无陪护老年病人住院期间护理需求的质性研究

目的:了解无陪护老年病人在住院期间的护理需求。方法:采用质性研究中现象学研究的半结构化、面对面、深度访谈方法采访11位内科无陪护老年病人,之后依据Claizzit的现象学资料7步分析法分析、整理资料。结果:无陪护老年病人住院期间的需求涉及病室、护理人员、陪护人员三方面。结论:无陪护老年病人住院期间有着其特殊需求,无陪护的原因主要有经济因素及陪护人员综合素质较低、无统一管理等,所以除了医院在护理工作中针对这类病人给予一些特殊照护外,呼吁政府建立规范的陪护人员培训及管理机构,为广大患者提供正规、专业化的陪护。     

柴黄姜的传粉生物学特性

对产自湖北武当山的柴黄姜（Dioscorea nipponica subsp．rosthornii Prain et Burkill）的花部特征和访花昆虫种类及访花行为、访花频率和携粉量进行了研究,并对柴黄姜的传粉方式、结实和种子萌发状况进行了检测。结果表明,柴黄姜具有虫媒花的典型花部特征,共观测到访花昆虫4目34种,其中传粉昆虫6种,隧蜂属（Halictus sp．）和地蜂属（Andrena sp．）的2种昆虫是柴黄姜的主要传粉昆虫。访花昆虫对雄株的访花高峰时段为11：00至14：00,对雌花没有明显的访花高峰时段。在自然条件下,柴黄姜的座果率为18．86％,结实率为7．12％,种子萌发率为64．76％。在武当山,柴黄姜种群扩展仍以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖为重要补充。     

叉孢苏铁ISSR反应条件的优化及初步应用

利用ISSR 技术对叉孢苏铁(Cycas segmentifida)遗传多样性进行研究,对影响PCR 反应的DNA 模板浓度、dNTP 浓度、Taq 酶含量、引物浓度、Mg2 浓度和退火温度等进行了条件优化。叉孢苏铁的ISSR 最佳反应扩增体系为20μl 反应体积2μl 10 ×PCR buffer,模板DNA20ng,1UTaq 酶,1.5～2.75mmol/L MgCl2,0.1mmol/L 4 ×dNTP,0.22μmol/L 引物,2%甲酰胺。适宜的退火温度为50～52℃。从103 条引物中筛选出12 条用于所有样品的扩增,共扩增出122 条带,其中多态性条带为86 条,占总条带数的70.49%。POPGENE分析结果表明,种级水平上,叉孢苏铁具有中等稍高的遗传多样性水平,且各居群间有着很高的遗传分化度。     

新疆出血热病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆与表达

新疆出血热(Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever,XHF)在国际上称克里米亚-刚果出血热(Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever,CCHF),是由经蜱传播的克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒(CCHFV)引起的烈性传染性疾病,流行于中国新疆南部、俄罗斯北部、中东、南部欧亚大陆及非洲撒哈拉地区,平均病死率在20%～70%[1-4].中国的CCHF于1965年第一次诊断于新疆南部的巴楚县(病死率高达90%),时称巴楚出血热[5];后因在北疆地区亦查出抗体,故改称为新疆出血热(XHF),并在国内广泛沿用[6].     

影响水稻稻瘟病菌侵染过程的生态因子研究

通过田间和室内模拟等方法研究了水稻生长阶段,品种抗性,温度,降雨量和施N量等因子对稻瘟病菌侵染过程的影响。结果表明,水稻叶表单位面积病菌孢子附着量与水稻不同生长阶段呈负相关关系。稻瘟病潜育期与温度关系密切,在10℃-33℃范围内,以28℃条件下潜育期最短,小于℃,大于28℃的潜育期相应延长;病菌孢子侵染比值与水稻生长阶段呈负相关关系;稻叶表病菌孢子附着率在孢子与叶表接触后的5h内,与降水强度和降水持续时间密切相关,5h后影响变小;在一定条件下,稻瘟病扩展性病斑与非扩展性病的比值,扩展性病斑扩展的最大面积与水稻品种抗性和当时病斑所处叶位有关。     

皱叶留兰香迁地栽培后的营养成分及抗性指标测定

皱叶留兰香 (ＭｅｎｔｈａｃｒｉｓｐａｔｅＳｃｈｒａｄ .ｅｘＷｉｌｌｄ .)为唇形科薄荷属 (ＭｅｎｔｈａＬ .)多年生宿根草本植物 ,原分布于地中海沿岸 ,我国云南及贵州等地也有分布。皱叶留兰香及薄荷属某些种类 ,在民间被广泛药用和食用。具有疏风散热、辟秽解毒之功效 ,常用于外感风热、头痛、目赤、食滞气胀、口疮、牙痛等症[1 ] ,现代研究表明薄荷属植物还具有抗病毒、杀菌、抗刺激、利胆[2 ] 及放疗区域皮肤保护[3] 等作用。食用则具有清凉芳香的口味特点 ,在我国西南地区已经成为普通蔬菜 ,广泛用于调料、生食和火锅等。作者对皱…     

抗甲3型流感病毒卵黄抗体的研制

制备抗H3N2型流感病毒特异性鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白（IgY),防治同型流感病毒引起的流感,制备H3N2型流感病毒,通过两种途径免疫母鸡,以水稀释-硫酸铵沉淀及离子交换层析法提纯,并进行理化性质分析和动物效力试验。两种途径免疫均可使母鸡产生特异性IgY,其中以静脉为主的混合免疫法效果较好,提纯后纯度可达90%以上,通过被动免疫可使小鼠对同型流感病毒的攻击产生保护作用。结果表明,已成功地制备出高效价的H3N2型流感病毒特异性IgY。     

QTL editing confers opposing yield performance in different rice varieties

Grain yield is one of the most important and complex trait for genetic improvement in crops; it is known to be controlled by a number of genes known as quantitative trait loci(QTLs). In the past decade, many yield-contributing QTLs have been identified in crops.However, it remains unclear whether those QTLs confer the same yield performance in different genetic backgrounds. Here, we performed CRISPR/Cas_9-mediated QTL editing in five widely-cultivated rice varieties and revealed that the same QTL can have diverse, even opposing, effects on grain yield in different genetic backgrounds.     

Salicylic acid-induced antioxidant protection against low temperature in cold-hardy winter wheat

“Dongnongdongmai 1” is a cultivated winter wheat which can endure cold temperature as low as ?30 °C with a reviving rate of 85 %. We aimed to explore the involvement of antioxidant protection system in salicylic acid (SA)-enhanced cold resistance of winter wheat. Seedlings were prayed with 0.1 mM SA at three-leaf stage, followed by cold acclimation at tillering stage (4 °C for 5 days) prior to cold treatment at 4, 0, ?10 or ?20 °C for 2 days. Under low temperature, the relative electrical conductivity (REC) of rhizomes and H₂O₂ content in rhizomes were lower compared with leaves, while in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal system, only the POD activity was higher. Foliar spray with SA significantly inhibited the cold-increased REC of rhizomes at ?20 °C and REC of leaves at ?10 and ?20 °C. In addition, application of SA prior to ?10 or ?20 °C treatment suppressed the increase in H₂O₂ content both in rhizomes and leaves. SA enhanced the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in wheat following low-temperature treatment, especially at ?10 and ?20 °C. In addition, spray with SA resulted in 1.1-to-4.9-fold enhanced activities of the key enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle, including APX, DHAR, and MDHAR. Our results suggested that SA could improve the resistance of winter wheat against extreme low temperature by enhancing the activities of antioxidases to eliminate ROS and maintain the redox homeostasis. In addition, the less damage to rhizomes in comparison with leaves may be attributed to enhanced POD activity.     

薄层培养的应用现状与前景

植物薄层培养(TCL)实验系统是70年代初发展起来的一个新颖精致的实验系统。由于薄层培养具有组织结构简单、对调控因子敏感、培养易成功等优点,目前已经在植物细胞的分裂、分化及植物生长、发育的调控机制与分子机理等方面的研究得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了薄层培养在形态发生、细胞学、分子生物学等研究领域的应用现状与进展,并对当前薄层培养存在的问题作了评述。