胶粉粒径对植物多糖胶粘度的影响

血球计数器测定不同粒径胶粉完整胚乳细胞个数与胶液粘度的关系表明。粒径越大,完整胚乳细胞个数越多,水合作用速度越慢。胶液粘度越低;原胶粉粒径通过200目时胶液粘度最大,增粘胶粉通过140目时胶液粘度即达到最大值。增粘胶粉中完整胚乳细胞个数比原胶粉低35％～50％。     

不同生长期转Bt基因水稻秸杆还土对淹水土壤酶活性的影响

在实验室条件下通过秸杆还土试验比较了不同生长期转Bt基因克螟稻及其亲本稻秸杆对淹水土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,与同一生长期的亲本稻秸杆相比,孕穗期和成熟期克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤磷酸酶活性的影响较小;相反,对淹水土壤脱氢酶活性的影响非常显著,并且孕穗期秸杆与成熟期秸杆的添加对淹水土壤脱氢酶活性的影响趋势也存在较大差异。推测造成淹水土壤脱氢酶活性的显著性差异的主要原因可能是由于Bt插入基因表达的多效性所致。结果认为土壤脱氢酶活性可作为转Bt基因水稻生态安全风险性评价的潜在指标。     

29种鲜花提取液对羟自由基的清除作用

在生命活动的氧化代谢过程中不断产生各种自由基［１］。这些自由基与机体的许多功能障碍和疾病的发生密切相关。羟自由基（·ＯＨ）对机体具有强大的破坏力,还与衰老、肿瘤、辐射损伤及细胞吞噬等有关。所以研究物质对·ＯＨ的清除作用,具有重要意义。本文用化学发光法...     

蓝莓、桑葚浆果涂膜保鲜技术综述

蓝莓、桑葚同属浆果类,含水率高,果皮薄,采后不易保鲜.综述现阶段国内外涂膜技术在蓝莓、桑葚贮运保鲜中的研究与应用.同时结合生产实际,对涂膜技术在我国浆果类保鲜技术领域中的发展方向进行展望.     

Chromosome remodeling related to hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2 cells

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the main replicative intermediate of HBV and is organized into minichromosomes by the interaction with histone and nonhistone proteins. The remodeling of HBV minichromosomes such as post-translational modifications of histone proteins plays an important role in regulating HBV replication. To determine whether other remodeling occurs in addition to acetylation of cccDNA-bound H3 histones in the presence of HBV replication, a cell culture replication model of HBV was used to assess the dynamic status of acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation of cccDNA-bound H3 histones at various times after transient transfection of linear HBV DNA into human hepatoma, HepG2 cells. H3 histones bound to cccDNA were found to be phosphorylated, mono-methylated, and acetylated in HepG2 cells containing replicating HBV. The acetylation and methylation status of H3 histones bound to cccDNA paralleled HBV replication. Our results demonstrate that phosphorylation and methylation occur in the remodeling of HBV minichromosomes during HBV replication. The modifications of cccDNA-bound H3 histones were associated with the level of HBV replication. These findings suggest that alterations in the extent of minichromosome remodeling might be a potential target to inhibit HBV replication in the development of effective novel antiviral agents.     

Distributed gene clinical decision support system based on cloud computing

Background

The clinical decision support system can effectively break the limitations of doctors’ knowledge and reduce the possibility of misdiagnosis to enhance health care. The traditional genetic data storage and analysis methods based on stand-alone environment are hard to meet the computational requirements with the rapid genetic data growth for the limited scalability.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a distributed gene clinical decision support system, which is named GCDSS. And a prototype is implemented based on cloud computing technology. At the same time, we present CloudBWA which is a novel distributed read mapping algorithm leveraging batch processing strategy to map reads on Apache Spark.

Results

Experiments show that the distributed gene clinical decision support system GCDSS and the distributed read mapping algorithm CloudBWA have outstanding performance and excellent scalability. Compared with state-of-the-art distributed algorithms, CloudBWA achieves up to 2.63 times speedup over SparkBWA. Compared with stand-alone algorithms, CloudBWA with 16 cores achieves up to 11.59 times speedup over BWA-MEM with 1 core.

Conclusions

GCDSS is a distributed gene clinical decision support system based on cloud computing techniques. In particular, we incorporated a distributed genetic data analysis pipeline framework in the proposed GCDSS system. To boost the data processing of GCDSS, we propose CloudBWA, which is a novel distributed read mapping algorithm to leverage batch processing technique in mapping stage using Apache Spark platform.

     

Identification and characterization of phosphodiesterases that specifically degrade 3′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP

Cyclic dinucleotides act as intracellular second messengers, modulating a variety of cellular activities including innate immune activation. Although phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyzing c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP have been identified, no PDEs for cGAMPs have been reported. Here we identified the first three cGAMP-specific PDEs in V. cholerae (herein designated as V-cGAP1/2/3). V-cGAPs are HD-GYP domain-containing proteins and specifically break 3′3′-cGAMP, but not other forms of cGAMP. 3′3′-cGAMP is first linearized by all three V-cGAPs to produce 5′-pApG, which is further hydrolyzed into 5′-ApG by V-cGAP1. In this two-step reaction, V-cGAP1 functions as both a PDE and a 5′-nucleotidase. In vivo experiments demonstrated that V-cGAPs play non-redundant roles in cGAMP degradation. The high specificity of V-cGAPs on 3′3′-cGAMP suggests the existence of specific PDEs for other cGAMPs, including 2′3′-cGAMP in mammalian cells. The absolute requirement of the GYP motif for 3′3′-cGAMP degradation suggests that HD domain-containing PDEs in eukaryotes are probably unable to hydrolyze cGAMPs. The fact that all V-cGAPs attack 3′3′-cGAMP on one specific phosphodiester bond suggests that PDEs for other cGAMPs would utilize a similar strategy. These results will provide valuable information for identification and characterization of mammalian 2′3′-cGAMP-specific PDEs in future studies.