“动物和人体生命活动的调节”一章学案教学的点滴思考

新课改以来,学案教学因其能有效地提高教学质量,充分发挥学生的主体作用,得到了广大教师的认同。以“动物和人体生命活动的调节”一章学案教学为例,阐述了对学案教学的理解,介绍了学案的编写与使用。     

脂多糖快速银染检测方法的改良

为了建立一种快速、高效的脂多糖(LPS)银染检测方法,利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli 0111:B4)制备的LPS为研究对象,在传统LPS银染检测方法的基础上,通过调整凝胶的固定氧化试剂和银染试剂等措施,对LPS经SDS-PAGE电泳后的结果进行银染检测.结果表明,改良的LPS快速银染检测方法在保持传统方法灵敏度的基础上,操作过程更为简单,安全性、经济性和染色效果等方面也比传统的方法均有明显提高,是一种快速高效的LPS银染检测方法.     

Initiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Migration by a PDGF-A Activated Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway

During CNS development, oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) cells migrate from germinal zones to presumptive white matter tracts to generate myelinating oligodendrocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) is a potent chemoattractant for OP cells and important for normal distribution throughout the developing CNS. However, PDGF-A does not localize in concentration gradients corresponding to OP migratory pathways, as would be expected for a chemoattractant to direct migration. Therefore, the mechanism by which PDGF-A regulates OP distribution remains to be clarified. Here we show that PDGF-A induces OP migration and continuous exposure to PDGF-A is not required to maintain migration. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we show that a self-sustaining extracellular-regulated-kinase signaling pathway drives OP migration for up to 72 hours after the initial PDGF stimulus. These findings indicate PDGF-A may act to mobilize OP cells that then respond to distinct directional signals to distribute appropriately within the CNS. Special issue article in honor of Dr. George DeVries.     

建设教学研互动平台 促进植物学教学改革

加强植物学教学改革,实施创新教育,培养创新人才,是植物学教学工作者的当务之急。论述如何将教学研紧密结合,建立互动基础平台,通过切实加强平台的硬、软件建设,多方面开展教学研究和学术研究,深入进行植物学教学改革,培养植物学创新人才。     

晚期糖基化终产物在糖尿病肾病中的病理作用

高糖环境下体内积聚的晚期糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)是糖尿病慢性并发症的主要致病因素.AGEs可通过对蛋白的修饰直接作用于机体或通过受体介导的作用影响机体.本文就AGEs的来源、病理生理作用,尤其是在糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)发生发展中的作用及治疗干预作一综述.     

慢性肾脏病患者心脏结构与功能变化的超声心动图研究

目的:研究慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者心脏结构及功能的变化.方法:选择我院肾内科175例慢性肾脏病未透析患者,按照2003年美国国家肾脏基金会-肾脏病转归质量(NKF-K/DOQI)指南的标准进行分期,观察所有患者心脏结构及功能在超声中的变化.结果:慢性肾脏病患者随着肾功能的恶化,各组之间比较,室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心房内径(LAD)具有升高的趋势(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);但E/A比值未出现伴随着肾功能恶化而逐渐减低的趋势(P＞0.05);射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短卒(FS)在各期之间无明显变化(P＞0.05);而TVI技术测定的Em、Em/Am具有显著减低的趋势(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);瓣膜返流以二尖瓣返流为主.结论:慢性肾脏病患者心脏结构与功能随肾功能减退而加重,超声心动图检查结合组织速度显像(TVI)技术能更好地检测心脏结构和功能变化,尤其是检测左心室舒张功能障碍.     

协同激活分子CBP诱饵表达质粒的构建和鉴定

构建协同激活分子CBP（CREB（cAMP response element binding）binding protein）的诱饵表达质粒pGBKT7-CBP并检测其蛋白表达、毒性和自激活作用.PCR扩增小鼠CBP的基因编码序列（CDS（coding sequence）序列）并克隆入诱饵表达载体pGBKT7中,通过酶切和测序鉴定后,把构建好的诱饵表达质粒pGBKT7-CBP转化到酵母AH109细胞中,Western blot检测诱饵蛋白表达情况,同时检测诱饵蛋白的毒性和自激活作用.结果成功扩增了小鼠CBP基因的CDS序列,并成功克隆到酵母诱饵表达载体pGBKT7中,测序结果正确.诱饵表达质粒成功转化到酵母AH109细胞中,Western blot分析结果证实酵母细胞高表达诱饵蛋白CBP,但诱饵蛋白有自激活作用.提示pGBKT7-CBP不能用于酵母双杂交或三杂交系统检测CBP与其他蛋白质或小分子的相互作用,对其他研究CBP生物学功能试验的方法选取具有一定的借鉴意义.     

The responses of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) forest aboveground biomass to Landsat TM spectral reflectance and NDVI

Bamboo is a special forest type in subtropical regions of china. Its huge biomass and carbon storage and its ecological function play an important role in global carbon sink. In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) forest in Anji county, Zhejiang province, China was selected to examine the relationships between Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data, and aboveground biomass (AGB, Kg), This research indicates that (1) near infrared (TM4) and mid-infrared bands (TM5,TM7) are more important in explaining Moso bamboo AGB than the visible bands. In particular, TM band5 has higher path coefficient with AGB than any other TM bands, implying its important role in explaining Moso bamboo AGB; (2) the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has weak correlation with Moso bamboo AGB, however, other vegetable indices such as Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI), and Soil Adjust Vegetation Index (SAVI) which are related to soil adjustment parameters are significantly correlated with Moso bamboo AGB; (3) the new vegetation index developed in this paper is significantly correlated with Moso bamboo AGB (correlation coefficient is 0.48), and has higher correlation coefficient (R) than any other selected vegetation indices, implying that this new vegetation index can better explain Moso bamboo AGB than any other vegetation indices.     

Multiplexing of multicolor bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is increasingly being used to monitor protein-protein interactions and cellular events in cells. However, the ability to monitor multiple events simultaneously is limited by the spectral properties of the existing BRET partners. Taking advantage of newly developed Renilla luciferases and blue-shifted fluorescent proteins (FPs), we explored the possibility of creating novel BRET configurations using a single luciferase substrate and distinct FPs. Three new (to our knowledge) BRET assays leading to distinct color bioluminescence emission were generated and validated. The spectral properties of two of the FPs used (enhanced blue (EB) FP2 and mAmetrine) and the selection of appropriate detection filters permitted the concomitant detection of two independent BRET signals, without cross-interference, in the same cells after addition of a unique substrate for Renilla luciferase-II, coelentrazine-400a. Using individual BRET-based biosensors to monitor the interaction between G-protein-coupled receptors and G-protein subunits or activation of different G-proteins along with the production of a second messenger, we established the proof of principle that two new BRET configurations can be multiplexed to simultaneously monitor two dependent or independent cellular events. The development of this new multiplexed BRET configuration opens the way for concomitant monitoring of various independent biological processes in living cells.     

Mitochondrial ND6 T14502C variant may modulate the phenotypic expression of LHON-associated G11778A mutation in four Chinese families

We report here the clinical, genetic, and molecular evaluations of four Han Chinese families with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Thirty-one (20 males/11 females) of 83 matrilineal relatives in these families exhibited the variable severity and age-at-onset in visual impairment. The average age-of-onset of vision loss was 22 years old. Strikingly, these penetrances of visual impairment in these Chinese families were higher than those in other 11 Chinese pedigrees carrying the only ND4 G11778A mutation. Molecular analysis identified the known G11778A mutation and distinct sets of variants belonging to the Asian haplogroups M10a and M7c2. Of these, the T14502C mutation caused the substitution of a highly conserved isoleucine for valine at position 58 in ND6. This mutation has been associated with LHON in other Chinese families with very low penetrance of LHON. Thus, the deficient activities of complex I, caused by G11778A mutation, would be worsened by the T14502C mutation in these four Chinese families. As a result, mitochondrial dysfunctions would lead to the high penetrance and expressivity of visual loss in these Chinese families carrying both G11778A and T14502C mutations than other 11 Chinese families carrying only G11778A mutation. These data suggested that the T14502C variant may modulate the phenotypic manifestation of the G11778A mutation in these Chinese pedigrees.