大豆蛋白含量新位点qPRO-19-1的定位

大豆是重要的粮食作物和经济作物,其籽粒蛋白约为40%,是植物蛋白的重要来源之一。国产大豆主要用于食用,提高大豆蛋白含量是主要的育种目标。因此,发掘大豆蛋白含量相关基因,对开发分子标记并培育高蛋白食用大豆具有重要意义。本研究以低蛋白大豆品种中黄35为母本,以源自日本的高蛋白大豆十胜长叶为父本,构建了重组自交系(RIL,recombination inbred lines)群体。利用集群分离分析法(BSA,bulked segregant analysis)在3条染色体筛选出9个与蛋白含量相关的SSR标记,其中位于19号染色体的QTL尚未见报道。进一步利用完备区间作图法(ICIM-ADD)分析RIL群体F_2:15和F_2:16,在19号染色体重复定位了1个蛋白质含量相关QTL qPRO-19-1,位于分子标记SSR_19_38和SSR_19_59之间,LOD值分别为3.43和3.98,贡献率分别为7.81%和14.87%,高蛋白等位基因来自于高蛋白亲本十胜长叶。qPRO-19-1的定位区间长度为385 kb,共有注释基因36个。本研究定位了蛋白质含量相关的新位点qPRO-19-1,为大豆高蛋白基因的图位克隆及分子标记育种奠定了基础。     

Protective Effects of 28-O-Caffeoyl Betulin (B-CA) on the Cerebral Cortex of Ischemic Rats Revealed by a NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis

28-O-caffeoyl betulin (B-CA) has been demonstrated to reduce the cerebral infarct volume caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury. B-CA is a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene with little information associated with its pharmacological target(s). To date no data is available regarding the effect of B-CA on brain metabolism. In the present study, a ¹H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the therapeutic effects of B-CA on brain metabolism following MCAO in rats. Global metabolic profiles of the cortex in acute period (9 h after focal ischemia onset) after MCAO were compared between the groups (sham; MCAO?+?vehicle; MCAO?+?B-CA). MCAO induced several changes in the ipsilateral cortex of ischemic rats, which consequently led to the neuronal damage featured with the downregulation of NAA, including energy metabolism dysfunctions, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Treatment with B-CA showed statistically significant rescue effects on the ischemic cortex of MCAO rats. Specifically, treatment with B-CA ameliorated the energy metabolism dysfunctions (back-regulating the levels of succinate, lactate, BCAAs, and carnitine), oxidative stress (upregulating the level of glutathione), and neurotransmitter metabolism disturbances (back-regulating the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine) associated with the progression of ischemic stroke. With the administration of B-CA, the levels of three phospholipid related metabolites (O-phosphocholine, O-phosphoethanolamine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and NAA improved significantly. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with B-CA may provide neuroprotection by augmenting the metabolic changes observed in the cortex following MCAO in rats.

     

137Cs和210Pbex示踪黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳的影响

通过在野外28.5 hm2的坡耕地上采集土壤样品,定量评价了利用137Cs和210Pbex研究土壤有机碳(SOC)动态的潜力,以探讨东北黑土区土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳的影响.结果表明:农耕地土壤137Cs、210Pbex和SOC在平面和垂直深度上均具有相似的分布特征.在平面上,尽管受土壤侵蚀沉积的影响,137Cs、210Pbex面积活度及SOC储量变异很大,但它们具有相同的变化趋势.在垂直断面上,侵蚀区137Cs、210Pbex和SOC在0～25 cm耕层内分布均匀,25 cm以下放射性活度减小,SOC含量也相应下降;沉积区0～100 cm深度上137Cs和210Pbex呈现先增加后减小的分布规律,SOC也具有类似的变化特征.农耕地SOC与137Cs、210Pbex呈显著线性相关,表明它们在黑土区农耕地上具有相似的物理运移特征,137Cs和210Pbex可直接用来定量评价黑土侵蚀下SOC的时空分布特点.     

Ouabain stimulates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion via the endothelin-1/ET(B) receptor-mediated pathway in beating rabbit atria

AimsOuabain has been reported to increase the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in vitro. However, the mechanism by which ouabain increases ANP secretion is not well known. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of ouabain-stimulated ANP secretion.Main methodsA perfused beating rabbit atrial model was used. The ANP and ET-1 levels in the atrial perfusates were measured by radioimmunoassays.Key findingsOuabain (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 μmol/L) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion in a dose-dependent manner, while the endothelin (ET)-1 levels were increased by the higher doses (3.0 and 6.0 μmol/L) of ouabain. Ouabain-increased atrial ET-1 release was blocked by PD98059 (30.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor of L-type Ca²⁺ channels, completely abolished ouabain-increased ANP secretion without changing the ouabain-induced atrial dynamics. KB-R7943 (3.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor of Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchangers, completely blocked the effects of ouabain-increased atrial dynamics, but did not modulate ouabain-increased ANP secretion. ET-1 significantly stimulated atrial ANP release in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of ET-1 and ouabain on ANP secretion were completely blocked by BQ788 (0.3 μmol/L), an inhibitor of ET-1 type B (ET_B) receptors, but not by BQ123 (0.3 μM), an inhibitor of ET-1 type A receptors. Ouabain-increased atrial ANP secretion was blocked by PD98059 and indomethacin (30.0 μmol/L), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.SignificanceOuabain significantly stimulated atrial ANP secretion via an ET-1-ET_B receptor-mediated pathway involving MAPK signaling pathway activation and prostaglandin formation.     

稳定表达p120ctn的人肺腺癌A549细胞株的构建

目的:构建稳定表达p120ctn的A549细胞株,以研究p120ctn蛋白在肺癌发生和转移过程中的作用。方法:通过分子克隆,将pc DNA3.1多克隆位点插入Flag标签的编码序列,得到pc DNA.Flag表达载体。然后PCR扩增p120ctn的编码序列,插入Flag标签下游,构建pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒,筛选阳性克隆并进行酶切及测序鉴定。利用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒转染到肺癌细胞A549中,通过G418筛选得到稳定转染细胞株,免疫印迹法检测p120ctn的表达。结果:本文构建了融合有Flag标签的p120ctn真核表达载体并转染到A549中,免疫印迹结果表明p120ctn蛋白在A549细胞中高效的表达。结论:本文成功构建了稳定高表达p120ctn的A549细胞模型,为深入研究p120ctn在肺癌的发生和转移过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

渤海淡水存留时间分析

利用渤海蒸发量、降水量、入海径流量、渤海及黄海盐度数据,基于淡水比例方法估算了渤海的淡水存留时间,并设计敏感性实验,定量分析了渤海淡水通量对渤海淡水存留时间的影响。结果表明,渤海年平均(1965—1980、1986—1992、1994、1996年)淡水存留时间为2.6年,并呈现弱上升的趋势。20世纪80年代的淡水存留时间(4.6年)与20世纪60年代(3.0年)相比,增加了近50%。渤海淡水存留时间随淡水输入的增加而缩短。与净降水量(降水量与蒸发量之差)相比,渤海淡水存留时间对入海径流量变化更敏感,因而流域调水的环境规划应予以充分关注。     

以减毒沙门氏菌为载体山羊痘病毒P32基因真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建以减毒沙门氏菌为载体山羊痘病毒P32基因真核表达载体。方法：以pMD-18T-P32/LD为模板,通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增出山羊痘病毒P32基因片段,定向插入真核表达载体pVAX1中,再重组表达质粒pVAX1-P32/LD。转入DH5α,再转入减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,通过双酶切、PCR及插入片段序列测序对质粒进行鉴定。结果：携带山羊痘病毒P32基因片段的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗S7207/pVAX1-P32/LD已成功构建。结论：为山羊痘基因工程疫苗的研制及诊断方法的建立奠定了基础。     

肺炎支原体感染小鼠体内IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-5的水平及克拉霉素的影响

目的：研究肺炎支原体感染小鼠血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞因子的水平,了解克拉霉素治疗对细胞因子的影响。方法：将昆明小鼠分为感染组、正常组及药物治疗组,建立小鼠肺炎支原体感染模型成功后,药物组用克拉霉素（6g·kg^-1·d^-1）进行治疗,连续5天。在肺炎支原体感染模型建立后的第8天,检测三组小鼠的血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-5水平。结果-相比较于正常组,感染组小鼠支气管灌洗液和血清中的IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-5均显著升高（P〈0．05）。而克拉霉素的使用能使IL-6、IFN-γ降低（P〈0．05）,但对IL-5水平无影响。结论：肺炎支原体感染使小鼠IL-6、IFN-γ、IL-5水平增高,克拉霉素治疗有一定疗效。     

蝇蛹俑小蜂对寄主及果实的趋性反应

【背景】蝇蛹俑小蜂是实蝇类害虫蛹期重要的寄生蜂之一。有关植物果实和寄主挥发物在蝇蛹俑小蜂寻找寄主过程中的作用尚不明确。【方法】采用"Y"型嗅觉仪测试了寄主和果实(健康果实和虫害诱导果实)对蝇蛹俑小蜂的引诱作用。【结果】虫伤1 d的番石榴和杨桃果实对蝇蛹佣小蜂雌蜂具有显著的引诱作用;寄主蛹——3日龄橘小实蝇蛹和4日龄瓜实蝇蛹对蝇蛹俑小蜂雌蜂也具有显著的引诱作用。蝇蛹俑小蜂雌蜂对雄蜂有显著的吸引作用。橘小实蝇性诱剂甲基丁香酚对蝇蛹俑小蜂的搜索行为则无显著影响。【结论与意义】寄主蛹和幼虫危害1 d的果实能释放对蝇蛹俑小蜂有引诱作用的物质,这可为利用蝇蛹俑小蜂防治实蝇类害虫提供基础信息。     

生物芯片技术研究进展

生物芯片主要包括基因芯片、蛋白质芯片、组织芯片等。利用生物芯片技术可以从整个基因组的水平上对基因进行快速分析、筛选。本文主要概述了生物芯片技术的最新研究进展及在各个领域内的应用 ,并对生物芯片技术面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向作了讨论。