锥叶柴胡化学成分研究

自锥叶柴胡(Bupleurum bicaule Helm)地下部分中分离得到8个化合物单体,根据理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为kaerophyllin(1)、isokaerophyllin(2)、咖啡酸乙酯(3)、柴胡皂苷元F(4)、异鼠李素(5)、槲皮素(6)、α-菠甾醇(7)和豆甾醇(8),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

醛糖还原酶基因5′调控区新的点突变对基因表达调控的影响

为了进一步研究醛糖还原酶 (AR)基因 5′调控区存在的可引起蛋白质表达发生改变的遗传变异及其对糖尿病并发症的影响 ,应用PCR SSCP对中国人 2型糖尿病患者的AR基因 5′调控区进行筛选 ,在两名糖尿病患者中发现一新点突变C- 1 6 7→A ,使AR基因 5′调控区产生一个新的CCAAT盒。含点突变的两名患者尽管患病多年 ,长期处于高血糖状态 ,但无糖尿病并发症发生。而且他们的红细胞中AR活性都很低 ,处于无视网膜病变患者组的下限范围。将含野生型和点突变DNA片段分别克隆至氯霉素乙酰转移酶报告基因载体 (pCAT) ,检测CAT的活性确定野生型和突变型序列的转录活性。同时进行凝胶滞留试验以观测DNA与蛋白质的相互作用。结果显示 :含C- 1 6 7→A的启动子相对转录活性 (5 .7% )明显低于野生型(15 .7% )。凝胶滞留试验中 ,突变序列迁移速率较野生型慢。以上结果说明 ,AR基因 5′调控区C- 1 6 7→A点突变干扰了启动子区顺式作用元件与反式作用因子的结合 ,导致AR基因转录活性降低 ,使患者组织中AR活性下降 ,从而阻止或减缓 2型糖尿病视网膜病变发生发展。     

乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7-PC-1-46的建立

以人前列腺癌C4-2细胞基因组DNA为模板,扩增出PC-1基因N端编码46个氨基酸残基及其上游非编码区共599bp的DNA序列,将其正向克隆到真核表达载体pIRES2中,并在脂质体介导下,转染人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,经G418筛选获得阳性单克隆,细胞扩大培养后,进行PCR和RT-PCR分析,检测外源PC-1基因在靶细胞中的整合与转录,PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,稳定转梁细胞株MCF-7-PC-1-46具有外源目的基因的整合和相应mRNA的高表达,说明成功建立了稳定表达外源PC-1基因N端46个氨基酸的人乳腺癌细胞株,为进一步研究PC-1基因的生物学功能提供了实验材料。     

基于大鼠在体肠灌流模型研究白及有效部位在肠道的可吸收及代谢成分

为了考查白及有效部位在肠道的可吸收成分及其代谢特征。基于在体肠灌流模型,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱仪(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对收集到的健康SD大鼠循环肠灌流液、血清、胆汁进行分析检测,并结合对照品、质谱碎片信息和Masslynx V4.1工作站中的Single Mass Analysis功能,初步推测吸收和代谢产物的结构式。在大鼠血清和胆汁中,初步鉴定出1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸、4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯、α-异丁基苹果酸酯原型产物。在大鼠循环肠灌流液、血清和胆汁中,共鉴定出4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯的脱糖后硫酸化代谢产物和二氢菲5的葡萄糖醛酸化代谢产物,其代谢产物主要生水解和葡萄糖醛酸化反应。该方法初步探究了白及有效部位在大鼠循环肠灌流液中可吸收成分和代谢特征,为阐释白及药材的药效物质基础提供实验依据。     

红芽芋球茎片两步法离体快繁及其再生苗生理和光合特性研究

以江西铅山红芽芋(Colocasia esculenta L.Schott var.cormosus‘Hongyayu’)试管苗为材料,建立了芋球茎片两步法离体快繁体系,并对其再生苗的形态指标、染色体数目、生理和光合特性以及叶绿素荧光特性进行了检测。结果表明:(1)红芽芋球茎片单芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+KT 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,诱导培养30d后将单芽从球茎片上分离,再接种到生根培养基(MS+KT 2mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)上培养30d即可形成完整植株,移栽成活率高达98%;(2)由球茎片单芽、丛生芽、不定芽离体快繁获得的红芽芋再生苗在形态指标、叶下表皮气孔参数、染色体数目、生理生化指标以及叶片光合特性参数和叶绿素荧光特性方面均无显著差异。说明红芽芋球茎片两步法离体培养的再生苗繁殖系数高、染色体数目稳定,该离体快繁体系可应用于江西铅山红芽芋的工厂化生产。     

赣南脐橙粉虱类害虫种类及种群动态研究

通过在赣州开展为期2年的系统调查,明确了为害赣南脐橙的粉虱种类和发生动态。经鉴定,为害赣南脐橙的粉虱为柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance。2013年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱卵、若虫、伪蛹、成虫数量平均密度分别为(7.61,6.67,5.45,47.43)头/叶(板),(3.84,2.84,1.82,31.80)头/叶(板);2014年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱分别为(8.29,6.92,5.18,27.16)头/叶(板),(7.89,6.18,4.35,24.06)头/叶(板)。2013-2014年,两种粉虱发生数量较大,全年有多个发生高峰。柑橘粉虱和黑刺粉虱是赣南脐橙上的重要害虫,需加强防治工作,控制为害。     

Effects of social conditions on Juvenile Hormone mediated reproductive development in Bombus terrestris workers

Abstract. During the annual life cycle of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (L.) colony, there is a stage characterized by worker reproduction in the presence of the queen. It has been proposed that this is a result of a decrease in queen inhibition. This hypothesis was examined by studying the effects of queens taken from colonies at different stages of development on several aspects of worker physiology and behaviour: rates of Juvenile Hormone (JH) release in vitro , ovary development, and behaviour associated with reproduction. After optimizing and validating the radiochemical assay for JH release for bumble bee workers, we found that queenless workers had significantly more developed ovaries and higher rates of release of JH than did queenright workers, confirming and extending previous findings that suggest that bumblebee ovarian development is under JH control. Mated queens, separated from their colony and brood, can have the same inhibitory effect on the reproductive development of callow workers. In contrast, workers confined with virgin queens or in queenless groups demonstrated a significantly higher rate of release of JH, overt aggression and threatening behaviours. However, there were no differences in rates of release of JH between workers confined in groups in the laboratory with queens taken from colonies either before or after the onset of worker reproduction. Furthermore, overt aggression and threatening behaviours were similar and low in both types of groups. These results gave no support to the hypothesis that a decrease in queen inhibition is associated with the onset of worker reproduction. We also show that young workers reared in colonies either before or after worker reproduction occurs, or in queenless colonies, all demonstrated similar, low rates of release of JH. These results suggest that older workers may inhibit the corpora allata of younger workers in queenless colonies.     

Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan

Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.     

武汉东湖主要养殖水域的浮游甲壳动物群落分析

报道了1994－1996年武汉东湖水果湖、郭郑湖、汤林湖和后湖4个主要鱼类养殖水域甲壳动物群落结构变化的调查结果,其目的旨在比较4个湖区甲壳动物群落结构的差异,探讨甲壳动物群落变化与鱼类养殖,水生植物及水体富营养化间的关系,结果表明,在东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ站,蚤类平均密度明显低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ站（P＜0．05）,而近邻剑水蚤在3个周年里一直占据桡足类的优势地位。Ⅲ站从1995年,Ⅳ站从1996年起,近邻剑水蚤均取代了广布中剑水蚤成为桡足类的第一优势种。甲壳动物的体长频度分布表明,在3个研究中,11－12月份和1－4月份体长大于1mm的甲壳动物频度均显著高于5－10月份,体长大于1mm的枝角类个体数以Ⅲ、Ⅳ站较多,而大于1mm的桡足则以Ⅰ、Ⅱ站较多。     

Comparative systems biology between human and animal models based on next-generation sequencing methods

Animal models provide myriad benefits to both experimental and clinical research. Unfortunately, in many situations, they fall short of expected results or provide contradictory results. In part, this can be the result of traditional molecular biological approaches that are relatively inefficient in elucidating underlying molecular mechanism. To improve the efficacy of animal models, a technological breakthrough is required. The growing availability and application of the high-throughput methods make systematic comparisons between human and animal models easier to perform. In the present study, we introduce the concept of the comparative systems biology, which we define as "comparisons of biological systems in different states or species used to achieve an integrated understanding of life forms with all their characteristic complexity of interactions at multiple levels". Furthermore, we discuss the applications of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq technologies to comparative systems biology between human and animal models and assess the potential applications for this approach in the future studies.