石菖蒲提取物及混配剂对水稻褐飞虱的控制研究

为了确定石菖蒲(Acorus gramineus Soland)提取物对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St1的活性及使用浓度,研究了石菖蒲提取物对褐飞虱的触杀毒力,30%石菖蒲乳油及30%石菖蒲扑虱灵混配乳油对褐飞虱的室内盆栽试验及大田试验防治效果。结果表明,石菖蒲提取物对褐飞虱3龄若虫及长翅型雌成虫处理48h后的LD50分别为0.64和0.95μg/头。室内盆栽试验表明:30%石菖蒲乳油30倍、30%石菖蒲扑虱灵混配乳油50倍施药3d后对褐飞虱3龄若虫的校正死亡率分别为85.56%和96.67%。30%石菖蒲乳油20倍、30%石菖蒲扑虱灵混配乳油300倍,施药7d后,对褐飞虱的田间防治效果分别为78.46%和79.76%。     

Midday stomatal conductance is more related to stem rather than leaf water status in subtropical deciduous and evergreen broadleaf trees

Midday depressions in stomatal conductance (g_s) and photosynthesis are common in plants. The aim of this study was to understand the hydraulic determinants of midday g_s, the coordination between leaf and stem hydraulics and whether regulation of midday g_s differed between deciduous and evergreen broadleaf tree species in a subtropical cloud forest of Southwest (SW) China. We investigated leaf and stem hydraulics, midday leaf and stem water potentials, as well as midday g_s of co‐occurring deciduous and evergreen tree species. Midday g_s was correlated positively with midday stem water potential across both groups of species, but not with midday leaf water potential. Species with higher stem hydraulic conductivity and greater daily reliance on stem hydraulic capacitance were able to maintain higher stem water potential and higher g_s at midday. Deciduous species exhibited significantly higher stem hydraulic conductivity, greater reliance on stem capacitance, higher stem water potential and g_s at midday than evergreen species. Our results suggest that midday g_s is more associated with midday stem than with leaf water status, and that the functional significance of stomatal regulation in these broadleaf tree species is probably for preventing stem xylem dysfunction.     

ΦC31整合酶介导猪基因组定点修饰的探讨

高效与特异的基因组定点修饰是基因工程动物研究的前沿与难点.链霉菌噬菌体ΦC31整合酶能介导含attB位点的外源基因定点整合于多种真核生物基因组的假attP位点,可维持外源基因的正常结构及高效表达.本文探讨ΦC31整合酶介导外源基因在猪基因组内定点整合的分子基础.构建含attB位点的报告载体pEGFP-N1-attB,与ΦC31整合酶表达载体pCMV-INT共转染猪肾PK15细胞,G418筛选获得单克隆细胞系.实时荧光定量PCR筛选出单拷贝整合的转基因细胞系.TAIL-PCR鉴定出1个猪基因组假attP位点,位于猪1号染色体,watson链,坐标114220087-114220126,命名为pig-attP-1.测序结果显示,pEGFP-N1-attB在attB位点处断开插入到pig-attP-1.用荧光计测定细胞培养基上清EGFP含量发现,该转基因细胞系EGFP的表达水平是本底的50倍(13500 AU vs.280 AU),表明pig-attP-1是利于外源基因高效表达的"友好位点".该研究不仅为实现外源基因在猪基因组内的定点整合提供了新策略,也为创制基因工程猪、建立动物生物反应器等研究注入了新思路.     

苹果多酚通过下调钙敏感受体改善大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的作用

目的：探究苹果多酚通过下调钙敏感受体（CaSR）表达改善大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的作用。方法：36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低氧诱导组和苹果多酚干预组（n=12）。低氧诱导组和苹果多酚干预组大鼠每天在低氧舱（氧浓度为10%）中间断低氧暴露8 h,对照组在正常环境下饲养,为期四周。建模同时,苹果多酚干预组每日用苹果多酚按200 mg/kg的剂量灌胃,对照组、低氧诱导组用等量生理盐水灌胃,每日1次,共持续四周。建模完成后,检测各组大鼠的肺动脉平均压（mPAP）、肺血管阻力（PVR）、右心室肥厚指数（RVHI）、肺动脉中膜厚度（MT）、WA%、WT%及肺动脉组织中CaSR表达量。结果：低氧暴露组大鼠mPAP、PVR、RVHI、MT、WA%、WT%及肺动脉组织中CaSR表达量均较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）;苹果多酚干预组可改善上述效应。结论：苹果多酚能有效预防大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压,其机制与下调CaSR的表达有关。     

精子sncRNAs在环境暴露相关跨代遗传中的作用

哺乳动物胚胎发育受遗传和表观遗传的共同调控.精子作为重要的雄性生殖细胞,通过受精过程,将这些信息传递给卵子,进而影响子代的发育.精子中携带有丰富的表观遗传信息,其中小非编码RNAs(small noncoding RNAs,sncRNAs)在精子发育不同阶段发挥重要的作用,包括调控基因表达、介导蛋白质翻译,以及参与精子...     

Comparative transcriptome analysis of developmental stages of the Limonium bicolor leaf generates insights into salt gland differentiation

With the expansion of saline land worldwide, it is essential to establish a model halophyte to study the salt‐tolerance mechanism. The salt glands in the epidermis of Limonium bicolor (a recretohalophyte) play a pivotal role in salt tolerance by secreting excess salts from tissues. Despite the importance of salt secretion, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms of salt gland development. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to profile early leaf development using five distinct developmental stages, which were quantified by successive collections of the first true leaves of L. bicolor with precise spatial and temporal resolution. Specific gene expression patterns were identified for each developmental stage. In particular, we found that genes controlling salt gland differentiation in L. bicolor may evolve in a trichome formation, which was also confirmed by mutants with increased salt gland densities. Genes involved in the special ultrastructure of salt glands were also elucidated. Twenty‐six genes were proposed to participate in salt gland differentiation. Our dataset sheds light on the molecular processes underpinning salt gland development and thus represents a first step towards the bioengineering of active salt‐secretion capacity in crops.     

微生物法生产γ-癸内酯的初步研究

研究了耶罗威亚酵母(Yarrowia sp.)转化蓖麻油生成γ-癸内酯的过程.根据菌株的生长特性,确定底物蓖麻油的最适加入时间;分批培养菌体转化,γ-癸内酯产量为2.4 g/L;采用转化液接种进行二次转化,γ-癸内酯产量可提高到4.0 g/L;考察了溶氧条件变化对γ-癸内酯积累的影响.     

生物素化白藜芦醇的分离纯化与药效学评价

以DCC为催化剂,采用低温化学催化法合成生物素化白藜芦醇.产物采用Resourse RPC反相色谱柱分离、纯化,并且运用液质联用进行分析验证.MTT法测定产物体外对Hep G2、MCF-7肿瘤细胞的抑制作用.实验结果显示:通过HPLC-MS、紫外扫描分析鉴定证实,分离得到的产物确实是生物素化白藜芦醇,其保留了原有的体外抗肿瘤活性.此种化学合成方法反应条件温和,容易控制,操作方便.合成得到的白藜芦醇的生物素化衍生物,为下一步探讨白藜芦醇的结合蛋白提供简单有效的分子工具.     

神经元钙稳态失衡在阿尔茨海默病发病中的进展木

淀粉样蛋白的沉积与Tau蛋白磷酸化是阿尔茨海默病发病的关键分子机制,神经元胞内钙离子的变化可影响其生成和代谢;另一方面,这些蛋白的改变会进一步导致神经元钙稳态的失调,致使突触损伤、神经细胞凋亡及认知功能下降.本文就神经元钙稳态失衡在阿尔茨海默病发病中的进展进行综述.