福尔马林致痛提高大鼠中枢μ阿片受体密度及电针的加强作用

用放射自显影方法观察到;（１）大鼠脚掌注射福尔马林后,某些与镇痛有关的脑区如尾核头部、伏隔核、杏仁核、中央灰质、脚间核、中缝大核、脊髓背角等结构中μ阿片受体密度明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）给予电针抑制痛反应的大鼠,在其大部分上述结构及扣带回、隔区、视前内侧区、内膝体、上丘、中缝背核及中央上核受体密度明显增加;与福尔马林注射组相比,脚间核、中央灰质尾端腹外侧区、腰膨大背角的受体密度进一步增加。从而在受体水平支持伤害性刺激可以激活体内内阿片肽能活动,而电针可以加强这一活动的设想。     

水稻高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体盐胁迫下氨基酸和蛋白质组分的变化

游离氨基酸组分分析表明,水稻培养细胞中谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量很高,占氨基酸总量的４０％。高脯氨酸愈伤组织变异体总游离氨基酸含量比原型高４５．５％,其中脯氨酸增加最多,其次是雨氨酸和谷氨酸。当ＮａＣｌ１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ处理时变异体和原型的总氨基酸都增加,而变异体的增量约为原型增量的３倍。蛋白水解氨基酸组分中变异体和原型各氨基酸的相对含量无大差异。蛋白质双向电泳表明,高脯氨酸变异体的蛋白组分发生变化,明显比原型多４个蛋白点。在ＮａＣｌ１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ处理下原型亦产生５３．３ｋＤ蛋白,变异体中该蛋白的含量变得更多。盐胁迫下变异体和原型的蛋白质组分变化的差异十分显著,主要表现在蛋白质等电点的变化不同。     

中国大痣小蜂属食植群记述（膜翅目：长尾小蜂科）

本文报导中国大痣小蜂属Ｍｅｇａｓｔｉｇｍｕｓ食植群Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈａｇｏｕｓ ｇｒｏｕｐ １２种,其中包括５新种：黄杉大痣小蜂Ｍｅｇａｓｔｉｇｍｕｓ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔｓｕｇａｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（寄生华东黄杉Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔｓｕｇａｇａｓｓｅｎｉｉ）,拟海棠大痣小蜂Ｍｅｇａｓｔｉｇｍｕｓ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍａｌｉ ｓｐ．ｎ．（寄主不明）,基室大痣小蜂Ｍｅｇａｓｔｉｇｍｕｓ ｃｅｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

Na_2SO_3和NaHCO_3对叶绿体CF_1－ATPase活力作用的机制

Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ１及类囊体膜上ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力均有显著的促进作用,ＮａＨＣＯ３亦有明显的促进作用。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３和ＮａＨＣＯ３的促进作用与它们解除Ｍｇ２＋的抑制作用有关。从ＮａＨＣＯ３和Ｎａ２ＳＯ３及它们与Ｍｇ２＋之间的竞争性关系,表明三者是结合在酶的同一部位上。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３可明显降低热－ＤＴＴ活化的游禹ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ催化反应的活化能,这可能与促进产物ＡＤＰ的释放有关。     

Recurrent response patterns of a zooplankton community to whole-lake fish manipulation

1. In a series of whole-lake manipulations conducted from 1984 to 1991, planktivorous fishes were alternately removed and restocked in a small mesotrophic lake, resulting in dramatic changes in the zooplankton community. 2. Response patterns in the zooplankton community, which include species and size structure, and within-year community variability, were examined. Variation in the zooplankton community in unmanipulated years was much lower than that in manipulated years, regardless of direction of the manipulation (i.e. decreasing or increasing planktivory). 3. The succession of zooplankton species abundance was repeated in the second removal of planktivorous fishes. The community shifted from small-bodied cladocerans, copepods and rotifers, through an intermediate state with high abundance of Holopedium, to an assemblage dominated by large-bodied daphnids.     

烟碱对乙酰胆碱诱发豚鼠回肠收缩作用的调节

在离休豚鼠回肠标本上,ＡＣｈ诱发双相收缩反应：早期相收缩反应持续时间短,与神经节Ｎ受体有关;后期相收缩反应持续时间长,与平滑肌Ｍ受体有关。烟碱１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ预孵育后,标本对烟碱激动神经节Ｎ受体诱发的收缩作用产生急性耐受,而ＡＣｈ激动平滑肌Ｍ受体诱发的收缩作用增强。     

遮阴对石笔木苗木生长和保护酶活性的影响

为探讨石笔木Tutcheria championi苗木对遮阴环境的适应性,以全光照(无遮阴覆盖)为对照,研究遮阴30%、50%和70%对2年生石笔木苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,全光照下石笔木苗木生长较为健壮,其苗高、地径生长优于遮阴处理;全光照下石笔木总生物量、根生物量比以及根冠比显著大于遮阴处理(P<0.05);50%遮阴处理苗木叶片叶绿素含量显著高于全光照和70%遮阴处理(P<0.05),叶绿素a/b值在各处理间无显著差异。丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);70%遮阴处理的苗木叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,显著高于全光照和50%遮阴。由此表明,充足的光照环境有利于石笔木苗木生长。     

高产杀粉蝶菌素的链霉菌鉴定及其拮抗水稻白叶枯菌活性研究

【目的】为保证农业生产可持续性发展,研发和使用环境友好的生物农药受到全社会的高度重视。微生物代谢产物农药是我国目前应用最广的生物农药,也是未来发展绿色农药的一个重要方向。【方法】利用包含水稻白叶枯菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) PXO99A的NA培养基琼脂平板,从水稻根际土壤中筛选能抑制Xoo生长的链霉菌。通过高效液相色谱和质谱分析活性代谢产物的化学结构;采用剪叶法接种Xoo到水稻叶片后,再喷施杀粉蝶菌素溶液(0.1 g/L),2周后测定叶枯症状;采用响应面分析法优化高产杀粉蝶菌素的发酵培养基;采用PacBio SMRT测序平台+Illumina HiSeq X Ten平台开展全基因组测序。平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity,ANI)用于比较HSW2009与其他链霉菌在全基因组水平的亲缘关系。【结果】分离到一株对Xoo生长有强抑制活性的链霉菌HSW2009,其活性代谢产物为杀粉蝶菌素A1(piericidin A1,简称PIE);喷施PIE可以减轻Xoo在水稻叶片内的侵染;优化HSW2009高产PIE的发...     

撕裂蜡孔菌HG2011对光叶紫花苕结瘤固氮的影响及其潜在机制

【目的】 在我国南方尤其是西南地区,光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth.)作为重要的青饲和绿肥两用豆科作物被广泛种植,有助于提高土壤氮素和后茬作物的产量品质。接种有益微生物是促进豆科作物生物固氮和生长的重要措施之一。为此,本文研究了一株自主分离获得的白腐真菌¾¾撕裂蜡孔菌(Careporia lacerata HG2011)对光叶紫花苕结瘤固氮和生长的影响,并揭示其潜在机制。【方法】 采用微生物培养、植物培养和田间试验,研究C. lacerata磷铁活化能力、代谢产物构成、与根瘤菌Rhizobium sophorae S3的相互作用,及其对光叶紫花苕结瘤、生长、产量、品质和土壤有效磷铁的影响。【结果】 C. lacerata和根瘤菌之间无拮抗作用。液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS)分析发现,C. lacerata发酵液含有氨基酸、有机酸和类黄酮等化感物质,能增强根瘤菌的趋化性并促进生物膜形成。此外,C. lacerata还能释放生长素、赤霉素、水杨酸和铁载体,活化难溶性有机和无机磷。在植物培养试验中,单独接种C. lacerata或根瘤菌均能促进光叶紫花苕生长,但以共接种处理效果最佳。C. lacerata定殖于光叶紫花苕根际,导致根长、根系表面积和结瘤数显著增加。田间试验发现,接种C. lacerata显著提高了光叶紫花苕单株根瘤数、根瘤质量和固氮酶活性,以及土壤有效磷铁含量和磷酸酶活性,产量比常规施肥处理增加12.15%且品质无显著变化。【结论】 C. lacerata能够在光叶紫花苕根际定殖,通过分泌化感物质、生长素和活化土壤磷铁等机制促进结瘤固氮和生长发育。C. lacerata易于培养,菌剂制备成本低廉,施用简便,对提高豆科作物产量品质具有一定应用价值。     

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 31 confers resistance to sheath blight via modulation of ROS homeostasis in rice

Sheath blight (ShB) severely threatens rice cultivation and production; however, the molecular mechanism of rice defence against ShB remains unclear. Screening of transposon Ds insertion mutants identified that Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 31 (CIPK31) mutants were more susceptible to ShB, while CIPK31 overexpressors (OX) were less susceptible. Sequence analysis indicated two haplotypes of CIPK31: Hap_1, with significantly higher CIPK31 expression, was less sensitive to ShB than the Hap_2 lines. Further analyses showed that the NAF domain of CIPK31 interacted with the EF-hand motif of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOHA) to inhibit RBOHA-induced H₂O₂ production, and RBOHA RNAi plants were more susceptible to ShB. These data suggested that the CIPK31-mediated increase in resistance is not associated with RBOHA. Interestingly, the study also found that CIPK31 interacted with catalase C (CatC); cipk31 mutants accumulated less H₂O₂ while CIPK31 OX accumulated more H₂O₂ compared to the wild-type control. Further analysis showed the interaction of the catalase domain of CatC with the NAF domain of CIPK31 by which CIPK31 inhibits CatC activity to accumulate more H₂O₂.