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Blood pressure in rats: a comparison of a multifactorial experimental design to measurements in an outbred stock

Systolic blood pressure was measured in males of 8 inbred strains and 1 outbred stock of rats 5 times over a period of 20 min on 5 consecutive days. The strain means ranged between 107.9 mmHg and 149.3 mmHg. The estimated variance between strains (V = 248.7 mmHg) was about 5 times higher than the variance within strains (V = 54.3 mmHg). The intraindividual variance within strains was relatively constant (V = 24.0-37.6 mmHg), while the interindividual variance varied to a great extent (V = 4.5-44.5 mmHg) from strain to strain. The outbred stock showed values of blood pressure and components of variance similar to those of a single inbred strain. Thus, by investigation of a battery of 8 inbred strains in a multifactorial experimental design a greater phenotypic variability due to genetic strain differences is achieved than by measurements in a single outbred stock.     

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Zur Genetik von Zea Mays

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The adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP-protein kinase system in different cell populations of the guinea pig gastric mucosa

In isolated guinea pig gastric mucous and enriched parietal cells it was tested whether or not cyclic AMP in response to histamine stimulation might reach concentrations sufficiently high to activate an intracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and thereby mediate the acid response. Although histamine stimulated parietal cell adenylate cyclase to a greater extent than mucous cell adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP levels in response to maximal histamine stimulation reached higher levels in mucous than in parietal cells. This had to be attributed to a five times higher phosphodiesterase activity in parietal cell than in mucous cell populations. In the absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine exposure of the cells to histamine only in mucous cells produced an increase in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity ratio, but not in parietal cells. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP induced cyclic AMP accumulation in parietal cell populations was compared to dibutyryl-cyclic AMP induced H+ secretion, as measured by 14C-aminopyrine uptake. A maximal acid response was associated with an intracellular cyclic AMP level of approximately 300 pmol/10(6) cells, which was never reached by maximal histamine stimulation even not in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is concluded that activation of the parietal cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is one way for stimulating H+ secretion, but that the acid response elicited by histamine requires another intracellular pathway.     

Versuche über Photoperiodismus IV

Zusammenfassung Der Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) ist im allgemeinen zur Gruppe der Kurztagpflanzen zu zählen.Die Untersuchung einer Reihe von verschiedenen Klonen ergab jedoch, daß das photoperiodische Verhalten nicht einheitlich ist.Es gibt einzelne Klone, die in bezug auf das vegetative Wachstum, den Eintritt der Blüte und den Knollenertrag als tagneutral zu bezeichnen sind.Es muß gelingen, die vorläufig noch auf die einzelnen Klone verteilten tagneutralen Eigenschaften durch Kreuzung und Auslese in einem Zuchtstamm zu vereinigen, wodurch die verschiedenen Anbauschwierigkeiten des Topinamburs behoben werden könnten.Durch Verkürzung des Tages auf I2 Stunden gelingt es in den meisten Fällen, den Topinambur auch in Deutschland zur Blüte zu bringen, wodurch eine genügende Samenerzeugung sowie ein systematische Kreuzung ermöglicht wird.Aus der Zweigstelle Gliesmarode der Biologischen Reichsanstalt für Lang- und Forstwirtschaft.     

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