Lithium Down-regulates Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and Induces Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin

Lithium is an effective mood stabilizer that has been clinically used to treat bipolar disorder for several decades. Recent studies have suggested that lithium possesses robust neuroprotective and anti-tumor properties. Thus far, a large number of lithium targets have been discovered. Here, we report for the first time that HDAC1 is a target of lithium. Lithium significantly down-regulated HDAC1 at the translational level by targeting HDAC1 mRNA. We also showed that depletion of HDAC1 is essential for the neuroprotective effects of lithium and for the lithium-mediated degradation of mutant huntingtin through the autophagic pathway. Our studies explain the multiple functions of lithium and reveal a novel mechanism for the function of lithium in neurodegeneration.     

高粱舟蛾发生规律与防治研究

高粱舟蛾Dinaracombusta (Walker)以幼虫取食玉米、高粱、甘蔗叶片。近年来 ,河北省正定、磁县、滦城等地危害夏玉米成灾。该虫在河北中南部每年发生 1代 ,以蛹在土中越冬 ,6月底至 7月上旬夏玉米田开始见卵 ,7月中下至 8月上旬为幼虫发生危害盛期。虫口密度与气象、天敌及食物因素有关。幼虫抗药性低 ,在夏玉米田采用高效氯氰菊酯乳油等低龄期防治 ,效果均在 90 %以上     

Studies on Histology and Histochemistry of the Morphogenesis of Stem Segment in Chinese Gooseberry Cultured in vitro

The stem segments of Chinese gooseberry cultured in vitro, 2ip added in the medium would give good effect on the regeneration of the plantlet same as zeatin. The effect of 6-BA was less and kinetin almost had no effect. Inhibition was found in almost all cases, when gibberellie acid (GA3) or GA3 (1,5, 10 ppm) combined with zeatin was used. Calli were originated from cambium and ploem. The primary xylem elements also participated in the formation of callus. The shoot primordium originated from the surface cells of callus and the subepidermal cells also participated in it. In certain conditions, shoot primordium was produced from internal part of callus. During the shoot primordium formed, a positive correlation between the starch accumulation and primordium formation could be obtained. The accumulated starch in the cells gradually disappeared as the shoot formation proceeded.     

Injection of duck recombinant follistatin fusion protein into duck muscle tissues stimulates satellite cell proliferation and muscle fiber hypertrophy

Follistatin (FST) can inhibit the expression of myostatin, which is a predominant inhibitor of muscle development. The potential application of myostatin-based technology has been prompted in different ways in agriculture. We previously constructed an expression vector of duck FST and isolated the FST fusion protein. After the protein was purified and refolded, it was added to the medium of duck myoblasts cultured in vitro. The results show that the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide value of the myoblasts in the duck FST treatment group is higher than that in the control group, which indicates that the duck FST fusion protein exhibits the biological activities that can accelerate myoblast proliferation. To further investigate the roles of duck FST on muscle development, we injected the protein into the duck muscle tissues in vivo. The results show that both the duck muscle fiber cross-sectional area and the satellite cell activation frequency are influenced more in the FST treatment group than they are in the control group. In addition to these phenomena, expression of MyoD and Myf5 were increased, and the expression of myostatin was decreased. Together, these results suggest the potential for using duck FST fusion protein to inhibit myostatin activity and subsequently to enhance muscle growth in vivo. The mechanism by which FST regulates muscle development in the duck is similar to that in mammals and fishes.     

石菖蒲与马蹄莲幼苗结构的比较解剖学研究

菖蒲属的分类和系统地位近两个世纪以来一直存在较大的争议。以菖蒲属的石菖蒲及马蹄莲属的马蹄莲为代表进行幼苗的比较解剖学研究,从幼苗结构的视角为菖蒲属独特的分类及系统地位提供证据。研究发现石菖蒲幼苗的子叶节区下部为较原始的“工”字形中始式的单中柱,而马蹄莲为散生中柱;石菖蒲根的维管柱为2—8原型星状中柱,马蹄莲为2—5原型星状中柱。石菖蒲根的内皮层细胞壁为马蹄形五面加厚;而马蹄莲为凯氏带四面加厚。石菖蒲细胞内的晶体为柱状晶,而马蹄莲为针晶。此外在子叶吸器的结构和其它贮藏物等方面也存在差异。据此认为菖蒲属应从天南星科中分出并单独成科;同时支持菖蒲属位于单子叶植物基部较孤立的系统地位。     

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Lower Facial Asymmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Non-Cleft Patients with Class III Skeletal Relationship

Introduction

To evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), both the condylar-fossa relationships and the mandibular and condylar asymmetries between unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and non-cleft patients with class III skeletal relationship, and to investigate the factors of asymmetry contributing to chin deviation.

Methods

The UCLP and non-cleft groups consisted of 30 and 40 subjects, respectively, in mixed dentition with class III skeletal relationships. Condylar-fossa relationships and the dimensional and positional asymmetries of the condyles and mandibles were examined using CBCT. Intra-group differences were compared between two sides in both groups using a paired t-test. Furthermore, correlations between each measurement and chin deviation were assessed.

Results

It was observed that 90% of UCLP and 67.5% of non-cleft subjects had both condyles centered, and no significant asymmetry was found. The axial angle and the condylar center distances to the midsagittal plane were significantly greater on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side (P=0.001 and P=0.028, respectively) and were positively correlated with chin deviation in the UCLP group. Except for a larger gonial angle on the cleft side, the two groups presented with consistent asymmetries showing shorter mandibular bodies and total mandibular lengths on the cleft (deviated) side. The average chin deviation was 1.63 mm to the cleft side, and the average absolute chin deviation was significantly greater in the UCLP group than in the non-cleft group (P=0.037).

Conclusion

Compared with non-cleft subjects with similar class III skeletal relationships, the subjects with UCLP showed more severe lower facial asymmetry. The subjects with UCLP presented with more asymmetrical positions and rotations of the condyles on axial slices, which were positively correlated with chin deviation.