啤酒抗日光嗅味的研究

啤酒中的３－甲基－２－丁烯－１－硫醇是由光照产生的。减少光照或减少其胶驱物质的产生是降低啤酒日光嗅味的有效途径。酵母和核黄素在ＭＢＴ的形成过程中起到关键作用同,还原酒花苦味物质能从根本上解决啤酒的日光嗅味。     

Large-scale production of a therapeutic protein in transgenic tobacco plants: effect of subcellular targeting on quality of a recombinant dog gastric lipase

A recombinant dog gastric lipase with therapeutic potential for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. We targeted the protein using two different signal sequences for either vacuolar retention or secretion. In both cases, an active glycosylated recombinant protein was obtained. The recombinant enzymes and the native enzyme displayed similar properties including acid resistance and acidic optimum pH. The proteolytic maturation and the specific activity of the recombinant proteins, however, were found to be dependent on subcellular compartmentalization. Expression levels of recombinant dog gastric lipase were about 5% and 7% of acid extractable plant proteins for vacuolar retention and secretion respectively. This expression system already has allowed the production of tens of grams of purified lipase through open-field culture of transgenic tobacco plants.     

Secretion of firefly luciferase in E.coli

Summary A DNA segment carrying the full-length, intronless firefly luciferase gene was inserted into the high expression secretion vector, pIN-III -ompA. Upon induction of gene expression, luciferase activity was detected in extracts prepared from periplasmic fractions. The results indicated that the OmpA signal peptide was able to direct secretion of firefly luciferase across the cytoplasmic membrane. This has important implications for using this luciferase as a reporter in studying protein export and targeting.     

华南五针松叶发育的研究

利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对华南五针松叶的生长和发育进行研究,结果表明:华南五针松叶为单脉序的三棱形针状叶,气孔分布在腹面,为单环型;皮下层一到两层;内皮层明显;转输组织为松型;树脂道三个,出现两个边生、一个中生或缺,三个中生,三个边生,仅二个中生等类型;叶缘的细齿由表皮细胞壁形成。气孔器发育方向是先中央后两端,在部分区域具有合并及不连续的现象。     

Effect of silicon-doped calcium phosphate cement on angiogenesis based on controlled macrophage polarization

Vascularization is an important early indicator of osteogenesis involving biomaterials.Bone repair and new bone formation are associated with extensive neovascu...     

Which Urban Migrants Default from Tuberculosis Treatment in Shanghai,China?

Background

Migration is a major challenge to tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. TB treatment requires multiple drugs for at least six months. Some TB patients default before completing their treatment regimen, which can lead to ongoing infectiousness and drug resistance.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 29,943 active TB cases among urban migrants that were reported between 2000 to 2008 in Shanghai, China. We used logistic regression models to identify factors independently associated with treatment defaults in TB patients among urban migrants during 2005-2008.

Results

Fifty-two percent of the total TB patients reported in Shanghai during the study period were among urban migrants. Three factors increased the odds of a treatment default: case management using self-administered therapy (OR, 5.84, 95% CI, 3.14-10.86, p<0.0005), being a retreatment case (OR, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.25-1.71, p<0.0005), and age >60 years old (OR, 1.33, 95% CI, 1.05-1.67, p=0.017). The presence of a cavity in the initial chest radiograph decreased the odds for a treatment default (OR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.77-0.97, p=0.015), as did migration from central China (OR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.73-0.99, p=0.042), case management by family members (OR, 0.73, 95% CI 0.66-0.81, p<0.0005), and the combination of case detection by a required physical exam and case management by health care staff (OR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.45-0.93, p=0.019).

Conclusion

Among TB patients who were urban migrants in Shanghai, case management using self-administered therapy was the strongest modifiable risk factor that was independently associated with treatment defaults. Interventions that target retreated TB cases could also reduce treatment defaults among urban migrants. Health departments should develop effective measures to prevent treatment defaults among urban migrants, to ensure completion of therapy among urban migrants who move between cities and provinces, and to improve reporting of treatment outcomes.     

中药益智的化学成分研究

采用正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、MCI树脂等层析技术从中药益智95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到13个化合物,运用现代波谱技术分别鉴定为:益智酮甲(1,yakuchinone A)、益智醇(2,oxyphyllacin-ol)、白杨素(3,chrysin)、rhamnocitrin(4)、oxyphyllenodiol A(5)、oxyphyllenodiol B(6)、nootkatone(7)、dehydro-noot-katone(8)、7-epi-teucrenone(9)、oxyphyllenone A(10)、oxyphyllenone B(11)、原儿茶酸(12,protocatechuic acid)和琥珀酸(13,succinic acid)。其中化合物4、13为首次从该植物中分得,化合物8为新的天然产物。     

MicroRNA，lncRNA与神经退行性疾病

综述了microRNA和lncRNA在一些神经退行性疾病病理生理中的作用机制．随着社会生产的发展,人类文明的进步,人口日益老年化,神经退行性疾病正在全球范围内流行,严重地危害着人类的健康．尽管长期的研究使人们对神经退行性疾病有了比较全面和深入的了解,但是其背后隐藏的发病机制仍然是个谜．人类基因组约98%的转录产物为非编码RNA(ncRNA),在生命活动中有着许多鲜为人知的广泛而多样性的生物功能．小分子RNA(microRNA)是研究得相对比较深入的一类小ncRNA,最近2～3年,长非编码RNA(lncRNA)受到人们的重视,已积累了一些相关研究成果．     

第三届国际种子生态学学术研讨会在美国犹他州盐湖城召开

国际种子生态学学术研讨会由国际种子科学学会(International Society for Seed Science, ISSS)主办, 每3年举办一次。第三届国际种子生态学学术研讨会于2010年6月20–24日在美国犹他州的盐湖城举行, 来自30多个国家的150余位种子生态学学者参加了此次学术研讨会。 这次学术研讨会的主题是“Seed and Change”, 分了四个主要议题, 分别是(1)种子生理生态学(seed ecophysiology),探讨在环境中种子休眠和萌发的变化以及这些变化如何受环境调节; (2)种子进化生态学(seed evolutionary ecology),探讨种子在较短和较长的自然选择时间尺度上是如何适应变化的; (3)种子群落生态学(seed community ecology), 探讨种子通过萌发、长期种子库或者传播来对环境产生响应, 包括与传播者、病原体以及其他植物的动态关系; (4)种子恢复和保育生态学(Seed restoration and conservation ecology), 探讨种子在修复受损生态系统中的重要作用, 种子在全球气候变化条件下生物多样性丧失中的作用。 学术研讨会由大会口头报告(52个)和海报(54个)两部分组成。大会的几个特邀报告代表了种子生态学领域的研究前沿。来自美国亚利桑那大学的Larry Venable教授的报告“The seed stage and its importance for desert annuals”通过对美国索诺兰荒漠冬季一年生植物种子萌发、幼苗存活以及土壤种子库动态的研究, 揭示出储藏效应(storage effect)是当地植物的种群密度、物种间共存以及群落结构稳定的促进机制, 种子生态使荒漠一年生植物能够响应气候变化和适应异质性环境, 从而在维持物种共存和群落稳定中扮演关键的角色。来自美国杜克大学的Kathleen Donohue 教授做了题为“Interactions across seed and adult life stages: ecological and evolutionary consequences”的报告, 他们通过实验证实了植物的种子阶段和成年阶段的特征相互作用贯穿整个生活史阶段, 能够影响生活史的表达、遗传表达以及植物对环境的适应性。来自阿根廷Buenos Aires大学的Roberto Benech- Arnold教授做了题为“Modeling and predicting changes in dormancy in soil seed banks”的报告。他在充分分析不同环境因子对土壤种子休眠程度影响的基础上, 将不同环境因子对土壤种子库种群的休眠影响程度进行了定量化分析, 并将这种关系通过模型定量表达。模型的建立能够在入侵杂草的控制和防治等方面具有很好的预测和应用前景。 来自中国的种子生态学工作者也以大会口头报告和海报的形式展示了他们的最新研究进展。中国科学院植物研究所的黄振英研究员在大会上做了“Adaptation strategy of seed dimorphism in desert halophyte Suaeda aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae)” 的口头报告, 他的研究揭示了温带荒漠盐生植物异子蓬二型性种子在传播、休眠和萌发以及耐盐性方面的差异性及其在种群维持和更新中所采取的“两头下注”的生活史对策。中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所的马红媛博士在大会上做“Mechanisms of the glumes affecting seed germination of Leymus chinensis”的口头报告, 报道了颖片的结构及其所含的抑制物在羊草种子休眠和萌发中所扮演的角色的研究进展。中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所的刘志民研究员在大会上做了“Seed bank patterns on active and stabilized sand dunes in eastern Inner Mongolia, China”的口头报告, 报道了对内蒙古流动和固定沙丘种子库格局动态变化受沙埋和风蚀影响的研究结果。中国科学院西双版纳植物园的沈有信博士通过海报形式展示了对“Soil seed banks of Eupatorium adenophora and E. odoratum along roadsides in Yunnan”的研究成果。 会议期间, 参会人员对盐湖城海拔3 000 m以上的高山植被进行了考察, 同时, 会议还组织大家对当地的植物种质保育园、种子工业的加工设备、犹他州联邦政府资助的野生种质资源保存库等地点进行了参观考察。 这次会议为全球的种子生态学工作者提供了学术交流平台, 同时也为种子生态学与植物保育、恢复生态学和全球变化生态学交叉研究提供了交流的桥梁。     

A highly selective and colorimetric assay of lysine by molecular-driven gold nanorods assembly

In this contribution, a simple, rapid, colorimeteric and selective assay for lysine was achieved by a controllable end-to-end assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in the presence of Eu(3+) and lysine. This one-pot end-to-end assembly of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) modified AuNRs was occurred in Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 6.0, which involves the coordination binding between Eu(3+) and COO(-) groups as well as the electrostatic interaction of the COO(-) groups of MUA with the -NH(3)(+) group of lysine. As monitored by absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, the end-to-end chain assembly results in large red-shift in the longitudinal plasmon resonance absorption (LPRA), giving red-to-blue color change of AuNRs. Importantly, it was found that the red-shift of LPRA is linearly proportional to the concentrations of lysine in the range of 5.0×10(-6)-1.0×10(-3)M with the limit of detection (LOD) being 1.6×10(-6)M (3σ/k). This red-shift of LPRA is highly selective, making it possible to develop a rapid, selective and visual assay for lysine in food samples.