Wheat germ lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols in non-aqueous media

The lipase from wheat germ was used for the kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols. It has the opposite enantioselectivity against the Kazlauskas rule and acts as an anti-Kazlauskas catalyst. The effect of initial water activity, organic solvent, acyl donor and temperature were investigated. Wheat germ lipase had a high activity and enantioselectivity only in n-hexane with a high initial water activity (α_w = 0.97), especially with 1-phenylethanol (C 32%, E > 200). Its performance changed little with the chain length of acyl donor and temperature. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

银杏叶提取物抗实验性血栓模型大鼠的作用及机制

目的:研究银杏叶提取物对血栓模型大鼠血栓形成,血小板聚集及血浆中一氧化氮(NO),环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)和前列环素(PGI2)的影响.方法:100只SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组,分别ig给予5gL-1的CMC-Na,100mg.Kg-1阿司匹林(Asp),42,21,10.5mg.Kg-1银杏叶提取物连续4w.建立大鼠动静脉旁路血栓模型,观察药物时血栓形成的影响,比浊法观察对ADP诱导的血小板聚集的作用,按试剂盒方法检测药物对血浆中NO,cGMP,PGI2的影响.结果:银杏叶提取物可显著抑制血栓形成和血小板聚集率,升高血浆中NO,cGMP,PGI2浓度,高剂量组效果优于阿司匹林组.结论:银杏叶提取物具有抗血栓作用.     

吸入麻醉药神经保护作用机制研究进展

吸入麻醉药是全身麻醉中常用的一类麻醉药.研究发现吸入麻醉药在发挥麻醉作用的同时,对手术过程所致的脑组织缺血/再灌注损伤也有保护作用,但具体机制还未完全阐明.本文将对吸入麻醉药可能的神经保护作用机制进行综述.     

Exploring the obscure profiles of pharmacological binding sites on voltage-gated sodium channels by BmK neurotoxins

Diverse subtypes of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) have been found throughout tissues of the brain, muscles and the heart. Neurotoxins extracted from the venom of the Asian scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch (BmK) act as sodium channel-specific modulators and have therefore been widely used to study VGSCs. α-type neurotoxins, named BmK I, BmK αIV and BmK abT, bind to receptor site-3 on VGSCs and can strongly prolong the inactivation phase of VGSCs. In contrast, β-type neurotoxins, named BmK AS, BmK AS-1, BmK IT and BmK IT2, occupy receptor site-4 on VGSCs and can suppress peak currents and hyperpolarize the activation kinetics of sodium channels. Accumulating evidence from binding assays of scorpion neurotoxins on VGSCs, however, indicate that pharmacological sensitivity of VGSC subtypes to different modulators is much more complex than that suggested by the simple α-type and β-type neurotoxin distinction. Exploring the mechanisms of possible dynamic interactions between site 3-/4-specific modulators and region- and/or species-specific subtypes of VGSCs would therefore greatly expand our understanding of the physiological and pharmacological properties of diverse VGSCs. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and structural diversity of VGSCs as revealed by studies exploring the binding properties and cross-competitive binding of site 3- or site 4-specific modulators in VGSC subtypes in synaptosomes from distinct tissues of diverse species.     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶A的表面展示及酶学性质研究

采用a凝集素作为载体蛋白,首次将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶A展示在酿酒酵母细胞表面,通过MD平板筛选获得表面展示型的CALA酵母工程菌株。免疫荧光检测显示CALA被成功展示在酵母细胞壁表面,重组子经诱导后能在三丁酸甘油酯板上形成透明圈,说明展示的CALA具有活性。重组酵母在液体培养基培养72 h,活性达到最高,为80.4 U/g干细胞。酿酒酵母展示的CALA最适温度及pH值为70°C和pH 8.0。经50°C保温2 h,仍含有60%水解酶活力。展示的CALA在pH 7.0和pH 8.0溶液中比较稳定。经DMSO处理2 h,展示的CALA仍保持70%的活性。以上结果表明酵母展示的CALA可作为一种有潜质商业用途的全细胞催化剂。     

Glucose inhibits root meristem growth via ABA INSENSITIVE 5, which represses PIN1 accumulation and auxin activity in Arabidopsis

Glucose functions as a hormone‐like signalling molecule that modulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of glucose in root elongation remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that high concentrations of glucose reduce the size of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation and thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, we verified the involvement of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) in this process by showing that abi5‐1 is less sensitive to glucose than the wild type, whereas glucose induces ABI5 expression and the inducible overexpression of ABI5 reduces the size of the root meristem zone. Furthermore, the inducible overexpression of ABI5 in PIN1::PIN1‐GFP plants reduces the level of PIN1‐GFP, but glucose reduces the level of PIN1‐GFP to a lesser extent in abi5‐1 PIN1::PIN1‐GFP plants than in the PIN1::PIN1‐GFP control, suggesting that ABI5 is involved in glucose‐regulated PIN1 accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that ABI5 functions in the glucose‐mediated inhibition of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation, thus leading to reduced auxin levels in roots.     

‘砀山酥梨’及其褐色果皮芽变PbXET基因克隆与表达分析

为研究‘砀山酥梨’及其褐皮芽变木葡聚糖转葡糖苷酶基因(PbXET)表达水平差异,该实验利用RACE技术,克隆了梨PbXET基因;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了梨树叶片、果皮和果肉等不同组织及花后不同时期果皮中PbXET基因表达差异。结果表明:(1)梨PbXET3(KJ690921)和PbXET4(KJ690922)开放阅读框分别为903bp和891bp,分别编码300和296个氨基酸;氨基酸序列聚类分析显示,PbXET3与苹果MdXET-3以及PbXET4与苹果MdXET-5的亲缘关系最近。(2)半定量PCR分析显示,花后150d,PbXET3和PbXET4基因在‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’不同组织中均有表达,且PbXET3在叶片中表达量很低,在果皮、果肉中表达相对较强,其中叶片中PbXET3表达量低于PbXET4,而果肉和果皮中PbXET3的表达均明显高于PbXET4。(3)荧光定量PCR分析发现,在‘砀山酥梨’和‘锈酥’果皮中,PbXET3和PbXET4基因不同时期的表达量变化趋势不同;与‘砀山酥梨’相比,果皮颜色发生变化(花后100d)之后,‘锈酥’果皮中PbXET3表达量骤减;而果皮颜色发生变化(花后100d)之前,PbXET4表达量均显著降低。由此推测,PbXET3和PbXET4基因参与了‘锈酥’果皮褐色形成的调节,其表达水平差异可能是改变‘锈酥’表皮细胞结构的重要原因之一。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯对辣椒烟粉虱的影响

化学农药仍是目前蔬菜烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci防控的重要措施,研发有效的非化学措施防控烟粉虱是蔬菜绿色生产亟待解决的问题。本文以苏椒15号（感性品种）和新苏椒五号（抗性品种）辣椒Capsicum annuum L.为对象,通过在辣椒上喷施茉莉酸甲酯,研究外源茉莉酸甲酯对烟粉虱发育历期、存活率、消化酶活性和田间烟粉虱种群动态的影响。研究发现,取食茉莉酸甲酯处理的辣椒后烟粉虱的发育历期显著延长、存活率明显下降。其中取食感性品种辣椒和抗性品种辣椒的烟粉虱发育历期分别延长7.66 d和9.66 d,存活率分别下降10.5%和9.89%;取食感性品种辣椒的烟粉虱主要是延长卵期、4龄若虫期和伪蛹期,而取食抗性品种辣椒的烟粉虱各历期均延长。外源茉莉酸甲酯对烟粉虱体内消化酶的活性也有明显的影响,取食茉莉酸甲酯处理的辣椒后烟粉虱的消化酶活性显著下降,取食感性品种辣椒和抗性品种辣椒24 h后,胰蛋白酶活力分别较对照下降了61.86%和45.0%,糜蛋白酶活性分别较对照下降了47.29%和40.11%。大田辣椒上喷施茉莉酸甲酯后,烟粉虱的种群数量迅速下降,但在抗性品种和感性品种上烟粉虱的校正虫口减退率没有明显的差异。研究发现,外源茉莉酸甲酯处理,可以延缓烟粉虱的发育速率,降低胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性,对田间烟粉虱种群也有较好的控制作用。     

FISH分析栽培高粱×拟高粱、甜高粱×拟高粱的染色体行为

采用荧光原位杂交技术对45S rDNA在栽培高粱×拟高粱、甜高粱×拟高粱F1的有丝分裂和减数分裂染色体进行定位研究。在有丝分裂中期染色体上2个杂种分别检测到2个杂交信号, 在减数分裂粗线期、终变期、中期Ⅰ染色体上45S rDNA位于一个二价体上, 说明这两个杂种携带45S rDNA的染色体为同源染色体。根据45S rDNA位点随细胞减数分裂过程的位置变化, 表明这两个杂种染色体配对行为正常, 平均构型为2n=2x=20(10Ⅱ), 证明45S rDNA可作为染色体的一个识别指标间接地观察细胞减数分裂过程染色体的变化行为。