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1.
HIROFUMI DOI 《Development, growth & differentiation》1984,26(1):49-60
The skeletal structure of the embryo is represented by the graph. In the graph, the cells and the connectivities between the cells are reduced to the nodes and edges, respectively. Along cleavage history, the series of graphs is obtained. In this paper I propose a new graph developmental system(GDS) which develops the series of graphs. And I represent and analyze the cleavage pattern of the ascidian egg by GDS. In order to represent it by GDS, at first, the connectivities between the cells are labeled according to the developments of the connectivities at the next time step, and next the cells are labeled. But there are two ways of labeling the cells, then two types of GDS are defined: (1) to label according to the pattern of the connectivities of their descendant cells after two time steps (G-GDS), (2) to label according to the cell fates (C-GDS). The C-GDS of the ascidian egg produces 16 cleavage patterns at 64-cell stage non-deterministically. If some labels are distinguished at 16-cell stage, the C-GDS becomes deterministic at 64-cell stage.
GDS will be useful to simulate morphogenesis by the computer graphics. 相似文献
GDS will be useful to simulate morphogenesis by the computer graphics. 相似文献
2.
MASAHISA NAKAMURA KEIICHIRO YAMAGUCHI AKIRA SUZUKI SHOICHI OKINAGA KIYOSHI ARAI 《Development, growth & differentiation》1986,28(5):499-504
Round spermatids (steps 1–8) were isolated from rat testes and glucose transport into the cells was examined. The exposure of spermatids to glucose resulted in an extremely low level of ATP. In contrast, the level of ATP remained constant in the presence of pyruvate. Transport of a glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-D-[3 H]glucose ([3 H]dGlc) into spermatids was correlated with intracellular levels of ATP and was much greater in cells with higher rather than lower levels of ATP. [3 H]dGlc transport into spermatids with low levels of ATP was partially reversed when the cells were incubated with pyruvate. Inhibition of [3 H]dGlc transport was exerted on Vmax and not on Km. Moreover, glucose acted as a competitive inhibitor of [3 H]dGlc uptake (Km increased; Vmax unaltered). These results suggest that glucose transport into spermatids is active in vitro and probably regulated by the intracellular level of ATP. 相似文献
3.
SHIGEKO SUZUKI-MORIMOTO YOSHIHIRO YAMAMOTO TAKEO YAMAGUCHI 《Development, growth & differentiation》1985,27(6):729-736
Hydrocortisone is regarded as an initiator of keratinization in embryonic skin. The present investigation dealt with the effect of hydrocortisone on the proliferation of epidermal cells during early development: Cell kinetic analyses using 3 H-thymidine autoradiography were applied to a skin organ culture prepared from a 13-day chick embryo.
Hydrocortisone at a concentration between 0.01 and 1.0 μg/ml was effective in initiating a morphological change leading to the epidermal keratinization in vitro and caused a marked decrease in the mitotic and labeling indices of epidermal basal cells, the decrease being maximum at 2 days of culture previous to the morphological change.
During continuous labeling with3 H-thymidine, the number of labeled basal cells reached 100% within 2 days in the control and 4 days in the culture treated with hydrocortisone. This confirmed that the growth fraction of epidermal basal cells was 1.0 even after the administration of hydrocortisone.
The duration of each cell cycle phase at 2 days of culture was determined by percent labeled mitoses and double-labeling analyses. It was concluded that hydrocortisone extended the generation time of epidermal basal cells at this time point about three fold over the control. This extension was mainly due to the elongation of the G1 phase. 相似文献
Hydrocortisone at a concentration between 0.01 and 1.0 μg/ml was effective in initiating a morphological change leading to the epidermal keratinization in vitro and caused a marked decrease in the mitotic and labeling indices of epidermal basal cells, the decrease being maximum at 2 days of culture previous to the morphological change.
During continuous labeling with
The duration of each cell cycle phase at 2 days of culture was determined by percent labeled mitoses and double-labeling analyses. It was concluded that hydrocortisone extended the generation time of epidermal basal cells at this time point about three fold over the control. This extension was mainly due to the elongation of the G
4.
Eisenia bicyclis, Arame, was allowed to photosynthesize in seawatercontaining H14CO3, and 14C-mannitol was isolated fromits fronds. The ratio of 14C-total/14C1 + 14C6 in the 14C-mannitolwas found to be about 8.0 at 1 min-illumination, but graduallydecreased with time to 3.0, showing uniform radioactivity distribution.Mannitol therefore seems to be formed in brown algae throughthree carbon compounds. Enzymes which may be involved in the possible biosynthetic pathwayof mannitol, i.e. aldolase, hexose diphosphatase, mannitol-1-phosphataseand glucosephosphate isomerase were present in extracts fromseveral brown algae. Some of their properties are discussed.
1Contribution from the Shimoda Marine Biological Station ofTokyo Kyoiku University, No. 187.
2Present address: Reseach Institute, Seikagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.,Yamato-machi, Kitatama-gun, Tokyo, Japan. (Received December 13, 1968; ) 相似文献
5.
MITSUNARI NAKAJIMA ICHIZO SHINODA YOSHIKO SAME JIMA HIROFUMI MIYAUCHI YASUO FUKUWATARI HIROTOSHI HAYASAWA 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1996,9(5):235-239
The effects of bovine milk proteins on melanogenesis in B16 cells were examined. Both whey protein isolate and casein exhibited depigmenting properties. Among the major protein components of milk—including β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, α-, β-, and k-casein—only K-casein exhibited the depigmenting effect. However, the carboxyl terminal peptide of K-casein, glycomacropeptide, did not show this activity. Also, K-casein promoted the proliferation of the cells and inhibited the activity of tyrosinase in the cells. These results indicate that K-casein acts as a melanogenesis-suppressing modulator. 相似文献
6.
In thigh bones isolated from a Rana catesbeiana tadpole which has been kept in a 5 × 10−8 M thyroxine solution for several days, the rate of 14 C-leucine incorporation into protein becomes higher than that in the thigh bones of control animals. Intraperitoneal injection of prolactin also results in an increase in the rate of 14 C-leucine incorporation into protein in the thigh bones at a rate very similar to that in thyroxine-treated animals. In the thigh bones of the thyroxine-treated tadpoles, the rate of 14 C-proline incorporation into protein is markedly higher than that of control animals. Prolactin treatment of the tadpoles also causes an increase in the rate of 14 C-proline incorporation, but the rate is lower than that found in thyroxine-treated animals. The injection of prolactin into thyroxine-treated tadpoles fails to cause further increase in the rates of incorporation of these amino acids into protein. In the thigh bones of tadpoles at the climax of metamorphosis, prolactin injection does not cause any increase in the rates of 14 C-labeled proline and leucine incorporation, whereas both rates become slightly higher in the thigh bones of thyroxine-treated tadpoles at this stage. The thigh bones probably become insensitive to prolactin when they are exposed to thyroxine. 相似文献
7.
Establishment of the Embryo-derived Stem (ES) Cell Lines from Mouse Blastocysts: Effects of the Feeder Cell Layer. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The ES ceii lines are embryo-derived stem cell lines directly isolated from the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts using feeder cell layer. We have established a number of ES cell lines from 129 or C57BL/6 strain mice by using the feeder layer of the STO cells (from ATCC) or the primary embryonic fibroblasts, which was obtained by trypsinizing the 16-day-old BALB/c mouse fetus. The ES cell lines established on the STO feeder layer showed differentiation into various tissues in solid tumors when injected into syngenic mice. Karyotype was, however, nearly tetraploid. The ES cell lines established on the primary fibroblasts exhibited differentiation into larger variety of tissues in solid tumors. Karyotype was almost diploid and majority of the cells kept normal set of chromosomes in G-banding. We conclude that the primary fibroblasts are better feeder layer than the STO cells for establishment and maintenance of the ES cell lines. 相似文献
8.
N. YASUDA S. NAGAI S. YAMAGUCHI C. L. LIAN M. HAMAGUCHI 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(1):43-45
We isolated nine polymorphic microsatellites from the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. These loci provide one class of highly variable genetic marker as the number of alleles ranged from six to 22, and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.136 to 0.909 and from 0.553 to 0.954, respectively. We consider that these loci are potentially useful for detailing the genetic structure and gene flow among R. philippinarum populations. 相似文献
9.
S. NAGAI G. NISHITANI S. YAMAGUCHI N. YASUDA C. L. LIAN S. ITAKURA M. YAMAGUCHI 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(6):993-995
We isolated 15 polymorphic microsatellites from one of the most noxious red tide‐causing dinoflagellate species, Heterocapsa circularisquama. These loci provide one class of highly variable genetic markers, as the number of alleles ranged from two to six, and the estimate of gene diversity was from 0.205 to 0.684 across the 15 microsatellites. These loci have the potential to reveal genetic structure and gene flow among H. circularisquama populations. 相似文献
10.
G. NISHITANI S. NAGAI S. SAKAMOTO C. L. LIAN C. K. LEE T. NISHIKAWA S. ITAKURA M. YAMAGUCHI 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(5):827-829
We isolated 15 polymorphic microsatellites from Cochlodinium polykrikoides. These loci provide a class of highly variable genetic markers, as the number of alleles ranged from two to 15, and the estimate of gene diversity was from 0.083 to 0.880 across the 15 microsatellites. We consider that these loci have a potential to reveal the genetic structure and gene flow among C. polykrikoides populations. 相似文献