肌球蛋白磷酸化的研究进展

肌球蛋白是肌原纤维粗丝的组成单位,由多条重链与多条轻链组成,被视为一种分子马达。在肌肉收缩、趋化性胞质分裂、胞引作用、膜泡运输以及信号传导等生理过程中起重要作用。目前肌球蛋白磷酸化是研究的一个热点,它对细胞的迁移、收缩、胞质分裂以及其他未知功能都有着至关重要的作用。肌球蛋白磷酸化分为重链的磷酸化与轻链的磷酸化。根据国内外的最新相关研究报道,分别从肌球蛋白的结构与功能、磷酸化的作用机制、磷酸化的生物学功能以及最新研究成果等方面,对肌球蛋白的磷酸化研究进展进行阐述。     

Double-stranded cucumovirus associated RNA 5: which sequence variations may be detected by optical melting and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis?

Sequence variants of the double-stranded form of satellite RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus (dsCARNA 5) were analyzed for the possibility to experimentally detect minor nucleotide sequence changes. Denaturation maps (helix-probability versus position of the nucleotide in the sequence versus temperature) were calculated applying the Poland algorithm. Optical denaturation curves and temperature-gradient gel mobility curves were simulated using the denaturation maps and were compared with experimental results from optical melting and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (Tien Po et al., accompanying paper). Melting of the dsRNAs starts from both ends of the molecule in two transitions of low co-operativity, continues in the right part in a highly co-operative transition, and is finished in another highly co-operative transition including strand-separation. Whereas all parts of the molecule contribute uniformly to the optical melting curve, opening of the ends predominates in the retardation transition in gel electrophoresis. Detailed discussion of the influence of base pair changes in the sequence shows that a single base pair change may be detected by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis, if it is located in certain favorable locations, whereas its detection in optical melting curves is possible only in very special cases. The systematic differences found in the accompanying paper between necrogenic and non-necrogenic dsCARNA 5 could be interpreted on the basis of such nucleotide sequence differences.     

雄性大鼠某些机体功能的衰老变化

随着衰老过程雄性 Wistar 大鼠许多系统功能逐渐衰退。与青年鼠相比,中老年大鼠胸-腺明显萎缩。随着衰老,细胞免疫功能、血浆睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E_2)水平、肝微粒体细胞色素 P-450浓度和混合功能氧化酶(MFO)活力均明显衰退。     

极端干旱环境下的胡杨木质部水力特征

胡杨作为我国西北干旱区重要的乔木树种,研究其木质部水力特征对了解此树种适应极端干旱环境的生物学背景具有较重要的意义。本研究以塔里木河下游的胡杨成株和2年生胡杨幼苗为研究材料,对其木质部最大导水能力（ks(max)）和自然栓塞程度（PLC）等木质部水力特征及其水力特征有关的木质部导管(或管饱)数量特征进行研究。结果表明,成株胡杨多年生枝条和侧根（2≤d<5 mm）木质部自然栓塞程度均较高,PLC均值高于50%,其中多年生枝条栓塞程度具有一定的日变化规律,清晨的PLC均值（58%）小于正午的（67%）;河道边上成株胡杨侧根的均ks(max)和PLC均值都小于距河道200 m处的。随着土壤干旱程度的加剧,幼苗胡杨侧根的自然栓塞程度随之增加,而叶片气孔导度随之降低,土壤含水率与侧根自然栓塞程度,叶片气孔导度之间分别存在显著负相关关系（R =-0.9、R =-0.811）。在统一直径范围内(2≤d<5 mm),成株胡杨侧根均导管直径（dmean）和水力直径均大于（d95%、dh）胡杨幼苗,而导管密度胡杨幼苗高于成株胡杨;胡杨侧根木质部最大导水能力与均导管直径、水力直径之间具有显著正相关关系（R>0.9）.     

人为干扰对川西碧峰峡山矾次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响

为探讨人为干扰对川西碧峰峡山矾(Symplocos sumuntia)次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响,对其群落结构、物种组成和物种多样性特征进行了研究。结果表明,在总面积为7200 m~2的12块样地中共记录到维管束植物151种,隶属于58科98属,以樟科(Lauraceae)、山矾科(Symplocaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)等为主。单因素方差分析表明,不同强度人为干扰对山矾次生林群落径级、高度级结构影响的差异不显著(P0.05),群落乔木层径级为单峰型结构,高度级结构分布呈倒“J”型,群落天然更新能力强。受不同人为强度干扰的山矾次生林群落各层次物种组成和优势种数量不同,乔木层优势种数量差异显著,且轻度干扰中度干扰重度干扰;灌木层和草本层中,中度干扰的优势种数量最多,轻度干扰次之,重度干扰的最少。总体上看,人为干扰对山矾次生林群落乔木层、草本层物种多样性水平具有负面影响,群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(H′)、物种丰富度指数(S)和均匀度指数(J_(sw))随人为干扰强度的增加而降低,物种多样性水平呈下降趋势;中度干扰下灌木层的物种多样性有增加的趋势。总体上物种多样性指数表现出灌木层乔木层草本层的规律。     

鼠源戊型肝炎病毒IgG抗体定量检测方法的建立

目的制备鼠源戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)抗体定量参考品,建立小鼠HEV IgG抗体定量检测方法,并对其进行验证及初步应用。方法制备鼠源抗-HEV IgG参考血清MS1,以世界卫生组织人源抗-HEV Ig标准品(NIBSC code:95/584)对其进行标定并检测其稳定性;以标定的参考品为标准,建立小鼠HEV IgG抗体定量检测方法,对线性、范围、重复性、准确度等进行验证,并对戊肝疫苗免疫后小鼠血清进行HEV IgG抗体定量检测。结果制备的MS1血清含量为30.9U/m L(95%CI:±1.1),CV为4.8%;加速稳定性试验和冻融稳定性试验中,MS1含量CV均15%。建立的小鼠抗-HEV IgG抗体定量检测方法在0.01~0.15 U/m L范围内具有良好的线性(r0.99);灵敏度为0.007 U/m L;对高、中、低3份不同含量抗-HEV阳性小鼠血清重复检测3次,CV均10%;加样回收率为83.8%~107.7%。戊肝疫苗免疫1 w,3 w,5 w时,小鼠血清HEV IgG抗体均值分别为0.3 U/m L、39.4 U/m L、345.4 U/m L。戊肝疫苗初次免疫小鼠1 w后抗体阳转率为100%,但抗体均处于较低水平;血清抗体水平随着免疫针次的增加而升高(P0.05)。结论制备的鼠源HEV IgG抗体定量参考稳定性良好的,建立的小鼠HEV IgG抗体定量检测方法,具有良好的灵敏度、重复性及准确度,可用于小鼠实验中戊肝疫苗免疫原性的评价。     

体细胞核移植与中心体遗传

体细胞克隆虽然在多种哺乳动物中成功获得后代, 但仍存在一系列的问题需要解决。克隆胚胎的发育能力由核移植后几小时内的细胞和分子过程决定, 包括染色体分离和纺锤体的重新组装。中心体的正常组成和分布能保证染色体分离的准确性及新生和出生后克隆动物发育过程中的基因组稳定性。文章在分析哺乳动物体细胞克隆存在的问题和简介中心体结构功能的基础上, 综述了中心体在配子和受精卵发育过程中的遗传机制, 同时阐述了体细胞克隆胚胎中心体及其相关蛋白的研究现状。     

香雪兰的直接与间接体细胞胚胎发生

香雪兰的体细胞胚胎发生可通过两种途径进行,即直接发生与间接发生。在直接发生方式中,体细胞胚直接来源于尚未完全分化的外植体表皮细胞;体细胞胚与母体组织以一种类似胚柄的结构相联系。间接发生方式中,体细胞胚的形成要经过一个愈伤组织阶段。以是否能形成体细胞胚分类,可将愈伤组织分为胚性和非胚性愈伤组织。以间接方式形成的体细胞胚是由胚性愈伤组织中的一种决定细胞发育来的。这种体细胞胚不具有类似胚柄的结构,而与母体组织共同形成一个复合体。体细胞胚具有自己独立的维管束系统,在脱离母体组织后能够独立发育成株。     

DNA barcoding in closely related species: A case study of Primula L.sect.Proliferae Pax (Primulaceae) in China

DNA barcoding is a method of identifying species by analyzing one or a few short standardized DNA sequences. There are particular challenges in barcoding plants, especially for distinguishing closely related species. Hence, there is an urgent need to evaluate the performance of candidate loci for distinguishing between species, especially closely related species, to complement the rbcL + matK combination suggested as the core barcode for land plants. We sampled 48 individuals representing 12 species in Primula sect. Proliferae Pax in China to evaluate the performance of eight leading candidate barcode loci (matK, rbcL, rpoB, rpoCl, trnH-psbA, psbK-psbI, atpFatpH, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)). The core combination rbcL + matK gave only 50% species resolution in sect. Proliferae. In terms of intraspecies and interspecies divergence, degree of monophyly, and sequence similarity, ITS, trnH-psbA, and psbK-psbI showed good performance as single-locus barcodes. Internal transcribed spacer displayed the highest genetic divergence and best discriminatory power, both alone and in combination with rbcL +matK (83.3% species resolution). We recommend evaluating the use of ITS for barcoding in other species. Low or single copy nuclear regions would provide more sophisticated barcoding tools in the long term, even though further research is required to find suitable loci.