川楝子中两个新的苯丙三醇甙

从川楝子（fruitsofMeliatoosendanSieb．etZucc．）的水溶性成分中分离出两个新的苯丙三醇甙：川楝甙A（3-甲氧基-5-羟基-9－（1’-O-β-D-葡萄糖）-苏式-苯丙三醇）和川楝甙B（4-羟基-7,8-（2’,1’－O－β-D-葡萄糖）-苯丙三醇）;同时首次分离出苏式-愈创木基甘油。通过波谱解析和化学方法确定了它们的结构。     

替代宿主增殖松毛虫质型多角体病毒的比较研究

银纹夜蛾幼虫 (Argyrogrammaagnata)对松毛虫CPV(DpCPV)十分敏感 ,本文对两种不同的宿主增殖松毛虫CPV作了比较 ,电镜证实用替代宿主增殖的DpCPV与原毒株多角体 (CPB)和病毒粒子的形态完全一致。 3 %PAGE分析二者的RNA图谱基本一致 ,有大小相同的 2 .98× 10 6- 0 .6 6× 10 6道尔顿的 10条带 ,用它增殖的DpCPV(Aa DpCPV)对松毛虫有相当的毒力 ,每头 3龄幼虫病毒产量平均为 2 .5× 10 8CPB。     

牛肝菌属卷边组Boletus sect. Appendiculati物种的分子识别

依据牛肝菌属卷边组Boletus sect. Appendiculati内7个物种的核糖体基因rDNA内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列比对,设计5对ITS特异引物,分别用于卷边牛肝菌Boletus appendiculatus与亚卷边牛肝菌B. subappendiculatus、卷边牛肝菌与拟桃红牛肝菌B. pseudoregius、华靛牛肝菌B. roseoflavus与卷边牛肝菌B.?appendiculatus、华靛牛肝菌与华美牛肝菌B. speciosus、拟桃红牛肝菌与华美牛肝菌的相互识别。ITS区段的PCR扩增结果表明,5对ITS特异引物皆成功扩增出可用于辨别这些近缘物种的目的条带。但未能设计出ITS特异引物,以识别华靛牛肝菌与桃红牛肝菌B. regius两个近缘物种。     

酵母双杂交系统的发展及其衍生系统的比较

酵母双杂交及其衍生系统是鉴定及分析蛋白质-蛋白质、蛋白质-DNA、蛋白质-RNA相互作用的最常用、最有效的工具之一。本文系统介绍了该技术的背景、发展过程,以及由Fields和Song初次描述的由酵母双杂交系统衍生而来的几种主要的双杂交系统的特点,并简要比较了各系统的优缺点。     

Serum‐free medium with osteogenic supplements induces adipogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells

Adult BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) contain MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells). MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and myoblasts and are thus considered useful in tissue engineering for therapeutic and clinical purposes. FCS (fetal calf serum) is usually included in the differentiation medium, but the clinical application of FCS may pose a problem for some patients. To improve the efficiency and safety of BMSC cultivation, the effect of SF (serum‐free) conditions on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was examined. In the presence of 10% FCS and osteogenic supplements, the cells formed mineralized von Kossa‐positive deposits. Under SF conditions with osteogenic supplementation, however, the cells possessed cytosolic lipid vacuoles that could be stained with Oil Red O. The mRNA expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ), an adipogenic marker, increased under the SF condition with osteogenic supplements. These data indicate that rat BMSCs differentiate into adipocytes under SF conditions even with osteogenic supplementation and that FCS is needed to induce proper osteogenic differentiation in rat BMSCs.     

Selenite and ebselen supplementation attenuates <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-galactose-induced oxidative stress and increases expression of SELR and SEP15 in rat lens

Selenite and ebselen supplementation has been shown to possess anti-cataract potential in some experimental animal models of cataract, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-cataract effects and the underlying mechanisms of selenite and ebselen supplementation on galactose induced cataract in rats, a common animal model of sugar cataract. Transmission electron microscopy images of lens fiber cells (LFC) and lens epithelial cells (LEC) were observed in d-galactose-induced experimental cataractous rats treated with or without selenite and ebselen, also redox homeostasis and expression of proteins such as selenoprotein R (SELR), 15kD selenoprotein (SEP15), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), β-crystallin protein, aldose reductase (AR) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were estimated in the lenses. The results showed that d-galactose injection injured rat lens and resulted in cataract formation; however, selenite and ebselen supplementation markedly alleviated ultrastructural injury of LFC and LEC. Moreover, selenite and ebselen supplementation could mitigate the oxidative damage in rat lens and increase the protein expressions of SELR, SEP15, SOD1, CAT and β-crystallin, as well as decrease the protein expressions of AR and GRP78. Taken together, these findings for the first time reveal the anti-cataract potential of selenite and ebselen in galactosemic cataract, and provide important new insights into the anti-cataract mechanisms of selenite and ebselen in sugar cataract.     

2,4-二氯苯酚在土壤与河流底泥中降解动力学

以南京化学工业园内四柳河沿岸土壤与河流底泥为研究对象,通过土壤灭菌、温度与污染物初始浓度调控,研究了2,4-二氯苯酚在土壤与河流底泥中降解动力学及其影响因子。结果表明:微生物对2,4-二氯苯酚降解起主导作用,在45d内,非灭菌土壤和河流底泥的降解率分别是灭菌条件下的1.5～3倍、1.4～2.8倍,土壤和河流底泥中的2,4-二氯苯酚微生物降解量分别为0.128～0.599和0.113～0.718mg·kg-1,非灭菌处理半衰期时间短于灭菌处理;(10±1)℃～(30±1)℃范围内,随着温度的增高,2,4-二氯苯酚降解加快,在(30±1)℃土壤与河流底泥中残留量最小,分别为0.305和0.203mg·kg-1,半衰期也最短;土壤与河流底泥中的2,4-二氯苯酚均在其浓度为0.5mg·kg-1时降解最快,随着初始浓度的增加,2,4-二氯苯酚降解速度呈现递减趋势,半衰期增长。     

蝙蝠携带病毒的研究进展

蝙蝠物种丰富,分布广泛,有很强的飞行能力,其中一些蝙蝠种类还有迁飞的习性,与人类接触密切.迄今为止,已在蝙蝠体内分离到80多种病毒,其中一些是多种重大人兽共患疾病的传染源,给人类公共健康和蝙蝠生物保护带来威胁.近年来,一些新病毒病的暴发,老病毒病的重返都与蝙蝠有关,如1994年澳大利亚爆发的亨德拉病毒(Hendra virus)[1,2],1997年澳大利亚爆发的梅南高病毒(Menangle virus)[3],1998年马来西亚爆发的尼巴病毒(Nipah virus)[4],以及Tioman病毒(Tioman virus)[5]等;而人类在防止蝙蝠传播病毒的同时,很可能由于采取的方法不当而对蝙蝠物种的保护构成潜在的威胁.     

TaqMan-MGB探针检测文森巴尔通体博格霍夫亚种实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

【目的】应用TaqMan-MGB探针技术,建立具有种水平特异性、高敏感性的荧光定量PCR方法,用于快速检测文森巴尔通体博格霍夫亚种。【方法】在序列特异性扩增区标记(Sequence characterized amplifiedregion,SCAR)技术基础上,依据文森巴尔通体博格霍夫亚种一段特有的基因序列设计探针和引物,分别优化扩增反应的退火温度、探针和引物的反应浓度;分析此方法的特异性、敏感性及重复性;绘制标准曲线,评估PCR反应的扩增效率和稳定性。【结果】本研究设计的TaqMan-MGB探针具有种水平特异性;最低检出限为每个PCR反应11个拷贝;组内和组间的变异系数CV值分别为0.12%-0.70%和0.14%-0.55%,在允许范围内;标准曲线线性关系良好(R2=1),扩增效率高(E=104.7%)。【结论】本研究建立的基于TaqMan-MGB探针技术的荧光定量PCR方法能够在种水平特异性、高灵敏度检出文森巴尔通体博格霍夫亚种,为这种巴尔通体所引起的一系列疾病的早期快速诊断、监测和流行病学调查等研究提供有效手段。