氨甲酰胆碱(Carbamylcholine)对大鼠缺血心室致颤阈值的影响及其与cAMP、cGMP的关系

本实验以心室颤动阈(VFT)作为心室易颤性的指标,观察胆碱类物质氨甲酰胆碱对大鼠缺血心室 VFT 的影响及其与心肌 cAMP 和 cGMP 水平的关系。实验结果表明,氨甲酰胆碱可提高正常心脏和急性局部缺血心脏的 VFT,提高缺血和未缺血心肌的 cGMP 水平,但明显降低缺血心肌 cAMP 水平,使缺血和未缺血心肌的 cAMP/cGMP 比值显著降低,其作用与肾上腺素正好相反。实验结果还表明,急性局部缺血心脏的 VFT 与缺血心肌 cAMP/cGMP 比值之间有密切的负相关关系,相关系数 r=-0.905(n=22,P<0.001)。上述结果提示缺血心肌 cAMP/cGMP 比值的提高可能是急性心肌梗塞早期发生心室纤维性颤动的重要因素。     

Callus Induction by (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphonic Acid on Cultured Cotton Ovules

The response of cultured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules to the ethylene releasing growth regulator, (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), was measured. Control ovules grown on a complete liquid medium without hormones continued the differentiation normal for cotton, although at a slower rate than in vivo. When ethephon was added to the medium, normal organ and fiber development was inhibited but callus was induced from the micropylar end of the ovule. The callus was extremely friable and produced many free cells in the culture medium. Dry weight of the callused ovules increased over 4-fold and total cell number increased 56% over the controls. Apparently ethylene released from the ethephon stimulated both cell division and cell expansion in forming the callus.     

中国台湾种子植物区系的性质、特点及其与大陆植物区系的关系

台湾位于欧亚大陆东南缘的海洋中,地处热带的北部和亚热带的南部,约为21°45′~15°56′N,119°18′~124°34′E,是中国最大的岛屿。它是受季风气候强烈影响的地区之一,热量丰富,雨量充沛,干湿季明显。具有一个非常丰富的岛屿和山区植物区系。就其种子植物而言,约有186科,1201属,3656 种,包括热带属742属,温带属346属。根据台湾植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和中国特有种的地理分布以及热带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位,台湾地区的植物区系主体具有明显的亚热带性质。中国台湾本地特有种十分丰富,其比例远高于中国特有种的比例。这似乎表明台湾植物区系是一个古老区系在多次地质事件侵袭后又起活化的历史演变的结果。新老成分并存、共同发展是台湾植物区系的重要特点。通过台湾全部属和非特有种在周边地区地理分布的分析,中国台湾植物区系与中国大陆的关系最为密切,是东亚植物区系的重要组成部分,因此在植物分区上应属于泛北极植物区的东亚植物区系。     

Breeding ecology of Styan's Bulbul Pycnonotus taivanus in Taiwan

The breeding ecology of Styan's Bulbul Pycnonotus taivanus , an endemic species in Taiwan, was studied in Kenting, Taiwan. The duration of the breeding season of Styan's Bulbul stretched from March to July in 1983. The average clutch size was 3.3 eggs ( n =34), and hatching success was 60%. The average number of nestlings at hatching was 2.7 per clutch, and 73% of the young fledged. Styan's Bulbuls selected their nest sites among dense vegetation. In the study area, 75% ( n =84) of nests were found in the Indiapoon Beautyleaf tree Calophyllum inophyllum , which had a relative vegetation density of only 33.5%. Factor analysis was used to analyse 13 nest-site characteristics of 63 nests, and five factors accounted for 69% of the variation.     

DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD AND PSYCHOPHYSICAL POWER FUNCTION OF SWEETNESS SENSATION: APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSICS AND PROSPECT THEORY ON FORMULATING BAKING PRODUCTS

The main purpose of this project was to develop the optimal sweetness sensation framework for baking products. Phase 1 was designed to measure consumers' differential thresholds of sweetness sensation when the sweetener contents of various sweetener‐leveled products were increased and lowered by using the constant stimuli method. Results indicated that the consumers' differential thresholds increased when the initial sweetener levels of products increased. Phase 2 was designed to establish the psychophysical power function of sweetener‐content changes and consumers' psychological sensation of products with different sweetener levels by adopting the magnitude estimation method. Regardless of the initial sweetener levels of products, the results showed that consumers perceived the products as less sweet immediately after the sweetener contents of products dropped by even a small amount; however, consumers perceived products as sweeter only when products dramatically increased in contents of sweetener.     

杨木蠹蛾的初步研究

杨木蠹蛾是杨树的主要蛀干害虫,广泛分布于青海省东部河谷地区,为害性很大。 据观察,其在西宁地区三年一代,但需跨经四个年度。幼虫计有16个龄期,于树干内生活约25个月,老龄幼虫脱孔入土栖居约10个月,共历期35个月左右,其间要越冬三次。蛀害阶段分作三大龄群,即新产群、第二年群和第三年群,各龄群逐年演替。其蛀害活动也可大致区别为:边材期、心材期和脱蛀期。成虫夜间活动,趋光性弱,喜择树皮裂伤处产卵,树干1—1.5米的高度内着卵较集中,因而蛀害指数也较大。 药剂防治主要应“卡—关(侵蛀),堵—头(蛀害)”。试验证明,用以下剂量的农药作适期防治,可获较好的防效:(1)5—10月间,幼虫蛀害活动时,用40%乐果乳剂25—50倍液,注孔一次,熏杀中老龄幼虫。(2)6月中下旬至7月下旬,成虫产卵期间,用50%可湿性DDT粉剂25—50倍液或50%倍硫磷乳剂400—500倍液,喷布树干胸段2—3次,触杀初孵幼虫。