短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的群体遗传学研究

用扩增片段长度多态性技术分析短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的遗传多态性,在262个中国成都地区汉族无关个体及119个泰国曼谷地区泰人无关个体中分别发现7个和5个等位基因,首次获得该基因座在两群体中的频率分布,其等位基因片段大小范围为100～124bp。两群体的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。该基因座在两群体中的个人识别能力（PD）、杂合度（H）、多态性信息含量（CPI）及非父排除率（PE）分别为0.7038、0.5992、0.4789、0.2900和0.7351、0.5882、0.5012、0.2770。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。χ2检验表明两群体间等位基因频率分布无显著性差异。 Abstract：The polymorphism of a new short tandem repeat (STR) locus D7S2201 was analyzed by using AmpFLP. Seven alleles were observed in 262 unrelated Chinese individuals living in Chengdu and five alleles in 119 unrelated Thai individuals living in Bangkok, the ranges of fragment size were 100～124bp. The genotypes distributions of D7S2201 locus in the two populations were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The discriminating power (PD), observed heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (CPI) and power of exclusion (PE) were 0.7038, 05992, 04789, 02900 in Chinese population and 0.7351, 0.5882, 0.5012, 0.2770 in Thai population respectively. Family studies confirmed Mendelian inheritance of alleles. No significant difference was observed between the two populations.     

棉籽中游离棉酚的含量测定

用紫外分光光度法测定棉籽中游离棉酚的含量。脱除棉酚的棉籽乙醚提取物经石油醚和 75 %乙醇分离和纯化后 ,用 0 .5 %对氨基苯磺酸显色来检测棉籽中游离棉酚的含量 ,结果表明 ,该方法具有简便、重现性好、回收率高达 97%以上等优点 ,可作为棉籽中游离棉酚质量控制方法。     

Honeybee‐assisted wind pollination in bamboo Phyllostachys nidularia (Bambusoideae: Poaceae)?

Floral syndromes and pollination of three species of Phyllostachys bamboos were studied in Central China in 1999 and 2000. All were protogynous. Stigmas were receptive and had pollen deposited on them 2 days before anther dehiscence. The period of anthesis in the three bamboos was 3 days. Individual pollen grains of the three species were similar in size (30–40 μm in diameter) and had features typical of wind-pollinated plants. The ratios of pollen to ovules (p/o ratio) in P . nidularia , P . heteroclada and P . nuda were 6500, 12 700 and 33 000, respectively. Mean pollen loads on each flower (one ovule) of these three species were 7.3, 8.8 and 9.4 grains, respectively. Pollen transfer in P . heteroclada and P . nuda depended on wind, and no flower visitors were seen in the field. However, in P . nidularia , Apis cerana Fab. was a frequent pollen collector observed from 1200 to 1330 h. The visits undertaken by thousands of honeybees resulted in a large number of pollen grains being released from the anthers in a short time (10–15 min) in one day, which accelerated and synchronized the release of pollen from the anthers that seemed to enhance the chance of pollination. Given that honeybees played an indirect role in pollen transfer this could partly explain the low p/o ratio in P . nidularia . Reviewing the literature, we found insect visits to flowers of bamboos were not infrequent phenomena. We suggest pollination efficiency should be considered as one selective factor in attempts to understand mast flowering in bamboo. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 138 , 1–7.     

开放式空气CO2浓度增高对水稻N素吸收利用的影响

在大田栽培条件下,研究空气中CO₂浓度增高(FACE)200μmol·mol^-1对水稻N素吸收及其利用效率的影响.结果表明,FACE处理使水稻不同生育时期的植株含N率显著下降;由于干物质生产量显著增大,FACE处理使水稻不同生育时期的N素累积量有所提高,但无显著影响;FACE处理能够显著提高移栽后28d、抽穗期以及成熟期单位N素的干物质生产效率、单位N素的籽粒生产效率和显著提高水稻的N素收获指数.高N处理的植株含N率、N素累积量均有所增加,但使N素生产效率呈现下降趋势.     

中国碳交易市场的特征、动力机制与趋势——基于国际经验比较

建立和完善碳交易市场是目前各国政府控制温室气体排放、积极应对全球气候变化的重要途径之一,厘清其发展特征和动力是推动碳交易的前提。将碳交易市场作为自然-经济-社会复合生态系统反馈机制的一环,从国际、国内两个尺度对碳交易市场的特征、动力机制和趋势做了分析,发现国际气候谈判的核心利益、减排的融资需求、货币霸权是碳交易市场全球化和金融化的主要驱动力。中国碳交易市场发展具有分阶段、市场规模大、发展不平衡、试点区域构建了碳交易政策体系等特征。鉴于中国经济增速快、碳排放增量大、能源依赖性大、区域发展不平衡、政府主导经济发展和外围保障体系不够完善等因素影响下,国内减排压力和国际声誉作为内在驱动机制,与国际相通的驱动机制共同促使形成具有中国特色的全国统一碳交易市场。同时,中国碳交易市场存在规模和业务扩大、制度更加完善、成为有世界话语权的碳交易市场等发展趋势。     

节能型实验动物屏障设施的新型设计及应用

随着国内、外实验动物的发展,屏障设施的建立和应用越来越广泛。因此,许多单位投入大量资金搞硬件建设,但对设施运行后的节能考虑较少。目前,国内屏障设施的设计多采用分区控制、变频风机、换热器等来考虑节能,但在送、回风形式上并未改变传统的顶送风、四角回风形式,该送、回风形式由于受到平板饲养架的限制,设计上房间的换气次数多为15-20次/h,实际上动物饲养笼内的换气次数远远低于房间的换气次数,不能有效的保证笼内换气。本作者根据国内、外实验动物设施发展趋势,创新研制出定向流系统（已获得实用新型专利证书,专利号：ZL200520069682.8）饲养动物,同时采用动物饲养系统和房间送、回系统分开控制进行节能设计,有效的保证动物笼内换气和节能。该设计为国内首创,应用本设计夏季可节电47.4 kW.h,按工业用电0.8元/h计算,每小时节约运行成本近38元。     

甘菊3个ClSCL6基因的克隆及表达分析

GRAS家族HAM亚家族基因是维持植物茎端分生组织(shoot apical meristem,SAM)未分化状态的重要因子,并影响着植物的成花转化进程。该研究基于转录组数据中甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)HAM亚家族基因同源序列设计引物,利用RT PCR技术从甘菊中克隆得到3个HAM类基因。序列分析结果表明,所克隆的3个基因开放阅读框长度分别为1 845、1 479和1 881 bp,分别编码614、492和626个氨基酸。Blastp分析显示,3个基因的编码蛋白均含有典型HAM亚家族蛋白特征,并与菊科植物黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)SCL6蛋白具有较高的一致性,分别达到了94.39%、91.90%和94.27%。进一步分析表明,3个基因的编码蛋白与所有拟南芥GRAS家族中的SCL6蛋白进化关系最近,故将其分别命名为ClSCL6a、ClSCL6b和ClSCL6c。荧光定量分析显示,3个ClSCL6基因均在甘菊茎中表达量最高,而在根和花中表达量普遍较低。在不同发育时期的花器官中,3个ClSCL6基因均有表达,其中ClSCL6a在管状花花粉散开前达到表达高峰,ClSCL6b和ClSCL6c则在小花蕾时期表达量最高,在其他时期表达水平差异不大。该研究结果为进一步研究ClSCL6在菊花成花转化过程中的功能奠定了基础。     

水位下降对若尔盖泥炭地垂直剖面土壤甲烷产生及厌氧氧化潜势的影响

泥炭地是主要的甲烷（CH₄）排放源,甲烷循环过程对水位变化响应敏感。研究选取两块具有水位差异的泥炭地土壤,通过厌氧培养实验探究水位变化对泥炭地甲烷产生和甲烷厌氧氧化（Methane Anaerobic Oxidation,AOM）潜势的影响,并分析影响其潜势大小的生物地球化学因子。结果显示,高水位泥炭地（0 cm） CH₄产生累积量为（0.89±0.01）μg/g,要显著高于低水位（-30 cm：（0.70±0.03）μg/g）泥炭地甲烷产生量,但低水位AOM累积量要显著高于高水位泥炭地（0 cm：（2829.93±35.99）μg/g）,低水位泥炭地AOM量为（3588.06±24.78）μg/g。通过相关性分析发现甲烷产生潜势与含水量和DOC具有显著相关性,AOM潜势与含水量、pH、DOC具有显著相关性,含水量和DOC是影响若尔盖泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势大小的重要因子。此外,发现高水位泥炭地甲烷产生潜势对温度升高的响应较为明显,特别是表层土壤（0-20 cm）。本研究明确了水位变化对若尔盖泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势的影响特征,估算了全国泥炭地甲烷产生及AOM潜势的大小,以期为减缓全球气候变暖提供一定的理论支撑。     

蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因RNAi转化研究

通过基因沉默技术调控蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因的表达,以期获得低毒蓖麻新材料.利用基因克隆技术获得蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因762 bp片段,命名为RTA基因.进一步利用该基因构建了植物RNAi表达载体pBI-RTA-S-AS,通过农杆菌介导法转化蓖麻子叶节,用卡那抗性筛选转化再生植株,PCR进一步鉴定转基因植株.结果表明:克隆得到目的基因长762 bp,与预期结果一致;卡那抗性筛选和PCR鉴定结果显示,获得了3株转基因阳性植株.     

一种改良的对虾白斑综合征病毒的提纯技术

The envelope proteins of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are very fragile and easy to be destroyed during purification. It was difficult to obtain a large quantity of intact virions by routine sucrose gradient centrifugation. After modifying the sucrose gradient by adding citrate sodium, we can obtain a large quantity of intact virions and nucleocapsids. This purified virions and nucleocapsids were subsequently used for analyzing viral structural proteins and DNA extraction. The result showed that this modified techniaue is very efficient for virus purification.