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Populations of carrot (Daucus carota) were raised over a widerange of densities (795763 plants m-2) to examine thedynamics of competition in terms of yielddensity relationshipsand size variability, and to investigate the effects of nutrientsupply on competition. While the relationship between shootyield and density was asymptotic, the relationship between rootand total yield and density tended to be parabolic. For a giventime and density series the relationship between yield per unitarea and density could best be described by the model: y=wmD(1+aD)b wherey is the yield per unit area,D is density,wm, a andb arefitted parameters. The parameterswm anda increased over timebut nutrient availability affected onlywm. An extension of thebasic yield-density model is proposed to describe the dynamicsof the yielddensity relationship over time: y=kD[1+cexp(-rt)]{1+ 相似文献
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DNA synthesis in the light perturbation period and its relationto the reappearance, due to light perturbation, of once faded-out"light interruption rhythm" in a long-day duckweed, Lemna gibbaG 3, were studied. After long continuous darkness, the duckweedincorporated 3H-thymidine into both nuclear and satellite DNAsunder a light condition, but into satellite DNA alone undera dark condition. The number of dividing cells in frond epidermisincreased in proportion to the length of the light perturbationperiod. This increase was inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.From these and previous results we conclude that nuclear DNAnewly synthesized in the light is intimately related with thereappearance of the rhythm. (Received June 15, 1970; ) 相似文献
15.
YURIKO HASEGAWA SUMIKO NEGISHI JUNKO NAITO RIE IKEDA HIROYUKI HASEGAWA YOICHI NAGAMURA 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1999,12(4):275-282
In order to clarify the cause of ommochrome deficiency in an albino strain of the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare, levels of xanthom-matin, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and tryptophan in whole body extracts of the albino and the wild type individuals were determined together with enzyme activities of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase, kynureninase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. Xanthommatin could not be detected in the albinos. The levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were determined by high-performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection and were markedly low in the albinos compared with the wild type individuals. In contrast to those, the tryptophan levels determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection did not differ significantly between the two phenotypes. In the albino A. vulgare, kynurenine-3-hydroxylase activity was lower and kynureninase activity was higher than in the wild type, although the differences were not statistically significant. Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase activity in the albinos was less than 10% that in the wild type. Thus, ommochrome deficiency in the albino A. vulgare is considered to be caused by the extremely low activity of tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. 相似文献
16.
KENTARO TAKAGI KARIBU FUKUZAWA† NAISHEN LIANG‡ MASAZUMI KAYAMA MUTSUMI NOMURA HAJIME HOJYO SADAO SUGATA HIDEAKI SHIBATA TATSUYA FUKAZAWA§ YOSHIYUKI TAKAHASHI‡ TATSURO NAKAJI‡ HIROYUKI OGUMA‡ MASAYOSHI MANO¶ YUKIO AKIBAYASHI TAKESHI MURAYAMA TAKAYOSHI KOIKE KAICHIRO SASA YASUMI FUJINUMA‡ 《Global Change Biology》2009,15(5):1275-1288
To evaluate the effects on CO2 exchange of clearcutting a mixed forest and replacing it with a plantation, 4.5 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements of CO2 fluxes and soil respiration measurements were conducted in a conifer-broadleaf mixed forest in Hokkaido, Japan. The mixed forest was a weak carbon sink (net ecosystem exchange, −44 g C m−2 yr−1 ), and it became a large carbon source (569 g C m−2 yr−1 ) after clearcutting. However, the large emission in the harvest year rapidly decreased in the following 2 years (495 and 153 g C m−2 yr−1 , respectively) as the gross primary production (GPP) increased, while the total ecosystem respiration (RE) remained relatively stable. The rapid increase in GPP was attributed to an increase in biomass and photosynthetic activity of Sasa dwarf bamboo, an understory species. Soil respiration increased in the 3 years following clearcutting, in the first year mainly owing to the change in the gap ratio of the forest, and in the following years because of increased root respiration by the bamboo. The ratio of soil respiration to RE increased from 44% in the forest to nearly 100% after clearcutting, and aboveground parts of the vegetation contributed little to the RE although the respiration chamber measurements showed heterogeneous soil condition after clearcutting. 相似文献
17.
Screening test on anti-oxidation activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was performed for 99 ethanol extracts of 85 species of natural thalli of lichens in order to find novel anti-oxidation compounds.The 17 extracts of natural thalli showed high anti-oxidation activity.Among them,the activities of extracts from Hypogymnia vittata,Peltigera aphthosa,Nephromopsis ornata,Pseudevernia furfuracea,Cladonia vulcani and Peltigera elizabethae were higher.Extracts of Peltigera spp.showed higher activity than those of other genera.The ethanol extract of P.aphthosa had been separated into ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions.Two anti-oxidative spots were found only in the water-soluble fractions by thin-layer chromatography.The compound in the lower spot had the same Rf value,UV spectrum,and color as authentic solorinine that was previously found as a unique quaternary ammonium compound from Peltigera spp.We now report that the hydrophilic lichen substance,solorinine showed a nearly same anti-oxidation activity(EC50=120?mol/Lol/L) as standard antioxidant Trolox(EC50=150?mol/L). 相似文献
18.
MIKA MURATA HIROYUKI MATSUKI RYOHEI YAMAOKA SUMIO TOJO 《Insect Science》2006,13(3):211-216
The pre-calling behavior of female adults of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in southern Japan and southeastern Asian countries was investigated. Most females started calling on days 1-4 after adult emergence. In three populations obtained in Saga prefecture in Kyushu mainland, Japan, two different patterns of pre-calling period (PCP) were observed: one was the above-mentioned pattern shown by most individuals, and the other was a pattern in which females sexually matured within several hours after emergence. Diel periodicity was shown in the time of calling activity, and its pattern varied among the populations. Pre-calling period was stable over successive generations in the laboratory. 相似文献
19.
为了进一步明确家蚕和野桑蚕的亲缘关系,收集了中国和日本的一些家蚕和野桑蚕品种资源,提取了家蚕和野桑蚕的总mRNA,通过RT-PCR克隆了家蚕和野桑蚕线粒体DNA (mtDNA)的细胞色素氧化酶亚基1基因(cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene, COⅠ)和NADH-6基因,并制备探针进行了DIG-RFLP检测。结果表明,中国和日本的家蚕与中国野桑蚕的COⅠ和NADH-6基因的DIG-RFLP的分子多态性相同,但与日本野桑蚕存在差异。此结果从线粒体水平证实了中国和日本的家蚕都起源于中国野桑蚕,而不是起源于日本的野桑蚕。 相似文献
20.
HIROYUKI SAITOH KAZUHIKO HIGUCHI EIICHI MIZUKI & MICHIO OHBA 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1998,12(1):98-102
Japanese isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis were screened for larvicidal activity against the mosquito Anopheles stephensi , the urban malaria vector of the Indian subcontinent. Among more than 30 strains identified, larvicidal activity causing >80% mortality in 72 h was demonstrated for 41/1449 (2.8%) isolates. The majority of strains and isolates (97.2%) exhibited little or no larvicidal activity. Anopheles -active strains belonged to more than 12 H serotypes, especially H3ade (serovar fukuokaensis ) and H44 (serovar higo ). SDS-PAGE profiles of inclusion proteins showed 4 distinct types among 6 active strains examined. The most active Japanese isolates were H20 strain 89-T-34-14 (LC50 4.4 μg/ml) and H44 serovar higo strain 74-E-45-24 (LC50 7.6 μg/ml), respectively, 13-fold and 23-fold less active than the international standard H14 serovar israelensis (LC50 0.33 μg/ml). 相似文献