^137Cs,^134Cs在人工海洋小生境中的行为

在自行建立的人工海洋小生境中,采用示踪法综合地研究~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs在人工小生境中的行为。结果表明,~(137)Cs和~(134)Cs具有共同的生理生态行为,并表现出相似的规律、沉积物对~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs的吸附能力甚低,~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs在海洋动物体内趋于全身性的分布。各主要生化物质均能检出~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs。排泄实验后,海洋动物的胃肠、肝(消化腺)~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs损失显著。沉积物表现为解吸-重吸附的过程。     

水稻食叶类害虫等量损害系统与复合防治指标

稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis.medinalis Guenèe中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis(Thunberg)稻苞虫Parnara guttatus (Bremer et Grey)是江苏地区水稻的主要食叶类害虫,取食水稻叶片,导致光合叶面积减少.剪叶模拟试验表明,水稻不同生育阶段叶面积损失率与产量损失率呈线性相关.其回归方程分蘖期、孕穗期、腊熟期分别为 D(I_t)=72.50759I_t^1.15906、D(I_t)=141.61737I_t^1.08002、D(I_t)=25.12434I_t^1.00569.在叶面积损失率相同的情况下,产量损失率孕穗期>分蘖期>腊熟期.试验通过三种害虫的各龄取食量,不同生育阶段水稻叶面积及为害与损失率之间的关系,建立了不同生育阶段的经济允许损害水平(EIL_t).并根据各种害虫的相对潜在取食量,计算了校正等量损害系数,为制订复合防治指标提供了依据.实践证明:以等量损害为单位的复合防治指标有较大的实用价值,生态效益、经济效益、社会效益明显.     

Biosynthesis of Prostacyclin in Rat Cerebral Microvessels and the Choroid Plexus

Abstract: Microvessels, predominantly capillaries, were isolated from rat cerebrum by a modification of published procedures. The morphology and purity of the preparations were monitored by light and electron microscopy and by enrichment in alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and prostacyclin synthetase. A reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was used in the purification of prostaglandins after extraction from aqueous incubation solutions. Prostacyclin synthesis in brain is localized in cerebral blood vessels and capillaries. The endogenous biosynthetic capacity of the isolated cerebral capillary fractions for prostacyclin, measured as its chemically stable breakdown product, 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α, was 11 ng/mg protein/10 min. Choroid plexus and intact surface vessels synthesized 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α at 37 and 35 ng/mg protein/10 min, respectively. The prostacyclin-synthesizing enzyme of the cerebral capillaries also converted the exogenously added prostaglandin endoperoxides to 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α. Comparison of the synthesis of prostaglandins 6-keto-F_1α, E₂, and F_2α showed that 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α was the major prostaglandin formed in the microvessels, in the larger surface vessels, and in the choroid plexus. Prostaglandin D₂ was not detected. Prostacyclin synthesis by the cerebral vasculature is similar to that in other blood vessels and cultured human endothelial cells. Possible physiological roles of prostacyclin in the cerebral microvasculature are discussed with special regard to the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.     

Urinary excretion of a novel hexasaccharide and glycopeptide analogue in fucosidosis.

Repeated Biogel P6 chromatography of the urine from a patient with fucosidosis yielded several fractions containing fucosyloligosaccharides and glycopeptides. Two of these were shown by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-n.m.r.) spectroscopy and permethylation analysis to have the following structures respectively: (I) αfuc (1→3) [βgal (1→4)] βglcNAc (1→2) αman ($\text{1→}\text{3}\text{6}$) βman (1→4) glcNAc and (II) αfuc (1→3) [βgal (1→4)] βglcNAc (1→2) αman ($\text{1→}\text{3}\text{6}$) βman (1→4) βglcNAc (1→4) [αfuc ($\text{1→}\text{3}\text{6}$)] βglcNAc-Asn.     

ZAKβ antagonizes and ameliorates the cardiac hypertrophic and apoptotic effects induced by ZAKα

ZAK (sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase AZK), a serine/threonine kinase with multiple biochemical functions, has been associated with various cell processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cardiac hypertrophy. In our previous reports, we found that the activation of ZAKα signaling was critical for cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we show that the expression of ZAKα activated apoptosis through both a FAS‐dependent pathway and a mitochondria‐dependent pathway by subsequently inducing caspase‐3. ZAKβ, an isoform of ZAKα, is dramatically expressed during cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. The interaction between ZAKα and ZAKβ was demonstrated here using immunoprecipitation. The results show that ZAKβ has the ability to diminish the expression level of ZAKα. These findings reveal an inherent regulatory role of ZAKβ to antagonize ZAKα and to subsequently downregulate the cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by ZAKα.     

Biologically Induced Deposition of Fine Suspended Particles by Filter-Feeding Bivalves in Land-Based Industrial Marine Aquaculture Wastewater

Industrial aquaculture wastewater contains large quantities of suspended particles that can be easily broken down physically. Introduction of macro-bio-filters, such as bivalve filter feeders, may offer the potential for treatment of fine suspended matter in industrial aquaculture wastewater. In this study, we employed two kinds of bivalve filter feeders, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, to deposit suspended solids from marine fish aquaculture wastewater in flow-through systems. Results showed that the biodeposition rate of suspended particles by C. gigas (shell height: 8.67±0.99 cm) and M. galloprovincialis (shell height: 4.43±0.98 cm) was 77.84±7.77 and 6.37±0.67 mg ind⁻¹•d⁻¹, respectively. The total solid suspension (TSS) deposition rates of oyster and mussel treatments were 3.73±0.27 and 2.76±0.20 times higher than that of the control treatment without bivalves, respectively. The TSS deposition rates of bivalve treatments were significantly higher than the natural sedimentation rate of the control treatment (P<0.001). Furthermore, organic matter and C, N in the sediments of bivalve treatments were significantly lower than those in the sediments of the control (P<0.05). It was suggested that the filter feeders C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis had considerable potential to filter and accelerate the deposition of suspended particles from industrial aquaculture wastewater, and simultaneously yield value-added biological products.