广东省种子植物分布新资料(二)

报道广东省种子植物分布新记录5种——竹茎兰(Tropidia nipponica Masam.)、二色鸭跖草(Commelina bicolor D. Q. Wang & M. E. Cheng)、猫爪草(Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.)、繁缕景天(Sedum stellariifolium Franch.)和福参(Angelica morii Hayata),均发现于广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区。新记录不仅丰富了广东省的种质资源,对于丹霞山的区系发生研究也具有一定指示意义。     

苦丁茶中绿原酸及其异构体的提取变化分析

以富含绿原酸类成分的苦丁茶(Ilex kaushue)为材料,使用溶剂甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和水,结合超声波提取、水浴提取、回流提取等方法对绿原酸及其异构体的提取效率及提取后各异构体的变化进行分析。应用超高效液相色谱法可使苦丁茶的6种绿原酸类成分及咖啡酸在6 min内实现分离。提取结果表明,丙酮作为提取溶剂,在采用超声波和水浴提取时能获得较高的提取效率,易获得较多总量的绿原酸类成分和高含量异绿原酸A。而最常用的溶剂乙醇并未达到理想的提取效果。在不同溶剂的回流提取中,虽然提取的绿原酸类成分总量接近,但异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C含量有较大差异。醇溶液特别是乙醇溶液的回流提取使异绿原酸C的量大幅增加,而相应的异绿原酸A的量大幅减少,表明在醇加热条件下,异绿原酸A转化为异绿原酸C,这为获得抗氧化性更强的异绿原酸C提供了新思路。     

香茅精油的抑菌和抗氧化活性研究

选用产自福建厦门的香茅(Cymbopogon nardus),测定香茅精油对白色粘性沙雷氏菌、红色粘性沙雷氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和紫色杆菌等6种菌的抑菌活性,并利用ABTS^.+自由基清除法以及超氧阴离子清除法研究香茅精油的抗氧化活性。结果表明,新鲜香茅精油的平均提取率为0.29,对6种供试菌种都有较高的抑制作用,其中对紫色杆菌的抑制活性最强,且香茅精油有极高的清除ABTS^.+自由基以及超氧阴离子自由基的能力,证明香茅精油具有广谱抑菌活性及强抗氧化活性。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析香花秋海棠及其变种花香气成分

利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对盛花期的香花秋海棠(Begonia handelii)雄花及其变种铺地秋海棠(B. handelii var. prostrata)雌花和红毛香花秋海棠(B. handelii var. rubropilosa)雄花的挥发性香气成分进行分析。结果表明,从铺地秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分32 种,其中醇类物质含量最高,占总成分50.10,其次分别为碳氢类、醛类和酸类物质,分别占总成分25.39、13.87、4.34;从香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分为21种,醛类物质含量最高,占总成分57.12,其次是醇类、碳氢类、杂环类物质,分别占总成分17.37、15.31、4.88;从红毛香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分44 种,醇类物质含量最高,占总成分38.22,其次是碳氢类、醛类和醚类物质,分别占总成分34.36、16.83、6.91。铺地秋海棠和红毛香花秋海棠香气成分较接近,富含具有清香、甘甜气息的芳樟醇氧化物等物质;香花秋海棠花中醛类物质含量最高,具有淡焦甜香气。     

bFGF Promotes the Proliferation of Rat Peripheral Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through β-Catenin Signaling

bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF) could promote the proliferation of bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. However, the effect of bFGF on the proliferation of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) needs further research. This study aimed to investigate the role of bFGF on the culture and expansion of PBMSCs in vitro. Firstly, arterial blood was collected from rats abdominal aorta. After mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated with Ficoll separation fluid, MNCs were cultured in the DMEM medium without bFGF (served as control group) or with bFGF (10, 20 ng/mL, served as 10 or 20 ng/mL bFGF group). PBMSCs were obtained by adherent culture method. The third passage of PBMSCs was detected for the MSC surface markers and the effect of bFGF on the cell cycle of PBMSCs using flow cytometry. The effects of bFGF on colony formation, cell growth, and the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p21 and β-catenin were evaluated. PBMSCs showed no difference in morphology among the three groups. PBMSC clonies appeared 14 days after cultivation. Compared with the control group, the cell growth confluence of PBMSCs was obviously increased by 40% and 80% in groups treated with 10 ng/mL bFGF or 20 ng/mL bFGF respectively after culture of 21 days (all P<0.05). Compared with the group treated with 10 ng/mL bFGF, the confluence of PBMSCs in 20 ng/mL group was further increased by 28% (P<0.05). Cells of the third passage were positively stained for CD29 and CD90, while were negative for CD45. These results were consistent with the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs. Compared with the control group, the colony number of PBMSCs in the 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL bFGF groups was increased by 51% (P<0.05) and 92% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with the 10 ng/mL group, the colony number of PBMSCs was further increased in 20 ng/mL group by 14% (P<0.05). The growth curve of PBMSCs showed that after 7 days of culture, the number of PBMSCs in 10 ng/mL bFGF group and 20 ng/mL bFGF group was increased by 41% (P<0.05) and 61% (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, the cell number had a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P<0.05). Results from flow cytometry cell cycle showed that the numbers of PBMSCs in the G1 phase of experimental groups were significantly decreased as the concentration of bFGF increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05), whereas the number of PBMSCs in the S phase was significantly increased (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence experiments showed that, compared with the control group, bFGF significantly promoted the nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin in PBMSCs. Compared with the 10 ng/mL group, the PBMSCs in 20 ng/mL bFGF group showed stronger nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin. Western blot experiments showed that the levels of β-catenin and its target proteins cyclinD1 and cyclinE were significantly increased (all P<0.05), whereas expression of p21 was significantly decreased in PBMSCs in the bFGF groups in a concentration dependent pattern when compared with control group (P<0.05). The study firstly confirms that bFGF promotes the proliferation of PBMSCs by regulating the β-catenin signaling pathway, which may facilitate the aquisition of larger number of PBMSCs for stem cell engineering in vitro.     

木耳‘农黑1号'的选育报告

黑木耳新品种‘农黑1号'是以黑木耳‘Au5'和‘木耳黑龙3号'作为亲本菌株,通过单孢杂交配对选育而来。工厂化条件下的生产性试验结果表明：‘农黑1号'的第一潮平均鲜耳产量达到322.4g/袋,干耳产量平均为29.0g/袋,出耳率平均为93.3%,生产周期平均为71d。综合来看,‘农黑1号'具有产量高、周期短、出耳率高、一致性好等优点,可作为黑木耳工厂化栽培的优良新品种。     

转基因耐除草剂大豆的食用安全评价研究进展

转基因大豆是目前种植最广泛的转基因作物之一,其中具有耐除草剂特性的转基因大豆占比最高。公众对转基因食品一直争议不断,因此,其批准商业化种植前的食用安全性评价显得尤为重要。已有研究显示,转基因耐除草剂大豆已经商业化种植了二十多年,迄今为止还没有观察到任何不良反应。目前已经批准的转基因耐除草剂大豆均进行了严格的毒理学评价、过敏性评价和营养学评价,经过严格评价后上市的转基因大豆可以放心食用。综述了转基因耐除草剂大豆的主要类型,分析了可能存在的安全性问题,对转基因耐除草剂大豆的食用安全性评价方法进行了总结,以期为后续相关转基因食品安全性评价工作的开展提供借鉴。     

我国农作物重大迁飞性害虫发生为害及监测预报技术

文章概述了我国一类农作物病虫害中7种(类)迁飞性害虫发生为害概况,即是我国三大粮食作物上为害最为严重的害虫,发生区域涵盖我国粮食作物种植区,且存在国内外虫源交流;概述了成虫种群监测、雌蛾卵巢发育分级、翅型调查、异地预报等迁飞性害虫监测预报技术;提出了需要对迁飞性害虫成灾机理、智能化监测工具和迁飞关键路径进行研究,努力建成全国空天地一体化监测网络,实现迁飞性害虫的精准预报的建议.     

片突菱纹叶蝉感染枣疯植原体与Wolbachia的检测及系统发育分析

[目的]探讨片突菱纹叶蝉Hishimonus lamellatus Cai et Kuo不同种群中枣疯植原体与沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia的感染情况和Wolbachia在不同器官组织分布,明确枣园菱纹叶蝉中Wolbachia的感染类型和分类地位,为研究Wolbachia感染对枣疯植原体潜在介体叶蝉生物学及生态学影响奠定基础.[方法]通过枣疯植原体和Wolbachia的基因特异性引物对片突菱纹叶蝉田间自然种群和实验室种群进行分子检测和鉴定.[结果]田间采集的片突菱纹叶蝉成虫植原体感染率在55％-61％之间,而Wolbachia感染率为3％-4％.田间采集的片突菱纹叶蝉自然种群经室内饲养,在1-4龄若虫中检测到Wolbachia,2-5龄若虫中检测到了植原体.片突菱纹叶蝉实验室饲养无植原体种群在其卵巢、卵和若虫中发现感染Wolbachia,在其唾液腺和消化道也检测到了Wolbachia,感染率在58％-100％之间.基于Wolbachia的wsp基因构建系统发育树,发现片突菱纹叶蝉体内的2个Wolbachia株系同属于B大组,但不同于B大组其他株系,属于新株系wLam1和wLam2.[结论]片突菱纹叶蝉成虫采自田间种群可以感染枣疯植原体和Wolbachia,无植原体叶蝉实验室饲养种群成虫感染Wolbachia显著高于田间种群,片突菱纹叶蝉体内2个Wolbachia株系属于B大组.这一研究结果为Wolbachia作为介体叶蝉生物防治剂进一步利用提供了基础信息.     

中华蜜蜂AcNPC2b的原核表达和鉴定

[目的]中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana(简称中蜂),其胞内胆固醇转运体AcNPC2a能够识别并结合几种微生物的细胞壁,AcNPC2存在于该蜂触角,参与嗅觉通讯,关于AcNPC2b的功能尚未见报道.[方法]通过对中华蜜蜂AcNPC2b基因进行原核表达,以纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗血清;利用荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹检测AcNPC2b的转录活性及蛋白水平,通过微生物结合测定对AcNPC2b的功能进行探索.[结果]中蜂AcNPC2b含有信号肽和ML结构域,具有3个二硫键,与果蝇Drosophila melanogaster DmNPC2b聚为一个亚枝.荧光定量qRT-PCR检测发现,感染中蜂囊状幼虫病毒(Chinses sacbrood virus,简称CSBV)的幼虫体内AcNPC2b基因的表达呈现出先微弱下调再持续上调的趋势.获得了约16ku的重组蛋白AcNPC2b并制备了多克隆抗体,免疫印迹结果表明,中蜂AcNPC2b蛋白在工蜂头、胸与中肠中的表达量最高,触角、马氏管与脂肪体中次之.AcNPC2b蛋白在正常与感染CSBV病毒的中蜂幼虫中均有表达,且在感染CSBV的中蜂幼虫中有微弱上调.重组蛋白AcNPC2b微生物结合测定实验结果显示中蜂AcNPC2b重组蛋白均能与活的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌以及白僵菌结合.[结论]正常与感染CSBV病毒的中蜂幼虫体内AcNPC2b基因转录水平和AcNPC2b蛋白的表达含量存在差异,重组蛋白AcNPC2b具有识别并结合病原菌的能力,为后续深入研究AcNPC2b蛋白的分子功能奠定了一定理论基础.