外源腐殖酸对三种土壤磷吸附与解吸特性的影响

通过对3种土壤（红壤、棕壤和褐土）施入不同腐殖酸的室内培养试验,探讨了外源腐殖酸对不同土壤磷素吸附和解吸的影响。结果表明：与对照土壤相比,不同腐殖酸降低了3种供试土壤磷素的吸附量,其降低顺序为：褐土＞红壤＞棕壤;外源腐殖酸提高了红壤和棕壤磷素的解吸量和解吸率,提高的幅度与腐殖酸的种类有关;而腐殖酸对褐土磷素的解吸量则无明显促进作用。表明外源腐殖酸对3种土壤磷素吸附-解吸作用最强的为红壤,其次为棕壤,最弱的为褐土;同时表明腐殖酸可提高红壤和棕壤磷素的利用率。     

复合诱变在青霉高产菊粉酶菌株选育中的应用

以Penicillium sp．B01为出发菌株,经吖黄素或DES（硫酸二乙酯）分别与^60Co-γ射线对其孢子悬液进行复合诱变。经过初筛和复筛,在30μg／mL吖黄素诱变时间2h,剂量率为4．11Gy／min的^60Co-γ射线辐射使累计剂量为20．55Gy复合诱变的条件下,筛选出一株菊粉酶活比出发菌株高32％的突变菌株B01-A13-Co31。经同工酶电泳验证,变异株与出发菌株相比酶带有所变化。将此菌种连续传代6次进行产酶性能的稳定性测定,表明此菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

基于NOAA PAL数据集的地表蒸散遥感估算方法

基于NOAA AVHRR气象卫星长时间序列10 d合成的PAL数据集（分辨率8 km×8 km）以及地表能量平衡原理和“VI-T_s”方法,建立了地表蒸散的遥感估算方法,该方法不需要地面气象观测数据的支持,所需参数可直接从遥感数据反演或推算,并选择国际上著名的遥感蒸散模型——SEBS模型对新建模型进行了验证比较.结果表明：新建模型和SEBS模型模拟的地表蒸散值及其季节性变化趋势非常一致,说明新构建模型的模拟结果比较可靠,能够反映地表蒸散的实际情况.新建地表蒸散遥感估算模型可操作性强,为利用长时间序列的卫星遥感数据研究我国乃至全球地表蒸散的时空变化规律提供了一个新的途径.     

Persistence of accuracy of genome-wide breeding values over generations when including a polygenic effect

Background

When estimating marker effects in genomic selection, estimates of marker effects may simply act as a proxy for pedigree, i.e. their effect may partially be attributed to their association with superior parents and not be linked to any causative QTL. Hence, these markers mainly explain polygenic effects rather than QTL effects. However, if a polygenic effect is included in a Bayesian model, it is expected that the estimated effect of these markers will be more persistent over generations without having to re-estimate the marker effects every generation and will result in increased accuracy and reduced bias.

Methods

Genomic selection using the Bayesian method, ''BayesB'' was evaluated for different marker densities when a polygenic effect is included (GWpEBV) and not included (GWEBV) in the model. Linkage disequilibrium and a mutation drift balance were obtained by simulating a population with a Ne of 100 over 1,000 generations.

Results

Accuracy of selection was slightly higher for the model including a polygenic effect than for the model not including a polygenic effect whatever the marker density. The accuracy decreased in later generations, and this reduction was stronger for lower marker densities. However, no significant difference in accuracy was observed between the two models. The linear regression of TBV on GWEBV and GWpEBV was used as a measure of bias. The regression coefficient was more stable over generations when a polygenic effect was included in the model, and was always between 0.98 and 1.00 for the highest marker density. The regression coefficient decreased more quickly with decreasing marker density.

Conclusions

Including a polygenic effect had no impact on the selection accuracy, but showed reduced bias, which is especially important when estimates of genome-wide markers are used to estimate breeding values over more than one generation.     

中国三节叶蜂属(膜翅目,三节叶蜂科)一新种及Arge xanthogaster种团东亚种类检索表(英文)

记述采自记述中国三节叶蜂科三节叶蜂属1新种:白尾晴腹三节叶蜂Arge albocaudalica Wei,Yan et He.sp.nov..本种与Arge xanthogaster (Cameron,1876)很相似,但腹部黑褐色,端部2节背板和锯鞘黄白色;后翅臀窒柄短于后翅M室长,锯鞘背面观内侧切口很小,深度明显短于锯鞘侧叶端部宽;锯腹片14刃,第2节缝最长粗刺毛约等长于锯节宽度的3/4,节缝粗毛每节约9个,第8节缝最长粗刺毛等宽于该处锯节宽.定义了Arge xanthogaster种团,编制了该种团东亚地区已知种类检索表.     

蒙古东戈壁盆地万利特凹陷特1井早白垩世孢粉组合

将东戈壁盆地万利特凹陷特1井划分为三个孢粉组合:1.Cicatricosisporites-Classopollis-Piceaepollenites-Piceites组合,2.Perinopollenites-Cycadopites-Pinaceae-Walchiites组合;3.Laevigatosporites-Lygodiaceae-Peri-nopollenites组合,根据孢粉组合特征推测第一个孢粉组合倾向于早白垩世最早期Berriasian期,但也不排除属于晚侏罗世的可能,第二个组合为早白垩世Berriasian-Valanginian期,第三个孢粉组合为早白垩世Hauterivian-Barremian期.     

中国出尾蕈甲属一新种一新纪录种(英文)

描述了采自中国陕西省1新种,周氏出尾蕈甲Scaphidium zhoushuni sp.nov.,采自中国西藏自治区的中国1新纪录种Scaphidium dureli(ACHARD),1922,并给出了上述2种的整体图和特征图.模式标本保存在上海师范大学标本馆.     

青海湖国家级自然保护区水鸟的多样性及分布

青海湖国家级自然保护区为国际重要湿地,其野生候鸟种群曾于2005年感染高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1,对当地野生鸟类种群及牛态环境造成很大威胁.作者于2007年3-12月.采用直接计数法,对该保护区鸟类资源进行凋查.本次考察共记录到鸟类57种,隶属8目14科.其中留鸟2种,迷鸟3种,夏候鸟7种,迁徙路过鸟41种,冬候鸟4种,其中54种鸟类为水鸟.     

半定规划鲁棒不可行性研究

本文给出了一种判别半定规划鲁棒不可行的准则,通过该准则我们可判断模型对输入数据是否敏感,进而决定是否应该利用鲁棒优化建模的方法对模型进行重新建模,使其所求解具有鲁棒性.避免了所给模型在实际应用中存在较大的风险性,为更好的应用鲁棒优化建模方法提供了理论依据.     

两个NIH小鼠种群对不同种类的乙肝疫苗免疫应答效应的比较

目的比较两种不同的NIH小鼠种群基因组DNA中H-2q单倍型的百分比,对重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（酿酒酵母）、重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（CHO）、重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（汉逊酵母）和治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗（乙克）免疫应答的影响。方法检测乙肝疫苗免疫效力用酶标法,测定乙肝疫苗的ED50值,再通过微量细胞毒法和PCR方法检测小鼠的H-2单倍型,计算不同品系小鼠H-2q的百分数,得出乙肝疫苗与不同动物种群的相关性。结果经验证,经1号NIH小鼠检测结果证实,重组基因乙型肝炎免疫效力依次为CHO〉汉逊〉酿酒,疗性乙型肝炎疫苗（乙克）效力检测合格,但经2号NIH小鼠检测结果显示除CHO疫苗合格外,其他三种疫苗检测结果均为不合格。基因检测结果为,1号种群NIH鼠含有H-2q型基因的百分比是96%,而2号种群NIH小鼠含有H-2q型基因基因百分比为30%,因此不同的q型基因百分比导致了不同的检测结果。结论根据本研究结果表明虽然NIH鼠的H-2单倍型中有q型基因,但不同来源的小鼠种群之间会存在差异,经不同的环境饲养后,小鼠的基因会发生不同的变化,因此在进行生物制品检定时,要注意不同品系小鼠及同一品系小鼠不同种群之间的差异对试验本身的影响。建立一种＂动物免疫＂的概念。