外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导对香菇多糖代谢及关键酶基因表达的影响

香菇多糖是重要的生物活性成分,其药用价值高,茉莉酸甲酯有助于提高食用菌多糖含量,但关于其对香菇多糖合成的影响尚不清楚。本研究以香菇新808为实验材料,对不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导下香菇菌丝生物量和生长速率、香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量、香菇多糖含量进行比较分析。结果表明：10μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯可显著促进香菇菌丝生长并提高菌丝体生物量,分别是对照的1.14倍、1.2倍;与香菇多糖代谢相关的UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UGPase）、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（PGI）、α-葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（α-PGM）活性增加,为对照组的1.58、1.13、3.21倍;其基因相对表达量较对照组也显著上调,为对照组的5.73、1.4、1.77倍;香菇多糖合成量显著增加,为对照组1.58倍。10μmol/L的MeJA处理后,香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量与多糖含量间存在显著的正相关关系,表明添加适宜浓度的茉莉酸甲酯会影响香菇菌丝的生长及多糖合成。     

FDPS promotes glioma growth and macrophage recruitment by regulating CCL20 via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway

Glioma is one of the most lethal tumours and common malignant in the central nervous system (CNS), which exhibits diffuse invasion and aggressive growth. Several studies have reported the association of FDPS to tumour development and progression. However, the role of FDPS in progression of glioma and macrophage recruitment is not well‐elucidated. In the current study, a remarkable enhancement in FDPS level was observed in glioma tissues and associated with poor prognosis, contributed to tumour growth. FDPS was correlated with macrophage infiltration in glioma and pharmacological deletion of macrophages largely abrogated the oncogenic functions of FDPS in glioma. Mechanistically, FDPS activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway and ultimately facilitates macrophage infiltration by inducing CCL20 expression. In conclusion, overexpressed FDPS exhibits an immunomodulatory role in glioma. Therefore, targeting FDPS may be an effective therapeutic strategy for glioma.     

Association between METTL3 gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility: A nine‐centre case‐control study

Neuroblastoma ranks as the most commonly seen and deadly solid tumour in infancy. The aberrant activity of m⁶A‐RNA methyltransferase METTL3 is involved in human cancers. Therefore, functional genetic variants in the METTL3 gene may contribute to neuroblastoma risk. In the current nine‐centre case‐control study, we aimed to analyse the association between the METTL3 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and neuroblastoma susceptibility. We genotyped four METTL3 gene SNPs (rs1061026 T>G, rs1061027 C>A, rs1139130 A>G, and rs1263801 G>C) in 968 neuroblastoma patients and 1814 controls in China. We found significant associations between these SNPs and neuroblastoma risk in neither single‐locus nor combined analyses. Interestingly, in the stratified analysis, we observed a significant risk association with rs1061027 AA in subgroups of children ≤ 18 months of age (adjusted OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.03‐3.41, P = .040) and females (adjusted OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.07‐3.24, P = .028). Overall, we identified a significant association between METTL3 gene rs1061027 C>A polymorphism and neuroblastoma risk in children ≤18 months of age and females. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic determinants of neuroblastoma.     

Boosting Polysulfide Redox Kinetics by Graphene‐Supported Ni Nanoparticles with Carbon Coating

Lithium–sulfur batteries have attracted extensive attention because of their high energy density. However, their application is still impeded by the inherent sluggish kinetics and solubility of intermediate products (i.e., polysulfides) of the sulfur cathode. Herein, graphene‐supported Ni nanoparticles with a carbon coating are fabricated by directly carbonizing a metal–organic framework/graphene oxide composite, which is then dispersed on a commercial glass fiber membrane to form a separator with electrocatalytic activity. In situ analysis and electrochemical investigation demonstrate that this modified separator can effectively suppress the shuttle effect and regulate the catalytic conversion of intercepted polysulfides, which is also confirmed by density functional theory calculations. It is found that Ni–C sites can chemically interact with polysulfides and stabilize the radical S₃^?? through Ni? S bonds to enable fast dynamic equilibrium with S₆^2?, while Ni nanoparticles reduce the oxidation barrier of Li₂S and accelerate ion/electron transport. As a result, the corresponding lithium–sulfur battery shows a high cycle stability (88% capacity retention over 100 cycles) even with a high sulfur mass loading of 8 mg cm^?2 and lean electrolyte (6.25 µ L mg^?1). Surprisingly, benefitting from the improved kinetics, the battery can work well at ?50 °C, which is rarely achieved by conventional Li–S batteries.     

Conductive Hole‐Selective Passivating Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Defect state passivation and conductivity of materials are always in opposition; thus, it is unlikely for one material to possess both excellent carrier transport and defect state passivation simultaneously. As a result, the use of partial passivation and local contact strategies are required for silicon solar cells, which leads to fabrication processes with technical complexities. Thus, one material that possesses both a good passivation and conductivity is highly desirable in silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work, a passivation‐conductivity phase‐like diagram is presented and a conductive‐passivating‐carrier‐selective contact is achieved using PEDOT:Nafion composite thin films. A power conversion efficiency of 18.8% is reported for an industrial multicrystalline silicon solar cell with a back PEDOT:Nafion contact, demonstrating a solution‐processed organic passivating contact concept. This concept has the potential advantages of omitting the use of conventional dielectric passivation materials deposited by costly high‐vacuum equipment, energy‐intensive high‐temperature processes, and complex laser opening steps. This work also contributes an effective back‐surface field scheme and a new hole‐selective contact for p‐type and n‐type silicon solar cells, respectively, both for research purposes and as a low‐cost surface engineering strategy for future Si‐based PV technologies.     

miR-125b-5p促进分枝杆菌在宿主细胞和小鼠体内存活的研究

通过观察miR-125b-5p对分枝杆菌在宿主细胞和小鼠体内存活情况的影响,探究其在抗结核免疫过程中的作用。采用不同培养基对分枝杆菌进行培养并计数;以1640培养基加10%胎牛血清培养所有实验用细胞。将终浓度50 nmol/L的miR-125b-5p 模拟物、miR-125b-5p 抑制剂及磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照加入细胞后,在不同时间点收集细胞。用分枝杆菌分别感染宿主细胞(A549、THP-1和RAW264.7)以及C57BL/6小鼠。采用定量聚合酶链反应检测miR-125b-5p的表达量。结果miR-125b-5p在分枝杆菌感染的多种宿主细胞及小鼠中都显著上调表达,其中小鼠肺部的表达量提高了约15倍。分别转染模拟物和抑制剂后,再用分枝杆菌感染细胞,结果发现miR-125b-5p可促进分枝杆菌在宿主细胞内的生长。当miR-125b-5p抑制剂注射到卡介苗(BCG)感染的小鼠体内时,小鼠体内的细菌载量显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究证明miR-125b-5p可调控分枝杆菌在宿主细胞及小鼠体内的生长,在抗结核免疫过程中发挥了重要作用。进一步对其作用机制的深入研究将为临床结核病的治疗提供理论指导。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响

目的:探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对结肠癌手术患者血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年12月期间于新疆医科大学附属第一医院行腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术患者189例,根据随机数字表法将患者分成对照组(n=94,丙泊酚麻醉)和研究组(n=95,瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉),比较两组患者围术期指标、血流动力学、炎症反应及免疫球蛋白水平,记录两组术中不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者苏醒时间、拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。对照组麻醉诱导10 min(T2)、术毕拔管后10 min(T3)时间点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)较T1时间点降低,T3时间点高于T2时间点(P0.05),研究组T2时间点HR、MAP较T1时间点降低(P0.05);研究组T2、T3时间点HR、MAP高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组术后1h(T4)、术后1d(T5)时间点白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)低于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。研究组T4、T5时间点免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌手术中使用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,可有效改善围术期各项指标,维持机体血流动力学稳定,减少机体炎症反应、免疫抑制,安全可靠。     

不同剂量熊果酸干预糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的作用及机制研究

目的:探究不同剂量熊果酸(UA)干预糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的作用及机制。方法:选取雄性健康C57BL/6小鼠60只,其中50只按50 mg/kg的剂量一次性往小鼠尾静脉注射新鲜配置的四氯嘧啶生理盐水溶液构建小鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为模型组、阳性对照组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL 40 mg/m L的曲安奈德),低剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为0.5μg/μL的UA)、中剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为1.0μg/μL的UA),高剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为2.0μg/μL的UA),余下10只小鼠作为正常对照组。观察各组小鼠对胰岛素敏感性、视网膜内糖代谢情况、小鼠视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)凋亡情况,比较各组小鼠视网膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)蛋白及其mRNA的表达情况。结果:建模后,正常对照组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、视网膜含糖量、葡萄糖转运体-1(GLUT-1)与葡萄糖转运体-3(GLUT-3)含量、RGCs凋亡率、视网膜组织中VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达量低于模型组(P0.05);经干扰后,阳性对照组、不同剂量UA干扰组HOMA-IR、视网膜含糖量、GLUT-1、GLUT-3的含量、RGCs凋亡率、视网膜组织中VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达量低于模型组(P0.05),且随UA干扰剂量的升高而降低(P0.05)。结论:UA能够降低HOMA-IR和视网膜糖代谢能力,抑制RGCs的凋亡,对VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达具有一定的抑制作用,高剂量UA对糖尿病小鼠视网膜病预防治疗效果较好。     

CD80、CD86在鼻咽癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:研究CD80、CD86在鼻咽癌中的表达变化及其临床病理意义。方法:选择2014年10月至2018年10月本院接诊的鼻咽癌确诊患者64例纳入研究,依据鼻咽癌复发情况分复发组(n=30)和未复发组(n=34);同期选取正常鼻粘膜活检组织33例作为正常对照组,采用SP免疫组化法检测鼻咽癌患者癌组织或正常鼻粘膜活检组织CD80、CD86蛋白的表达,并经Spearman相关性分析法分析CD80、CD86蛋白表达与鼻咽癌恶化程度的相关性。结果:鼻咽癌的癌组织CD80、CD86蛋白均呈高表达,阳性表达主要定位于细胞膜、细胞质,与肿瘤临床TNM分期、淋巴结转移均显著相关(P0.05)。复发组、未复发组肿瘤组织中的mRNA(ARD1、Ptch1、Survivin)表达显著高于对照组,且复发组高于未复发组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示CD80、CD86蛋白表达与鼻咽癌细胞侵袭能力呈显著正相关(r=0.403、0.547,P0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌的癌组织内CD80、CD86蛋白均呈高表达,与鼻咽癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移及放疗预后关系密切,可能作鼻咽癌临床诊治及预后评估的重要参考指标。     

乳腺癌患者改良根治术后生活质量调查及复发转移的影响因素分析

目的:调查乳腺癌患者改良根治术后生活质量,并对其复发转移的影响因素进行分析。方法:选取2012年6月～2014年6月期间于我院行改良根治术的乳腺癌患者197例,于术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月采用乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)评价患者生活质量。采用我院自制的调查问卷统计患者基本治疗情况,分析乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的影响因素。结果:本研究中,共发放197份问卷调查,回收195份,回收率为98.98%(195/197)。其中195例患者中有73例发生复发转移(复发转移组),122例未发生复发转移(未复发转移组)。195例乳腺癌患者术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月社会/家庭状况、生理状况、功能状况、情感状况、附加关注条目、总体生活质量等项目评分呈递增趋势(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病理类型为浸润性非特殊性癌、肿瘤大小≥2 cm、临床分期为Ⅲ期、激素受体为ER及PR均阴性均是乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的独立危险因素(P0.05),而采用放化疗、联合化疗方案、内分泌治疗以及p53蛋白阳性表达是乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的独立保护因素(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者行改良根治术后生活质量呈动态变化,其术后复发转移影响因素为病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤大小、激素受体、化疗方案、p53蛋白、内分泌治疗及放化疗。