The catalyst in bioprocesses, i.e. the cell mass, is one of the most challenging and important variables to monitor in bioprocesses. In the present study, cell mass in cultivations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae was monitored on-line with a non-invasive in situ placed sensor measuring multi-wavelength culture fluorescence. The excitation wavelength ranged from 270 to 550 nm with 20 nm steps and the emission wavelength range was from 310 to 590 nm also with 20 nm steps. The obtained spectra were analysed chemometrically with the multi-way technique, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), resulting in a decomposition of the multivariate fluorescent landscape, whereby underlying spectra of the individual intrinsic fluorophors present in the cell mass were estimated. Furthermore, gravimetrically determined cell mass concentration was used together with the fluorescence spectra for calibration and validation of multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression models. Both two- and three-way models were calculated, the models behaved similarly giving root mean square error of prediction (RMSEPs) of 0.20 and 0.19 g l(-1), respectively, when test set validation was used. Based on this work, it is evident that on-line monitoring of culture fluorescence can be used for estimation of the cell mass concentration during cultivations. 相似文献
The soils of the Pampas are thought to be generally non-contaminated but there is growing evidence of trace element accumulation at some specific sites. The goal of this study was to measure the current levels of the main Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) in the top horizon and in specific soil profiles so that we would establish the baseline concentrations of these elements. Eighty-eight top soils and three soil profiles were sampled. The samples were acid digested. Arsenic, boron, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, silver, selenium and zinc were determined with inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry (ICPES).
All of the values found are within the normal range for uncontaminated soils as reported from several continents. Elements with high environmental risk potential are lower than the admissible range of the European Union and some of them are orders of magnitude lower than those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) 501 levels. Potentially Toxic Elements contents increased with depth or showed a maximum concentration at the B2 horizon. This is related to the parent material and the pedogenetic processes but not to recent contamination. Soil profiles showed higher concentrations of PTE in clayey horizons. However, these relationships did not appear in top soil samples in any soil Great Group studied. The shown data establishes a baseline for PTE concentrations for Pampas soils. 相似文献
It is widely assumed that ancient DNA (aDNA) extracts contain no authentic templates longer than 300 bp. Here we present results which show that fragments of up to 800 bp in length can be reproducibly amplified from aDNA extracts. The amplification involves the short tandem repeat (STR) locus HUMVWA31A. Authentication of the amplified fragments is carried out by measures of expectancy. 相似文献
Proliferation and survival of Schwann cells are important for nerve development and for disease processes in peripheral nerves. We have analyzed embryos lacking alpha4- or alpha5-integrins and show here that these integrins contribute to the control of glial cell numbers. To overcome early embryonic lethality an explant and grafting system that allows the study of isolated glial progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo was used. Schwann cells differentiate in the absence of alpha5 but their numbers and the proliferation rate of early progenitor cells are reduced, suggesting that alpha5 is essential for normal proliferation. Survival, rather than proliferation, is compromised in alpha4-deficient explants. Conditional immortalization allowed further characterization and revealed that alpha4 contributes to survival in a cell-density-dependent fashion. In addition, transplants into chicken embryos were used to analyze in vivo cell migration and showed that cell death occurs mainly in highly motile, individually migrating cells. The cell death patterns in vitro and in vivo argue that alpha4-integrins play a role in survival during cell migration. Neural crest migration has been suggested to require these integrins; however, no defects in migration were observed in the absence of alpha4 or alpha5. We conclude that integrins can complement growth factors in the control of glial cell numbers. 相似文献
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in CaP treatment, but CaP recurs despite castrate levels of circulating androgen. Continued expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligands has been linked to castration-recurrent CaP growth.
Principal Finding
In this report, the ligand-dependent dominant-negative ARΔ142–337 (ARΔTR) was expressed in castration-recurrent CWR-R1 cell and tumor models to elucidate the role of AR signaling. Expression of ARΔTR decreased CWR-R1 tumor growth in the presence and absence of exogenous testosterone (T) and improved survival in the presence of exogenous T. There was evidence for negative selection of ARΔTR transgene in T-treated mice. Mass spectrometry revealed castration-recurrent CaP dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels sufficient to activate AR and ARΔTR. In the absence of exogenous testosterone, CWR-R1-ARΔTR and control cells exhibited altered androgen profiles that implicated epithelial CaP cells as a source of intratumoral AR ligands.
Conclusion
The study provides in vivo evidence that activation of AR signaling by intratumoral AR ligands is required for castration-recurrent CaP growth and that epithelial CaP cells produce sufficient active androgens for CaP recurrence during androgen deprivation therapy. Targeting intracrine T and DHT synthesis should provide a mechanism to inhibit AR and growth of castration-recurrent CaP. 相似文献
The Gram negative anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis has long been recognized as a causative agent of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the tooth
supporting tissues eventually leading to tooth-loss. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of P. gingivalis has been shown to be an important virulence determinant. Seven capsular serotypes have been described. Here, we used micro-array
based comparative genomic hybridization analysis (CGH) to analyze a representative of each of the capsular serotypes and a
non-encapsulated strain against the highly virulent and sequenced W83 strain. We defined absent calls using Arabidopsis thaliana negative control probes, with the aim to distinguish between aberrations due to mutations and gene gain/loss. 相似文献