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Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a β‐1,3‐glucanase from sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) show reduced callose deposition and increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity 下载免费PDF全文
HUI ZHANG WU LIANG SHI JIANG FENG YOU MING DI BIAN XIAO MEI QIN HUI YU QING LIU PETER R. RYAN ZHEN MING YANG 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(6):1178-1188
Seventy‐one cultivars of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were screened for aluminium (Al) tolerance by measuring relative root growth (RRG). Two contrasting cultivars, ROMA (Al tolerant) and POTCHETSTRM (Al sensitive), were selected to study shorter term responses to Al stress. POTCHETSTRM had higher callose synthase activity, lower β‐1,3‐glucanase activity and more callose deposition in the root apices during Al treatment compared with ROMA. We monitored the expression of 12 genes involved in callose synthesis and degradation and found that one of these, SbGlu1 (Sb03g045630.1), which encodes a β‐1,3‐glucanase enzyme, best explained the contrasting deposition of callose in ROMA and POTCHETSTRM during Al treatment. Full‐length cDNAs of SbGlu1 was prepared from ROMA and POTCHETSTRM and expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana using the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Independent transgenic lines displayed significantly greater Al tolerance than wild‐type plants and vector‐only controls. This phenotype was associated with greater total β‐1,3‐glucanase activity, less Al accumulation and reduced callose deposition in the roots. These results suggest that callose production is not just an early indicator of Al stress in plants but likely to be part of the toxicity pathway that leads to the inhibition of root growth. 相似文献
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洋河水库浮游植物组成及优势种演替规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在洋河水库设置6个采样点, 对浮游植物进行了周年研究, 并在夏季进行了每周一次的加密采样, 以揭示水华期间藻类优势种演替规律。结果表明洋河水库全年共检测到浮游植物8门41属49种, 群落季节变化与温度密切相关。春季隐藻门的啮齿隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)为优势, 夏季初期表层水温在25℃以下时, 绿藻门的波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)占主要优势; 当表层水温升至25℃以上, 微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)迅速取代其成为绝对优势。秋季硅藻门的克洛脆杆藻(Fragiaria crotomensis)和隐藻门的啮齿隐藻(C. erosa)为优势。空间分布上水库北部浅水区域隐藻和硅藻生物量普遍高于南部; 受东南风影响, 蓝藻生物量在西洋河口S2点位最大。CCA分析表明夏季水华主体微囊藻的生物量与氮浓度正相关, 螺旋鱼腥藻在夏季仅作为第二优势种短暂出现于西洋河口处, 其出现与否受到磷营养盐的限制。
相似文献
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比较镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)三种金属元素与斑蝥素结合后对其体外抗肝癌活性的影响。以人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721为实验细胞株,采用SRB法检测细胞增殖抑制率,平板集落形成实验检测细胞的集落形成能力,Hoechst 33342染色法观察细胞核形态变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和周期的情况。三种金属元素结合斑蝥素(CTD)后都能抑制细胞的增殖,且成剂量依赖关系。CTD抑制细胞增殖的活性仍强于斑蝥素酸钙(CaCTD)和斑蝥素酸锶(Sr-CTD),但明显弱于斑蝥素酸镁(Mg-CTD)。当给药浓度为0. 7μg/m L时,Mg-CTD组无细胞集落的形成,且抑制细胞集落形成的能力强于CTD组。而Ca-CTD和Sr-CTD抑制细胞集落形成作用无统计学意义。三种斑蝥素金属衍生物中,Mg-CTD引起细胞凋亡最多,其细胞凋亡率为11. 1%,且强于CTD阳性对照组。此外,CTD、Mg-CTD和Ca-CTD可以引起细胞G2/M期阻滞,其阻滞能力由强到弱的顺序为:Mg-CTD、CTD、Ca-CTD;而Sr-CTD对细胞G_2/M期的阻滞能力不明显。镁、钙、锶三种元素对斑蝥素体外抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的影响差异很大,镁元素与斑蝥素结合后在体外能增强斑蝥素的抗肝癌活性,而钙和锶元素则降低其抗肝癌活性。 相似文献
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The Occurrence of Aflatoxin-producing Strains of Aspergillus flavus in the Mould Floras of Ground Spices 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
All of 20 different ground spices and three mixtures purchased locally were significantly contaminated by bacteria, and only cloves were free of moulds, but thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated from only six spices. In general, the mould floras were dominated by Aspergillus spp.: A. glaucus (group) and A. niger being the most common. A. flavus was found in 14 spices and seven of 24 strains examined produced aflatoxins in vitro . Whole ginger and Jamaica, red and white peppers supported growth of A. flavus strains and production of aflatoxins. 相似文献
209.
DONG‐RU ZHANG MING‐YONG CHEN ROBERT W. MURPHY JING CHE JUN‐FENG PANG JIAN‐SHENG HU JING LUO SHAN‐JIN WU HUI YE YA‐PING ZHANG 《Molecular ecology》2010,19(16):3406-3420
Historical drainage patterns adjacent to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau differed markedly from those of today. We examined the relationship between drainage history and geographic patterns of genetic variation in the Yunnan spiny frog, Nanorana yunnanensis, using approximately 981 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA partial sequences from protein‐coding genes ND1 and ND2, and intervening areas including complete tRNAIle, tRNAGln and tRNAMet. Two null hypotheses were tested: (i) that genetic patterns do not correspond to the development of drainage systems and (ii) that populations had been stable and not experienced population expansion, bottlenecking and selection. Genealogical analyses identified three, major, well‐supported maternal lineages, each of which had two sublineages. These divergent lineages were completely concordant with six geographical regions. Genetic structure and divergence were strongly congruent with historical rather than contemporary drainage patterns. Most lineages and sublineages were formed via population fragmentation during the rearrangement of paleodrainage basins in the Early Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Sympatric lineages occurred only in localities at the boundaries of major drainages, likely reflecting secondary contact of previously allopatric populations. Extensive population expansion probably occurred early in the Middle Pleistocene accompanying dramatic climatic oscillations. 相似文献
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本文介绍家兔实验性呼吸窘迫综合征时呼吸功能的变化。静脉注射油酸后呼吸频率迅速增加,肺通气量则经历三个时相的变化,依次为最初通气增大期、延迟通气增大期和通气不足期。胸廓呼吸运动的幅度随着时间的延长逐渐加大而潮气量则逐渐减少。O_2吸收率及 CO_2排出率在通气不足期显著减少。血气分析提示,在通气增大期有呼吸性碱中毒,至通气不足期出现酸中毒。动脉血 PO_2在注射油酸后20min 时尚能维持在80mmHg 左右,以后则明显下降。切断双侧迷走神经后再注射油酸,呼吸不再增快,最初通气增大期显著减弱,而延迟通气增大期和通气不足期照常发生。切断双侧窦神经后再注射油酸,仍见呼吸加快和最初通气增大期,但延迟通气增大期消失。上述结果表明:动物注射油酸后,呼吸加快和最初通气增大期是通过迷走神经实现的,而延迟通气增大期则是由于缺 O_2,刺激外周化学感受器所致。 相似文献