β-蜕皮素对家蚕丝腺成长及合成甘氨酸、丙氨酸有关酶系的调节控制

本文研究了植源性β-蜕皮素(简称MH)对家蚕丝腺成长及合成甘氨酸、丙氨酸有关酶系的影响,探讨了5龄不同时期添食β-蜕皮素后丝腺体的成长及后部丝腺和脂肪体中丙氨酸-酮丙二酸、丙氨酸-乙醛酸和鸟氨酸转氨酶活力的变化。通过实验观察到:(1)5龄早期(饷食)添食β-蜕皮素,龄期延长8—9小时,茧层量增加,后部丝腺和脂肪体内丙氨酸-酮丙二酸转氨酶、丙氨酸-乙醛酸转氨酶在处理后6-12小时内,比对照组增高40—50%。随之酶活力略下降,至5龄后期复又升高,明显超过对照组。脂肪体中鸟氨酸转氨酶在β-蜕皮素处理后6小时和48小时均低于对照组。12—24小时以及48小时后直至老熟则明显高于对照组。(2)5龄后期(V—136小时)口腔注射β-蜕皮素,龄期缩短12—18小时。脂肪体和丝腺体中丙氨酸-酮丙二酸转氨酶、丙氨酸-乙醛酸转氨酶活力明显高于对照组(一般增高20—40%),老熟时迅速下降。本文对有关保幼激素和β-蜕皮素对5龄家蚕两种靶细胞(丝腺细胞和脂肪细胞)的相互配合和制约以完成对蚕整体的调节控制,以及这两种昆虫激素应用于蚕业生产以控制5龄期的长短和增加蚕丝产量等方面进行了讨论。     

地里恙螨生活史和交配研究

本文报导在实验室中用集体饲养和单个饲养法所观察的地里恙螨第四代至第五代的生活史。对于卵、次卵、幼虫、若蛹、若虫和成蛹等各期的发育过程与发育时间作了记述;观察了雌雄成虫间接交配的过程, 记录了雄螨产置精胞和受精雌螨产生卵的数量、雌雄螨的不同寿命、以及摄食蚤卵的数量。 文内讨论了各发育期的淘汰率及其因素、卵与次卵、若蛹、成蛹等静止阶段的发育场所及其出现角突和足芽的规律性。 本文还分析了文献上关于恙螨卵壳破裂方式的描述有错误的可能性。 文中附有地里恙螨卵、次卵和卵壳的详图, 并拟就一个较完整的地里恙螨生活史的图解。     

Molecular evolution of a long wavelength-sensitive opsin in mimetic Heliconius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

This study examines the pattern of opsin nucleotide and amino acid substitution among mimetic species 'rings' of Heliconius butterflies that are characterized by divergent wing colour patterns. A long wavelength opsin gene, OPS1 , was sequenced from each of seven species of Heliconius and one species of Dryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). A parsimony analysis of OPS1 nucleotide and amino acid sequences resulted in a phylogeny that was consistent with that presented by Brower & Egan in 1997, which was based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II as well as nuclear wingless genes. Nodes in the OPS1 phylogeny were well supported by bootstrap analysis and decay indices. An analysis of specific sites within the gene indicates that the accumulation of amino acid substitutions has occurred independently of the morphological diversification of Heliconius wing colour patterns. Amino acid substitutions were examined with respect to their location within the opsin protein and their possible interactions with the chromophore and the G-protein. Of the 15 amino acid substitutions identified among the eight species, one nonconservative replacement (A226Q) was identified in a position that may be involved in binding with the G-protein.     

梳角窃蠹的生物学与防治(鞘翅目:窃蠢科)

梳角窃蠹(Ptilinus fuscus Geoffroy)在青海省东部对杨树房木的蛀损最高达78.43%,平均为36.67%;房屋平均蛀危年限为20.46±9.42年.青杨干材的抗弯强度(kg/cm²)与其表面的蛀孔量(孔/200cm²)呈幂函数曲线相关:Y=559.9X^-0.2042.本种窃蠹2年1代.成虫主要发生于6月中、下旬至7月上、中旬;海拔每升高100米,发生期约推迟3.6天左右.成虫发生期喷洒80%敌敌畏200—400倍液4—5次,毒杀成虫有效.管氏肿腿蜂(Scleroderma guani Xiao和Wu)对潜藏在干材深层的窃蠹幼虫和蛹,有较高的寄生力.     

柞蚕细胞色素P-450和酰胺酶的研究

柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi G.)在我国蚕业生产中占有重要地位,防治其病虫害主要靠农药。因此研究蚕体内与农药代谢有关的酶类是有意义的。 微粒体多功能氧化酶系(MFO)起着代谢杀虫剂的中心作用,并与杀虫剂的选择毒性,抗性以及增效现象密切相关。细胞色素P-450(下简称P-450)是MFO的关键成分,     

Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States.Three quarters of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will have early s...