二氯苯醚菊酯(除虫精)在茶叶中残留降解动态

在田间条件下,二氯苯醚菊酯(以下简称“二氯”)在茶树新梢上降解缓慢,渗透性弱,在叶表始终保持较高的比例。以原始附着量计算,10%“二氯”3000倍液在茶树鲜叶上的半衰期为0.85天,在成茶中的半衰期为2.8天。反式异构体的降解速度高于顺式。在相同施药剂量条件下,超低容量喷雾的残留量比常量喷雾高85%左右。 由于“二氯”的蒸气压低,因此鲜叶中的“二氯”残留量在加工过程中降解率较低,平均45.2%;由于“二氯”水溶性弱,在泡茶过程中只有3.9—4.7%进入茶汤。 通过室内和田间试验,认为“二氯”是一种适于在茶叶生产中推广应用的优良农药品种。建议茶叶中“二氯”的允许残留标准暂定为3ppm,茶树喷施10%“二氯”5000—6000倍液后的安全间隔期为3天。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞建系技术研究进展

目前,对小鼠胚胎干细胞的研究较为深入,并已成为研究细胞分化及信号转导、新基因发现及功能鉴定、器官发生、人类疾病和药物开发等的有效手段。胚胎干细胞建系是一项基础性工作。虽然技术日趋成熟,有些品系小鼠的胚胎干细胞建系已是常规技术,但不同品系小鼠胚胎干细胞的建系效率仍有很大差异,建系途径和方法各有特点,一个品系胚胎干细胞的建系方法不一定都适用于其他品系。本文从小鼠胚胎干细胞建系的途径、分离操作技术、培养体系等方面进行综述,并就与之相关的有些问题提出思考和对策。     

Endoscopic Biopsy in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Retrospective Study

Background

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) are often located in the deep mucosa or submucosa, and the efficacy of endoscopic biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of GI-NENs is not fully understood.

Objective

The current study analyzed GI-NENs, especially those diagnosed pathologically and resected endoscopically, and focused on the biopsy and cold biopsy forceps polypectomy (CBP) to analyze their roles in diagnosing and treating GI-NENs.

Methods

Clinical data of all GI-NENs were reviewed from January 2006 to March 2012. Histopathology was used to diagnose GI-NENs, which were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

67.96% GI-NENs were diagnosed pathologically by endoscopy. Only 26.21% were diagnosed pathologically by biopsies before treatment. The diagnostic rate was significantly higher in polypoid (76.47%) and submucosal lesions (68.75%), than in ulcerative lesions (12.00%). However, biopsies were only taken in 56.31% patients, including 51.52% of polypoid lesions, 35.56% of submucosal lesions and 100.00% of ulcerative lesions. Endoscopic resection removed 61.76% of GI-NENs, including six by CBP, 14 by snare polypectomy with electrocauterization, 28 by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 15 by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). 51.52% polypoid GI-NENs had infiltrated the submucosa under microscopic examination. CBP had a significantly higher rate of remnant (33.33%) than snare polypectomy with electrocauterization, EMR and ESD (all 0.00%).

Conclusions

Biopsies for all polypoid and submucosal lesions will improve pre-operative diagnosis. The high rate of submucosal infiltration of polypoid GI-NENs determined that CBP was inadequate in the treatment of GI-NENs. Diminutive polypoid GI-NENs that disappeared after CBP had a high risk of remnant and should be closely followed up over the long term.     

小麦条锈菌II类几丁质合成酶基因PstChsII的克隆及表达特征

摘要:【目的】克隆小麦条锈菌几丁质合成酶基因PstChsII,分析其在小麦条锈菌不同发育时期的表达水平。【方法】利用RT-PCR和PCR技术克隆PstChsII的cDNA序列和基因组序列,利用不同的生物信息学软件对序列进行分析,运用实时荧光定量技术分析基因在孢子、芽管以及不同侵染时间的表达水平。【结果】PstChsII基因（Genbank登录号GQ329851）编码区存在15个内含子,开放阅读框长2727 bp,编码908个氨基酸。PstChsII蛋白C端含有7个跨膜螺旋区,N端含多个保守结构域和“QXR     

Perfect Terahertz Absorption with Graphene Surface Plasmons in the Modified Otto Configuration

Perfect terahertz (THz) absorption in the modified Otto configuration with the insertion of monolayer graphene sheet has been numerically demonstrated. This perfect absorption originates from the enhancement of the electrical field owing to the excitation of the transverse magnetic (TM) polarized surface plasmons at the interface of two dielectrics with monolayer graphene. It is found that the absorption peak occurs at the specific incident angles, which can be employed for realizing the angular absorbers. We further demonstrate that the angle of the peak absorption and the corresponding wavelength can be manipulated by changing the Fermi energy of monolayer graphene sheet via electrostatic biasing. Moreover, the behaviors of the perfect absorption are strongly dependent on the dielectric constants and thicknesses of the surrounding dielectrics.     

Salicylic-Acid-Induced Self-excision of the Marker Gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">npt</Emphasis>II from Transgenic Tomato Using the Cre–<Emphasis Type="Italic">loxP</Emphasis> System

The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in genetically engineered crops together with the target gene has generated a number of environmental and consumer concerns. In order to alleviate public concerns over the safety of food derived from transgenic crops, marker gene elimination is desirable. Marker-free transgenic tomato plants were obtained by using a salicylic-acid-regulated Cre–loxP-mediated site-specific DNA recombination system in which the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase nptII and cre genes were flanked by two directly oriented loxP sites. Upon induction by salicylic acid, the cre gene produced a recombinase that eliminated sequences encoding nptII and cre genes, sandwiched by two loxP sites from the tomato genome. Regenerant plants with the Cre–loxP system were obtained by selection on kanamycin media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening. Transgenic plants were screened for excision by PCR using nptII, cre, and PR-1a promoter primers following treatment with salicylic acid. The footprint of the excision was determined by sequencing the T-DNA borders after a perfect recombination event. The excision efficiency was 38.7%. A new plant transformation vector, pBLNSC (Genbank accession number EU327497), was developed, containing six cloning sites and the self-excision system. This provided an effective approach to eliminate the selectable marker gene from transgenic tomato, thus expediting public acceptance of genetically modified tomato.     

苔藓植物提取液对作物种子萌发的影响

用5种苔藓植物配子体的水提液分别培养5种作物种子．实验结果显示;羊角藓(Herpetipheuron toccoae)、山羽藓(Abietinella abietilla)、塔藓(Hylocomium splendens)、细叶金发藓(Polytrichum longisetum)对小麦(Triticum aestivum)、玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max)、落花生(Arachis hypogaea)、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)种子萌发均有不同程度的促进作用。温带光萼苔(Porella platiphylla)则对上述5种作物种子有不同程度的抑制作用。其原因可能是藓类与苔类配子体的主要次生代谢产物或内源激素不同,有待进一步探讨。     

核移植与线粒体

线粒体是哺乳动物的产能、供能细胞器,与生长、发育、衰老和凋亡等多种细胞事件及疾病有关。哺乳动物核移植可能导致克隆胚胎及后代中线粒体的杂合性,从而影响到个体的表型甚至导致线粒体疾病。文章阐明了哺乳动物中线粒体的生物学功能及遗传特性,并分析了核移植中供体细胞和受体卵胞质两种来源的线粒体在同种胚胎细胞核移植、同种及异种体细胞核移植重构胚发育进程中的变化以及可能影响线粒体杂合性的一些因素,对其可能导致的线粒体疾病及解决方法进行了简单的阐述。

     

中国兰科独蒜兰属植物增补

报道了中国兰科独蒜兰属2个未详知种:藏南独蒜兰(Pleione arunachalensis Hareesh, P.Kumar M.Sabu)和矮小独蒜兰[P.humilis (Sm.) D.Don],并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。凭证标本保存于云南省林业和草原科学院植物标本馆(YAF)。     

猪肝刺激物质pHSS对离体肝细胞DNA合成的影响

应用[~3H]TdR掺入离体培养大鼠肝细胞DNA的方法,测定由本室提取的pHSS的生物活性。结果表明,pHSS可显著促进原代培养大鼠肝细胞的DNA合成,其促进率约为对照组的10倍左右。培养液中血清浓度对pHSS的生物活性表达有显著影响,不同浓度血清可以使pHSS表现出不同的量效关系,这些结果在Buffello大鼠肝细胞系的实验中得到进一步证实。在低剂量pHSS的刺激下,不同年龄大鼠肝细胞的[~3H]TdR掺入率无显著差异。但高剂量时,pHSS对幼鼠作用不明显。