不同CMV分离物侵染寄主的超微结构变化

应用电镜观察了黄瓜花叶病毒CMV不同分离物侵染寄主的细胞 超微结构变化。来自一串红(Salvia splendens)的不含卫星RNA分离物M-22侵染心叶烟,病毒粒子散布于细胞质,在液泡中形成大片病毒粒子结晶,液泡膜边缘产生小泡结构,完整的病毒粒子穿过胞间连丝在细胞间运转,胞间连丝中央部分有扩张现象。自然感染三生烟的含坏死卫星RNA分离物8-S1侵染普通烟,病毒粒子分散于细胞质,在液泡中未观察到结晶体,叶绿体产生囊泡结构,部分病毒粒子处在叶绿体空泡中。田间寄主上受8-S1侵染的三生烟细胞质中分布着大量球形病毒粒子,叶绿体也产生含有病毒粒子的囊泡结构。表明含有卫星RNA和不含卫星RNA的CMV分离物引起的细胞病变特征存在差别,可能是CMV卫星RNA参与病理变化的依据之一。     

Role of microRNA-195 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury

This study aims to investigate microRNA-195 (miR-195) expression in myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and the roles of miR-195 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis though targeting Bcl-2. A mouse model of I/R injury was established. MiR-195 expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. After cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats and transfected with miR-195 mimic or inhibitor, the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model was established. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR. Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) protein levels were determined by Western blot. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were assessed by luciferase assay. Compared with the sham group, miR-195 expression levels and rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis increased significantly in I/R group (both P<0.05). Compared to H/R + negative control (NC) group, rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis increased in H/R + miR-195 mimic group while decreased in H/R + miR-195 inhibitor group (both P<0.05). MiR-195 knockdown alleviated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05). MiR-195 overexpression decreased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, increased BaxmRNA and protein expression, Cyt-c protein expression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities (all P<0.05). While, downregulated MiR-195 increased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, decreased Bax mRNA and protein expression, Cyt-c protein expression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities (all P<0.05). Our study identified that miR-195 expression was upregulated in myocardial I/R injury, and miR-195 overexpression may promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2 and inducing mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.     

ICTV第八次报告的最新病毒分类系统

国际病毒分类委员会(International Committeeon Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)于2005年7月发表了最新的病毒分类第八次报告[1].在这个长达1259页的报告中,将目前ICTV所承认的5450多个病毒归属为3个目、73个科、11个亚科、289个属、1950多个种.     

miR-450a-5p在浆液性卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:检测miR-450a-5p在浆液性卵巢癌中的表达情况,并分析miR-450a-5p的表达与浆液性卵巢癌临床病理特征之间的关系,探讨其在浆液性卵巢癌发生、发展中的意义。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测101例浆液性卵巢癌组织及对照50例正常输卵管伞端组织中miR-450a-5p的表达情况,并分析miR-450a-5p表达水平与临床病理特征之间的关系。实验数据采用统计学软件进行分析。结果:miR-450a-5p在浆液性卵巢癌组织中的表达量显著低于正常输卵管组织对照组(P0.01)。miR-450a-5p的表达水平与浆液性卵巢癌临床病理特征之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:miR-450a-5p可能作为抑癌基因,在卵巢癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,进一步的研究有望为浆液性卵巢癌的早期诊断及个体化治疗提供新的理论依据。     

美洲鲥仔稚鱼异速生长模式研究

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采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) methods were applied to detect genetic variation of 20 bulking samples and two individually sampled populations of Oryza granulata (Nees et Arn. ex Watt.) from China (M5 from Hainan Province and M27 from Yunnan Province). For the bulking sampled populations, 20 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers generated 209 and 122 bands, of which 134 (64.11%) and 89 (72.95%) were polymorphic respectively. For population M5, 146 and 95 bands were generated with 21.48% and 34.78% being polymorphic (PPB). For population M27, 151 (PPB = 17.22%) and 94 (PPB = 19.15%) bands of RAPD and ISSR were obtained. The results indicated that the level of genetic variation of O． granulata was lower than other species detected in the genus Oryza. UPGMA cluster based on genetic similarity and principle component analyses (PCA) based on band patterns divided the populations into two groups corresponding to their sources, which revealed that the majority of genetic variation of O. granulata occurred between Hainan and Yunnan. Consequently, more populations of the species should be considered for a reasonable conservation management. Comparison between the two marker systems showed that ISSR was better than RAPD in terms of reproducibility and ability of detecting genetic polymorphism. Mantel test revealed that the goodness of fit between them was significant (r=0.917, t=12.718) when detecting genetic diversity at species level, but was poor at population level (r<0.200). The discrepancy was considered as the facts that different fragments were targeted by RAPD and ISSR, and that evolutionary process of O. granulata varied at different hierarchical levels.     

水氮处理对冬小麦生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响

采用完全随机裂区设计,研究不同灌水(0、900、1200、1500 m³·hm^-2)和施氮(0、90、150、210、270 kg·hm^-2)处理对田间冬小麦生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响.结果表明：冬小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥利用效率和氮肥生产效率均随灌水量的增加而增加;氮肥利用效率和生产效率均随施氮量的增加而降低;施氮量在0~150 kg·hm^-2时,冬小麦籽粒产量、氮吸收量和氮收获指数随施氮量增加而增加,超过150 kg·hm^-2时不再显著增加;随灌水量的增加,冬小麦耗水量和整体水分利用效率增加,降水和土壤供水量占耗水量的比例及灌溉水利用效率降低;随施氮量的增加,降水和灌水量占耗水量的比例降低,土壤供水占耗水量的比例增加,整体水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率先增加后降低,且均在施氮150、210和270 kg·hm^-2处理间无显著差异.综合考虑各因素,本试验条件下,生育期灌水1500 m³·hm^-2、施氮150 kg·hm^-2的处理为产量和效益兼优的最佳水氮组合.     

ICTV第八次报告的最新病毒分类系统

国际病毒分类委员会（International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV）于2005年7月发表了最新的病毒分类第八次报告。在这个长达1259页的报告中,将目前ICTV所承认的5450多个病毒归属为3个目、73个科、11个亚科、289个属、1950多个种。在亚病毒感染因子下设类病毒、卫星和朊毒,其中类病毒有2个科、7个属;卫星病毒有2个亚组,卫星核酸有3个亚组;     

氮-硫沉降对邓恩桉及杉木人工林凋落物C和N残留率的影响

采用二次正交回归旋转设计,以Na2S04为硫源、46％CO（NH2）2为氮源模拟氮一硫沉降,分析了不同氮一硫沉降水平下邓恩桉（Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden）和杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb．）Hook．]人工林凋落物中C和N残留率的动态变化,并采用Olson指数模型对c和N分解模型进行拟合。结果表明：在不同氮一硫沉降水平下,在1年内随处理时间延长邓恩桉和杉木凋落物的C和N残留率总体上均呈下降趋势;且N较难释放,总体表现为“释放一富集一释放”的动态过程;但在不同氮一硫沉降水平下及不同处理时间凋落物中C和N残留率均有极显著差异（P〈0．01）。凋落物中C和N分解的Olson指数模型的相关性总体上达到极显著或显著（P〈0．05）水平;邓恩桉和杉木凋落物中C和N的平均分解系数分别为0．877和0．208、0．704和0．600,平均周转期分别为3．148和15．877a,4．090和4．947a,显示凋落物中C释放速率大于N,杉木凋落物的C周转期大于邓恩桉但其N周转期则小于后者。在Na2SO4164kg·hm-1·a-1的水平下,氮沉降对邓恩桉凋落物的C和N释放及杉木凋落物的N释放有促进作用,但对杉木凋落物的C释放有抑制作用;在46％CO（NH：）：150或256kg·hm-2·a-1。的水平下,硫沉降也具有同样的作用。随分解时间的延长,邓恩桉凋落物的C／N值呈波动但总体减小的趋势,而杉木凋落物的C／N值呈波动趋势;但在不同氮一硫沉降水平下凋落物的C／N值均有极显著差异,且邓恩桉凋落物C／N值的变化幅度总体上大于杉木凋落物。     

福建中亚热带常绿阔叶林物种多样性的空间格局

对福建中亚热带不同区域、不同海拔梯度的常绿阔叶林群落进行物种多样性测定 ,结果表明 :(1 )在 6个区域中 ,乔木层的物种多样性指数平均值高于灌木层的平均值 ;对丰富度指数 ,太平乔、灌木层 (R1、R2 )最高 ,茂地 (R1、R2 )最低 ;对多样性指数 ,乔木层夏道 (D1、H1)最高 ,土堡 (D1)、茂地 (H1)分别最低 ,灌木层峡阳(D2 )、大洋 (H2 )分别最高 ,太平 (D2 、H2 )最低 ;对均匀度指数 ,乔木层中茂地 (E1、J1)最高 ,土堡 (E1、J1)最低 ,灌木层峡阳 (E2 )、大洋 (J2 )分别最高 ,太平 (E2 、J2 )最低 ;不同区域乔木层的物种多样性指数曲线变化比灌木层缓和 ;(2 )在 6个海拔梯度群落 ,对乔木层物种数和丰富度指数在海拔 2 0 0～ 40 0m(S1、R1)最高 ,对灌木层在海拔 60 0～ 80 0m(S1、R1)最高 ;对乔、灌木层物种数和丰富度指数在海拔 1 0 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(S1、S2 、R1、R2 )最低 ;对多样性指数 ,在乔木层中在海拔 2 0 0～ 40 0m(D1、H1)最高 ,在海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(D1、H1)最低 ,在灌木层中在海拔 60 0～ 80 0m(D2 、H2 )最高 ,海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(D2 、H2 )最低 ;对均匀度指数 ,乔木层中在海拔 10 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(E1、J1)最高 ,在海拔 80 0～ 1 0 0 0m(E1、J1)最低 ,灌木层中在海拔 1 0 0 0～ 1 2 0 0m(E2 )