水稻内生放线菌OsiRt-1的分离鉴定及对稻瘟病的防治作用

【目的】从水稻中分离、筛选并鉴定出对稻瘟病真菌具有拮抗性能的内生放线菌,对高抗菌株进行稻瘟病生防效果评定,初步探讨其作用机制。【方法】采用4种分离培养基对水稻内生放线菌进行分离,用平板对峙法筛选出对稻瘟病菌拮抗性能最好的菌株,结合其菌落形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析进行鉴定;用环境扫描电镜(SEM)观察拮抗菌对稻瘟病菌菌丝形态影响,用菌丝生长速率法对拮抗菌发酵滤液进行抗菌活性评价;大田条件下,喷洒拮抗菌孢子液于水稻,检测其稻瘟病控制效果;同时,对拮抗菌进行产酶和次级代谢产物分析,检测其聚酮合酶基因(PKSⅡ型)和非核糖体多肽合成酶基因(NRPS)。【结果】从1 800个水稻样品中分离出117株内生放线菌,从中筛选出拮抗性能最好的菌株Osi Rt-1,鉴定为米修链霉菌Streptomyces misionensis。该菌株使稻瘟病菌菌丝出现畸形,其无菌滤液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为28.06%;大田条件下,Osi Rt-1对水稻苗瘟、穗瘟均有较好防效,其中对苗瘟防效为7.76%,穗瘟防效高达25.65%,损失率降低了17.46%。与之对应,Osi Rt-1处理过的水稻地上部分,Osi Rt-1所占内生放线菌的比例明显高于未处理水稻。该菌株具有可能降解真菌细胞壁的纤维素酶、蛋白酶活性,同时可产生植物生长促进剂铁载体、IAA、ACC脱氨酶。菌株Osi Rt-1呈现PKSⅡ型和NRPS阳性。【结论】菌株Osi Rt-1是一株具生防潜力的内生放线菌,在农业上具有实际研发价值。     

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phase Synchronization during Epileptogenesis in Amygdala-Kindling Mice

The synchronization among the activities of neural populations in functional regions is one of the most important electrophysiological phenomena in epileptic brains. The spatiotemporal dynamics of phase synchronization was investigated to reveal the reciprocal interaction between different functional regions during epileptogenesis. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded simultaneously from the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the cornu ammonis 1 of hippocampus (CA1) and the mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus (MDT) in the mouse amygdala-kindling models during the development of epileptic seizures. The synchronization of LFPs was quantified between BLA, CA1 and MDT using phase-locking value (PLV). During amygdala kindling, behavioral changes (from stage 0 to stage 5) of mice were accompanied by after-discharges (ADs) of similar waveforms appearing almost simultaneously in CA1, MDT, as well as BLA. AD durations were positively related to the intensity of seizures. During seizures at stages 1~2, PLVs remained relatively low and increased dramatically shortly after the termination of the seizures; by contrast, for stages 3~5, PLVs remained a relatively low level during the initial period but increased dramatically before the seizure termination. And in the theta band, the degree of PLV enhancement was positively associated with seizure intensity. The results suggested that during epileptogenesis, the functional regions were kept desynchronized rather than hyper-synchronized during either the initial or the entire period of the seizures; so different dynamic patterns of phase synchronization may be involved in different periods of the epileptogenesis, and this might also reflect that during seizures at different stages, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of phase synchronization were different.     

失血性休克大鼠离体淋巴管对P物质的反应性

目的:应用离体淋巴管灌流技术,观察失血性休克(HS)发展进程中淋巴管对P物质(SP)的反应性。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(仅麻醉与手术)和HS组(通过股静脉放血至平均动脉血压为40 mmHg,复制HS模型,分为休克0h、0.5 h、1 h、2h、3 h五个亚组)。各组在相应时间点分离胸导管,制备淋巴管,3 cmH2O跨壁压下行离体灌流,分别给予从低到高浓度的SP,测量淋巴管收缩末期口径、舒张末期口径、收缩频率(CF)和被动管径,计算收缩幅度(CA)、泵流分数(FPF)和紧张指数(TI),以给予SP前后淋巴管的CF、TI、CA、FPF的差值△CF、△TI、△CA、△FPF作为评价淋巴管对SP反应性的指标。结果:Shock 0 h与shock 0.5 h大鼠淋巴管对多个或一个SP浓度的△CF、△TI、△CA、△FPF显著高于对照组,shock 2 h淋巴管对SP的△CF(3×10-7mol/L)、△TI(1×10-7mol/L)以及shock 3 h淋巴管对SP的△CF(1×10-7mol/L、3×10-7mol/L)、△TI(1×10-7mol/L)、△CA(1×10-7mol/L)均显著低于对照组。结论:休克淋巴管对SP反应性呈双相变化,即早期升高,晚期降低。     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属一新种及M. planata种团种类检索表（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述采自中国西藏的钩瓣叶蜂属 Macrophya Dahlbom 1新种:尖盾钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya acutiscutellaris Wei, Li & Heng sp. nov.。简要讨论了M. planata 种团的特征,编制了M. planata 种团已知种类分种检索表。该新种与在中国墨脱和印度那加兰邦地区分布的拟平盾钩瓣叶蜂M. pseudoplanata Saini et al., 1996最近似,但新种的雌虫体长13.5 mm,后足胫节端部1/3完全黑色,触角2.5倍长于头宽,单眼后区宽长比为1.6,雄虫抱器向顶部弱度变窄等,与后者不同。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

Nitric oxide and ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced depression of central respiratory-like activity in brain slices

Infection may result in early abnormalities in respiratory movement, and the mechanism may involve central and peripheral factors. Peripheral mechanisms include lung injury and alterations in electrolytes and body temperature, but the central mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, brainstem slices harvested from rats were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide at different doses. Central respiratory activities as demonstrated by electrophysiological activity of the hypoglossal rootlets were examined and the mechanisms were investigated by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. As a result, 0.5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide mainly caused inhibitory responses in both the frequency and the output intensity, while 5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide caused an early frequency increase followed by delayed decreases in both the frequency and the output intensity. At both concentrations the inhibitory responses were fully reversed by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (20 μM), and by inhibition of ATP- sensitive potassium channels with glybenclamide (100 μM). These results show that direct lipopolysaccharide challenge altered central respiratory activity in dose- and time- related manners. Nitric oxide synthase and ATP-sensitive potassium channels may be involved in the respiratory changes.     

Clara cell 10-kDa protein gene transfection inhibits NF-κB activity in airway epithelial cells

Background

Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) is a multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Induction of CC10 expression by gene transfection may possess potential therapeutic effect. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a key role in the inflammatory processes of airway diseases.

Method/Results

To investigate potential therapeutic effect of CC10 gene transfection in controlling airway inflammation and the underlying intracellular mechanisms, in this study, we constructed CC10 plasmid and transfected it into bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells and CC10 knockout mice. In BEAS-2B cells, CC10''s effect on interleukin (IL)-1β induced IL-8 expression was explored by means of RT-PCR and ELISA and its effect on NF-κB classical signaling pathway was studied by luciferase reporter, western blot, and immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of endogenous CC10 on IL-1β evoked IL-8 expression was studied by means of nasal explant culture. In mice, CC10''s effect on IL-1β induced IL-8 and nuclear p65 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. First, we found that the CC10 gene transfer could inhibit IL-1β induced IL-8 expression in BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, we found that CC10 repressed IL-1β induced NF-κB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκB-α but not IκB kinase-α/β in BEAS-2B cells. Nevertheless, we did not observe a direct interaction between CC10 and p65 subunit in BEAS-2B cells. In nasal explant culture, we found that IL-1β induced IL-8 expression was inversely correlated with CC10 levels in human sinonasal mucosa. In vivo study revealed that CC10 gene transfer could attenuate the increase of IL-8 and nuclear p65 staining in nasal epithelial cells in CC10 knockout mice evoked by IL-1β administration.

Conclusion

These results indicate that CC10 gene transfer may inhibit airway inflammation through suppressing the activation of NF-κB, which may provide us a new consideration in the therapy of airway inflammation.     

Experimental Pathogenicity of a Clinical Isolate of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichosporon dermatis</Emphasis> in a Murine Model

The pathogenicity of Trichosporon dermatis isolated from skin lesions of a patient has been examined in mice. Balb/c mice were treated with two intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide on days 4 and 1 and one subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg dexamethasone on day 1 pre-inoculation, and then challenged with 0.2 ml T. dermatis inoculum (1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml) by topical application on an abrasive wound in the dermabrasive group and by hypodermic injection in the subcutaneous group. In the intravenous group, 0.2 ml of high (1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml) or low (1 × 10⁷ CFU/ml) inoculum was injected into the tail vein. Histopathology and inverse fungal culture were performed on the skin lesion and viscera, and renal fungal burden was also determined. Inoculated sites developed localized infections after dermabrasive and subcutaneous challenge in all mice, but the maximum area of skin lesions, and number of positive cultures from the lesions, were higher for immunocompromised mice. In the intravenous group, all immunocompetent animals survived during the four-week period, whereas 100 and 70% of immunocompromised animals died by 3 and 5 days in the high and low-inoculum groups, respectively. The incidence of disseminated infection and the renal fungal burden of immunocompromised mice were higher than those of immunocompetent mice. Our results demonstrate that subcutaneous and intravenous injection of T. dermatis can successfully establish cutaneous and systemic infection models in immunocompromised mice, with the kidney and lung being most susceptible.     

毛缺沟姬蜂雌性内生殖器官的结构及其发育

报道了毛缺沟姬蜂Lissonota setosa(Geoffroy)成虫雌性内生殖器官的结构及其发育的系统观察结果.雌性成虫内生殖器官包括一对卵巢、两条侧输卵管、一条中输卵管、一个受精囊和一个附腺.成虫期卵巢生长速度随日龄是先加快后变慢.成虫期内其它生殖器官一般随日龄的增长而增大,达到一定程度后基本保持稳定.     

中国云南镞果实蝇亚属三新种记述(双翅目,实蝇科)(英文)

本文记述了镞果实蝇亚属云南3新种。新种模式标本保存于中国检验检疫科学研究院动植物检疫所,北京。