水稻XIOsPR10蛋白的原核表达及其RNase活性研究

PR10(病程相关蛋白10)类蛋白与植物的抵御外来病害及系统获得性抗性(SAR)有着紧密联系,而且许多PR10类蛋白都具有RNase活性,并通过这种活性抵抗外源病害。根据获得的XIOsPR10基因,将其构建到pET28a中,通过原核表达及磁珠纯化获得目的蛋白,通过RNA消化实验证实XIOsPR10重组蛋白具有RNase活性,进一步揭示了XIOsPR10蛋白的功能。     

国外引进亚麻种质资源的聚类分析及评价

通过对国外引进的150份亚麻种质资源的农艺性状鉴定与聚类分析研究,将其分为4个类群。各个类群具有不同的特点,其中类群Ⅰ表现为株高较高、抗倒伏能力差、出麻率高、产量较高;类群Ⅱ株高较矮、较抗倒伏、出麻率较低、产量较低;类群Ⅲ表现为高抗倒伏、抗白粉病、产量较低;类群Ⅳ株高和产量最高。不同类群在育种中有不同的利用价值,尤其类群Ⅲ和Ⅳ中有高抗及高产材料,具有十分重要的利用价值。     

Northward geographic diversification of a kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes lanyuensis (Araneae,Theridiidae) from the Philippine Archipelago to Orchid Island

Oceanic islands are unique geographic systems that promote local adaptations and allopatric speciation in many of their highly endemic taxa. This is a common case in the Philippine Archipelago, where numerous unrelated taxa on islands have been inferred to have diversified in isolation. However, few cases have been reported in invertebrates especially among parasitic organisms. Here, we tested for biogeographical structure in novel populations of the “generalist" kleptoparasitic spider, Argyrodes lanyuensis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998 in the Philippines. Results showed that, in addition to Orchid/Lanyu Island, this species has a wide geographic distribution in the Philippine Archipelago. The estimated divergence time of this lineage using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mt‐CO1) suggests that this species diverged ca 3.12 MYA, during the Pliocene. Two reciprocal monophyletic clades were elucidated in A. lanyuensis, but with limited differentiation across Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex (PAIC) boundaries and modern‐day islands. However, in our analyses of morphological variation, we identified two phenotypically differentiated units in males (Orchid Island, Taiwan + Luzon, Philippine PAIC populations vs. Palawan + West Visayan + Mindanao PAIC populations). We infer that this species diverged in the southern portion of the Philippine Archipelago and only recently colonized Orchid Island. Our study provides new information on the extensive distribution of A. lanyuensis outside Orchid Island, Taiwan, but we documented a very limited geographically associated genetic variation. Our study points to behavioral phenomena such as foraging behavior as essential contributor to the evolutionary process of species diversification, in contrast to the traditionally invoked geographic drivers of divergence.     

Microsatellite primers for Halophila ovalis and cross-amplification in H. minor (Hydrocharitaceae)

?Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite primers were developed in the seagrass Halophila ovalis to investigate genetic variation. ?Methods and Results: Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed in Halophila ovalis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12 across 80 H. ovalis individuals. These loci were successfully amplified in H. minor, and four were monomorphic across 30 individuals. ?Conclusions: These results from four H. ovalis populations and one H. minor population show the broad utility of microsatellite loci in future studies of population genetics. Four distinct alleles were present in H. minor but absent in H. ovalis, indicating potential divergence between them.     

固体脂质纳米粒制备方法的研究进展

固体脂质纳米粒是近年来备受关注的一种新型给药系统,本文对近年来固体脂质纳米粒的新型制备方法:薄膜接触器法、超声-挤压过滤法、微通道法、纳米反应嚣法的制备原理,方法及特点进行了讨论,并对现阶段存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

高脂喂养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA的表达和细胞外基质沉积

目的:探讨高脂喂养对大鼠肾脏小管上皮细胞SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA表达和细胞外基质(ECM)的影响。方法:高脂饲料喂养大鼠12周后,油红O检测肾脏脂质沉积,Masson染色检测肾小管间质细胞外基质沉积,免疫组化、Western blot和原位杂交检测SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA和FN的表达。结果:高脂喂养后大鼠体重明显增加,血糖、甘油三酯和胰岛素均升高,油红O检测显示大鼠肾小管上皮细胞内出现明显脂滴。SREBP-1蛋白和mRNA在肾小管上皮细胞内表达,高脂组高于正常对照组,分别是正常组的1.88倍和1.85倍;TGF-β1和α-SMA也定位于肾小管上皮细胞胞浆并出现上调。Masson染色显示高脂喂养大鼠肾间质ECM沉积增多,纤维粘连蛋白FN检测也显示模型组表达强于对照组。结论:高脂饮食喂养可能通过上调肾脏小管上皮细胞SREBP-1表达使细胞内脂滴沉积,并进一步诱导TGF-β1、α-SMA合成而导致细胞外基质堆积。     

基于线粒体16S rDNA序列探讨蛱蝶科(鳞翅目, 蝶亚目)主要分类群的系统发生关系

本文测定了蛱蝶科7亚科27种蛱蝶和斑蝶科2种蝴蝶的线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列,并从GenBank中下载了6种蛱蝶的同源序列。以斑蝶科的幻紫斑蝶和绢斑蝶作外群,通过遗传分析软件对这些序列进行了比较分析,用邻接法和贝叶斯法重建了蛱蝶科的系统发育树,探讨了蛱蝶科主要类群间的系统发育关系。序列分析的结果显示:经比对处理后获得494bp长度序列,其中有可变位点206个,简约信息位点145个;A T平均含量78.4%,C G平均含量为21.6%,具A、T偏倚性。分子系统树显示:蛱蝶亚科并非单系群;蛱蝶族中眼蛱蝶属应移入斑蛱蝶族;闪蛱蝶和蛱蝶亚科与蛱蝶亚科具有较近的系统关系;结果支持豹蛱蝶和釉蛱蝶合为一亚科即釉蛱蝶亚科;支持将秀蛱蝶和蛱蝶亚科从线蛱蝶亚科中分离出来。     

靛红衍生物的合成及其对稻瘟菌的生物活性

以靛红为原料合成了系列3-亚胺基/亚甲基-吲哚-2-酮化合物及其Mannich碱衍生物,研究了它们在抗稻瘟菌方面的活性,发现了这两种类型的若干化合物有较好的抑制稻瘟菌孢子萌发的活性,初步讨论了构效关系。认为1位的羟甲基和胺甲基、3位的亚甲基是药效团,芳基亚甲基苯环上对位取代基、羟基取代基和吸电子取代基不利于活性的提高,邻位的供电子取代基有利于活性的提高。     

Aggregation of prion protein with insertion mutations is proportional to the number of inserts

Mutation in the prion gene, PRNP, accounts for approx. 10-15% of human prion diseases. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which a mutant prion protein (PrP) causes disease. We compared the biochemical properties of a wild-type human prion protein, rPrP(C) (recombinant wild-type PrP), which has five octapeptide-repeats, with two recombinant human prion proteins with insertion mutations, one with three more octapeptide repeats, rPrP(8OR), and the other with five more octapeptide repeats, rPrP(10OR). We found that the insertion mutant proteins are more prone to aggregate, and the degree and kinetics of aggregation are proportional to the number of inserts. The octapeptide-repeat and alpha-helix 1 regions are important in aggregate formation, because aggregation is inhibited with monoclonal antibodies that are specific for epitopes in these regions. We also showed that a small amount of mutant protein could enhance the formation of mixed aggregates that are composed of mutant protein and wild-type rPrP(C). Accordingly, rPrP(10OR) is also more efficient in promoting the aggregation of rPrP(C) than rPrP(8OR). These findings provide a biochemical explanation for the clinical observations that the severity of the disease in patients with insertion mutations is proportional to the number of inserts, and thus have implications for the pathogenesis of inherited human prion disease.     

糖尿病和氨基脲敏感性胺氧化酶活性

氨基脲敏感性胺氧化酶（SSAO）分布广泛,可催化伯胺脱氨基生成醛、过氧化氢和氨.糖尿病、肥胖症等患者血浆SSAO活性增加.SSAO介导的毒性醛类产物增加可导致血管内皮损伤,从而促进动脉粥样硬化和多种糖尿病并发症的发生发展.SSAO对于脂肪组织的内稳态具有重要的调节作用,在脂肪组织的能量平衡中起到重要的作用.脂肪组织中SSAO活性的增加可能是由于甲胺或氨基丙酮等SSAO作用底物增加而对其产生了上调作用.抑制SSAO活性对于糖尿病可能具有治疗价值.