In vitro stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in immature embryonic chick pelvic cartilage by adenosine

Cyclic AMP content in embryonic chick pelvic cartilage increases significantly as the embryo ages from 8 to 10 d. This in ovo elevation in cyclic AMP content precedes maximal cartilage alkaline phosphatase activity by some 24 h. We studied whether this temporal relationship may be causally related, using an in vitro organ culture. Incubation of pelvic cartilage from 9- and 10-d embryos in medium containing monobutyryl cyclic AMP (BtcAMP) resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity (220 and 66 percent, respectively) as compared to that of cartilages incubated in medium alone. This stimulation was both concentration- and time-dependent with maximal response at 0.5 mM BtcAMP and 4-h incubation, respectively. Similar incubations of cartilage in medium containing 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX), 0.25 mM, also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity (114 percent). However, pelvic cartilage from 11-d embryos incubated in medium containing BtcAMP or MIX showed no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. We postulated that developmental age was the factor responsible for this difference in response and that immature cartilage (that with little or no alkaline phosphatase activity) would respond to BtcAMP whereas mature cartilage (that with significant alkaline phosphatase activity) would not. This was tested by incubating end sections of 11-d cartilage, which have little alkaline phosphatase activity, and center sections, which have significantly alkaline phosphatase activity, with both BtcAMP and MIX. Alkaline phosphatase activity in end sections (immature cartilage) was stimulated by BtcAMP and MIX, whereas it was not stimulated in the center sections. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited BtcAMP and MIX stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, the in vitro data suggest that cyclic AMP is a mediator for the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in embryonic cartilage.     

酵母亚细胞结构分离效率评估菌株的构建 *

背景: 真核细胞依赖其亚细胞结构高效地完成复杂的生化反应。尽管目前有一些亚细胞结构分离技术,但却缺乏评估这些分离技术的简单、有效方法。目的: 构建可以用来检测亚细胞结构分离效率的酿酒酵母菌株。方法: 通过传统的分子生物学与细胞生物学方法以酿酒酵母为背景构建了亚细胞结构分离效率评估菌株,并进行可行性检测。首先,将酵母各细胞器、自噬体及质膜的标记蛋白进行分组,用不同的蛋白标签分别标记每组蛋白。然后,以标记蛋白-GFP/RFP作为对照组通过免疫荧光法检测蛋白标签对标记蛋白的亚细胞定位是否有影响。最后,通过非连续性密度梯度离心验证该检测菌株能否用来检测亚细胞结构的分离效率。结果: 成功构建了酵母亚细胞结构分离效率评估菌株,该菌株标记了大多数酵母细胞亚细胞结构。挂标签的标记蛋白仍然定位在各自标记蛋白对应的亚细胞结构。非连续性密度梯度离心后,酵母各个亚细胞结构的标记蛋白均可以被检测到。结论: 该酵母亚细胞结构分离效率评估菌株是检测各亚细胞结构分离结果的方便工具,对今后酿酒酵母细胞生物学的研究有潜在的应用价值。     

湖北省潜水蜂一新种（膜翅目：潜水蜂科）

潜水蜂属Agriotypus Curtis全世界共报道8种,其中我国已知4种。本文新添一采自湖北省房县的新种:郑氏潜水蜂A.zhengi sp.nov。     

水分胁迫导致小麦叶片光合作用下降的非气孔因素

小麦幼苗根部在不同渗透势溶液(PEG4000)中经受不同时间胁迫,叶片的RWC和水势下降、膜的RP、R_s和C_i升高。同时P_n下降。它还使叶肉细胞内的叶绿体排列发生紊乱、膜受到破坏、基粒间的连接松驰或消失、类囊体片层肿胀和解体、脂质小球增多和淀粉粒消失。相应地叶片的RuBPC活性下降和GO活性升高,从而促进了C_i的累积。此外MDA含量增多是自由基诱发脂质过氧化的结果。这些非气孔因素可能是造成小麦光合作用下降的重要原因。     

The HIV epidemic in China： history, response, and challenge

The first case of AIDS was reported in 1985 in China, but by the early 21st century, the government estimated that there were 840,000 citizens living with HIV/AIDS. The number is increasing rapidly. The major risk groups are injection drug users （IDUSs; 43%） and former plasma donors （27%）, but rates among heterosexual groups are rising rapidly. Sentinel surveillance was initiated in 1986, and now includes IDUs, men-who-have-sex-with-men, sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees, antenatal women, long-distance truck drivers, and sex workers. Although the government was slow to respond to the epidemic in the late 20th century, it has made a vigorous response in the early 21st century. Components of that response include implementation and evaluation of harm reduction programs for IDUs, education to increase knowledge and reduce stigma, treatment and social support for rural and poor HIV/AIDS patients, widespread testing, and increased funding for HIV/AIDS programs. International agencies have been generous in their support of the government initiatives. To successfully combat the epidemic, China needs to develop and train the necessary infrastructure to implement its intervention programs, particularly in the rural areas, to vigorously combat stigma and discrimination, support research especially in the universities and research institutions other than the China Centers for Disease Control, develop a system for efficient exchange of research and program information, and update legislation to reflect the current situation.     

幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原的可溶性表达及其多克隆抗体的制备和分析*

目的:利用原核表达和蛋白质纯化技术获得高纯度的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原(rCagL),利用其制备anti-CagL多克隆抗体,并分析抗体的特异性。方法:通过生物信息学软件分析rCagL的抗原结构;利用PCR长片段DNA合成技术合成不含有信号肽序列的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL基因,将其插入表达质粒pCzn1中,构建重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL。然后,将pCzn1-rCagL转入大肠杆菌Arctic Express中,经IPTG诱导表达后,通过Ni-IDA镍离子亲和层析纯化重组抗原rCagL,利用Western blot鉴定rCagL与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体的免疫反应性;最后,通过rCagL辅以弗氏佐剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备anti-CagL多克隆抗血清,通过ELISA方法分析抗血清的特异性。结果:生物信息学软件表明重组抗原rCagL具有较好的抗原性质;重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL经双酶切和基因测序等技术鉴定,证实rCagL核苷酸序列与理论序列完全一致;基因工程菌株pCzn1-rCagL/Arctic Express在低温11℃条件经IPTG诱导表达。 SDS-PAGE实验结果证实:rCagL可实现相对高效地可溶性蛋白表达,可溶性蛋白约占包涵体的62.07%。经Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化,可获得高纯度rCagL,纯度约为96.6%。Western blot结果证实:重组抗原rCagL可特异性与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体结合。ELISA结果证实:经rCagL免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体anti-CagL可特异性识别rCagL和H. pylori裂解物,具有较高的抗体特异性。结论:重组抗原rCagL在低温条件下可实现可溶性表达,经纯化可获得高纯度抗原蛋白;rCagL具有较好的抗原性,制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的免疫特异性,为发展H. pylori相关诊断试剂奠定了实验基础。     

基于Taqman-MGB探针的亚稀褶红菇实时荧光定量PCR检测方法

本研究建立了一种基于Taqman-MGB探针的亚稀褶红菇Russula subnigricans实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。根据亚稀褶红菇与其近似种的内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacers,ITS）序列差异,设计合成1对引物和1条特异性Taqman-MGB探针,并用常见有毒红菇种类进行验证。结果显示,引物特异性良好,仅亚稀褶红菇出现荧光信号,完成整个检测过程只需2h。该法能够为毒蘑菇中毒的快速检测提供技术支持。     

青海省鼠疫的防控策略

鼠疫曾给人类带来3次世界性灾难,剥夺了上亿人的生命。作为危害人类健康最为严重的烈性传染病之一,鼠疫的防控工作显得尤为重要。新中国成立后,党和政府大力开展鼠疫防控工作,开展流行病调查,制定各项防控措施。虽然全国范围在较短的时间内遏制了鼠疫流行的猛烈势头,但在西部地区人间鼠疫时有发生。青海省地处我国西部,就其鼠疫流行特征制定了适合本地鼠疫的防控模式。本文就“青海模式”的工作机制、调查监测、宣传教育、人员培训、隐患排查等进行介绍,阐述青海省鼠疫防控工作的成效,为中国传染病防控策略发展提出新的思考。     

去N端信号肽的水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白E的原核可溶性表达及其免疫原性评价

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella zoster virus,VZV)糖蛋白E(glycoprotein E,gE)是VZV亚单位疫苗的主要候选蛋白,但目前原核表达系统制备的gE蛋白以包涵体形式为主,可溶性差。本研究采用去除第1～30氨基酸序列的VZV gE胞外域基因,将其与原核表达载体pET32a连接,并转化至感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中。使用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(Isopropylβ-D-thiogalactoside,IPTG)诱导表达,His-tag柱纯化重组gE蛋白,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测其特异性。用该重组gE蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和间接免疫荧光法检测多克隆抗体效价及特异性。结果显示,BL21/pET32a-VZV gE工程菌可以表达可溶性重组gE蛋白,纯化后纯度约为90%。WB鉴定该重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性。ELISA检测显示小鼠抗VZV gE多克隆抗体效价＞1∶10 000,间接免疫荧光实验结果显示该抗体特异性较高。结果表明,本研究在原核表达系统中成功表达可溶性重组VZV gE蛋白,同时该蛋白具有较强的免疫原性,这为VZV gE亚单位疫苗的研制和大规模生产奠定了基础。     

细叶百合LpPEX7基因克隆及盐胁迫下的表达特性分析

从细叶百合的鳞茎中克隆出过氧化物酶体生物合成蛋白基因（LpPEX7）,该基因ORF全长957 bp,编码318个氨基酸。LpPEX7蛋白序列包含6个WD40保守结构域,通过同源蛋白序列比对和进化树分析,发现LpPEX7与其他植物的PEX7蛋白具有较高的同源性。LpPEX7基因在细叶百合种子,叶片和鳞茎中的表达量比较高,在根和花中表达量比较低,在H₂O₂,NaCl,NaHCO₃不同逆境处理条件下,LpPEX7基因的表达量都发生了改变。在盐碱和氧化胁迫处理下,LpPEX7过表达拟南芥株系种子的萌发要早于野生型种子的萌发,这些研究结果表明LpPEX7基因与盐碱、氧化逆境有一定的应答关系,为细叶百合的耐盐碱性分子机理研究提供一个非常重要的候选基因。