参松养心胶囊对缺血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响

目的：评价参松养心胶囊对缺血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性的影响。方法：选择缺血性心肌病心衰患者40例,在常规抗心衰治疗（利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂／血管紧张素受体抑制剂、B受体组滞剂、醛固酮拮抗剂及洋地黄制剂）基础上加服参松养心胶囊1．2g,每日3次,连用8周。以超声心动图和24小时动态心电图分别观察治疗前、治疗后8周患者的心脏功能和心率变异性的变化情况。结果：参松养心胶囊治疗8周后,患者左室射血分数较治疗前显著增加（33．5±5．2％vs42．6±5．7％,P〈0．001）,正常R-R间期标准差（SDNN）和连续5分钟正常R-R间期均值的标准差（SDANN）均显著增加（P〈0．05）,分别为（97．4±40．6vs110．6±29-3msecs）和（80．5±29．4vs98．4±30．6msecs）。结论：常规抗心衰治疗基础上给予参松养心胶囊治疗能够有效改善缺血性心肌病心衰患者心率变异性和心脏功能。     

食管癌组织中HIF-1α、Survivin、CyclinD 1蛋白的表达及其意义

目的：探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、生存蛋白（survivin）、细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclinD 1）在食管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化技术检测50例食管癌组织和10例手术切除的远端正常食管组织中HIF-1α、Survivin、CyclinD 1蛋白的表达。结果：食管癌组织中HIF-1α、Survivin、CyclinD 1蛋白阳性表达率均与肿瘤浸润深度以及淋巴结转移相关（P〈0.05）,Survivin阳性表达率与肿瘤分级相关（P〈0.05）,HIF-1α与CyclinD 1的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论：检测HIF-1α、Survivin、CyclinD 1的蛋白的表达有助于判断食管癌的恶性程度以及推断其临床预后。     

贲门失弛缓症可回收支架治疗的疗效评价

目的：观察评价可回收式支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法：选取来我院治疗的2003年11月～2012年7月收治的48例贲门失弛缓症患者,在DSA透视下行经口可回收食道支架置入,15-90天后将支架取出术。对术后患者治疗情况进行评价。结果：98%患者取得显著疗效。结论：可回收支架扩张治疗术具有简便、安全和疗效好等优点,并发症少,可作为贲门失弛缓症的首选治疗方法。     

x线断层容积成像技术在肺动脉畸形中的应用

目的：通过与常规x线胸片比较,探讨胸部x线断层容积成像技术在肺动脉畸形中的应用价值。方法：对20例临床及x线平片怀疑肺动脉畸形者,进一步进行胸部x线断层容积成像检查。其中11例被明确诊断为肺动脉畸形。以CT或超声心动结果为标准,对比两种图像对肺动脉畸形的明确诊断率,分析对比该11例患者的胸部x线断层容积成像图片和普通x线胸片,评价两种方法所获得的图像质量和图片优秀率。结果：20例疑似患者中,11例被CT或超声心动确诊为肺动脉畸形,其x线断层容积成像图片和普通x线胸片经主管技师和副主任医师双盲判读,x线断层容积成像11例均获明确诊断（100％）,普通x线胸片明确诊断2例（18％）,诊断准确率有明显差异（P=0．O001）。容积断层成像优质图像为10例,占总数的90．91％;良好1例,差为0例。11例x片中优秀7例,占总数的63．63％,其中良好3例,差1例。两种图像优秀率比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0001）。结论：x线断层容积成像技术对肺动脉畸形的图像优秀率和诊断准确率均高于x线平片,对病变的显示更加清晰、立体,提高诊断准确率和客观性,具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

血液或无菌体液培养阳性标本中病原菌检测结果分析

目的：了解血培养（包括血液、无菌体液培养,下同）阳性标本中病原菌的分布及阳性报警时间,为临床及时明确病原菌和正确用药提供参考依据。方法：无菌条件下采集血培养标本注人相应的培养瓶,经仪器扫描后放入血培养仪进行检测,报警后及时进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验。结果：364例阳性报警标本中真阳性标本为176例,其中革兰阳性菌占61．7％,革兰阴性菌占35．0％,真菌占3．3％;188例为假阳性标本,其中革兰阳性菌占54％,革兰阴性菌占41．9％,真菌占4．0％;新生儿科的感染阳性率最高;不同种类病原菌的阳性报警时间多重叠;临床医生经验用药正确或根据药敏结果更换用药的百分比为78．2％。结论：本院引起血液、无菌体液感染的病原菌以革兰阳性细菌为主,病原菌种类较多,存在一定的污染;当新生儿有局部感染时要警惕脓毒血症;单独靠血培养仪报警时间来鉴定区分病原菌与污染菌不一定可靠,及时了解血培养结果及标准药敏结果可以辅助找出感染性疾病的病因,尽早正确合理的使用抗菌药物,从而优化抗菌治疗。     

24小时错峰使用芬太尼透皮贴剂在带状疱疹性疼痛治疗中的疗效观察

目的：比较24小时错峰使用芬太尼透皮贴剂（多瑞吉）和常规使用多瑞吉对中、重度带状疱疹性疼痛的镇痛效果及不良反应。方法：36例中、重度带状疱疹性疼痛患者经静脉吗啡滴定后,随机分为两组（n=18）,A组使用等效剂量多瑞吉,B组先使用等效剂量一半的多瑞吉,24小时后使用另一半,每贴多瑞吉更换周期均为72 h,以视觉模拟评分（VAS）评定治疗效果。结果：分别于治疗前、使用多瑞吉后3d、7d、14d记录两组患者VAS评分,结果发现两组患者在多瑞吉治疗后3d、7d、14dVAS评分均逐渐降低。但在使用多瑞吉后3d,B组VAS评分明显低于A组（P〈0.01）,用多瑞吉后7d、14d,两组VAS评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。B组患者在使用多瑞吉7d内恶心、呕吐及头晕不良反应发生率较A组低。结论：多瑞吉24小时错峰使用简单有效,可平稳有效缓解带状疱疹性疼痛,与常规使用多瑞吉相比其不良反应较少。     

豹蛙核酸酶与斑蝥酸钠对肺腺癌细胞增殖的协同抑制作用

豹蛙核酸酶(onconase,Onc)是从美洲北方豹蛙卵母细胞中提取的一种核糖核酸酶,对许多肿瘤细胞都具有杀伤作用。斑蝥素(cantharidin)是存在于芫青科昆虫斑蝥体内的一种天然防御性毒素,斑蝥酸钠(sodium cantharidate,SCA)是斑蝥素半合成衍生物。鉴于Onc与SCA对非小细胞肺癌都具有杀伤作用,采用MTT法测定Onc与SCA单独与联合作用于两株肺腺癌细胞的IC50值,运用联合作用指数(combination index,CI)和等效线分析评价两者联合作用的效果。结果表明,Onc与SCA联合作用时,CI值均小于0.7,等效线分析图显示,代表Onc与SCA联合作用的点均位于加成线下方,Onc与SCA对肺腺癌SPC-A-1、A549细胞株增殖的抑制作用具有协同效应。用流式细胞仪进行的凋亡细胞检测结果也支持上述"Onc/SCA联合使用具有协同抗癌作用"的结论。     

A resource of genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms generated by RAD tag sequencing in the critically endangered European eel

Reduced representation genome sequencing such as restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing is finding increased use to identify and genotype large numbers of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in model and nonmodel species. We generated a unique resource of novel SNP markers for the European eel using the RAD sequencing approach that was simultaneously identified and scored in a genome‐wide scan of 30 individuals. Whereas genomic resources are increasingly becoming available for this species, including the recent release of a draft genome, no genome‐wide set of SNP markers was available until now. The generated SNPs were widely distributed across the eel genome, aligning to 4779 different contigs and 19 703 different scaffolds. Significant variation was identified, with an average nucleotide diversity of 0.00529 across individuals. Results varied widely across the genome, ranging from 0.00048 to 0.00737 per locus. Based on the average nucleotide diversity across all loci, long‐term effective population size was estimated to range between 132 000 and 1 320 000, which is much higher than previous estimates based on microsatellite loci. The generated SNP resource consisting of 82 425 loci and 376 918 associated SNPs provides a valuable tool for future population genetics and genomics studies and allows for targeting specific genes and particularly interesting regions of the eel genome.     

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Objective

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites, but its association with risk of bladder cancer is still controversial. We examined this association by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Methods

Studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane register, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases through April 29, 2012. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

A total of fifteen cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis of all studies showed that diabetes was associated with a borderline statistically significant increased risk of bladder cancer (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23; p<0.001 for heterogeneity; I² = 84%). When restricting the analysis to studies that had adjusted for cigarette smoking (n = 6) or more than three confounders (n = 7), the RRs were 1.32 (95% CI 1.18–1.49) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.02–1.42), respectively. There was no significant publication bias (p = 0.62 for Egger’s regression asymmetry test).

Conclusions

Our findings support that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. More future studies are warranted to get a better understanding of the association and to provide convincing evidence for clinical practice in bladder cancer prevention.