经营措施对青檀人工林生物量及檀皮产量的影响

调查了青檀人工林不同经营措施对林分地上部分生物生产力及檀皮产量的影响.结果表明(1)在密度及墩龄相同条件下,单位面积檀皮产量与年龄成正比,出皮率与年龄成反比;(2)单位面积檀皮产量年增长以第3年为最高,分别是第2年和第4年年增长量的1.58倍和4.12倍;(3)在密度、留萌数及萌发年龄相同条件下,单位面积檀皮产量以条墩年龄12年为最高,分别是6年生和9年生的3.32倍和1.11倍;(4)四种造林密度类型(2500、3333、4200和5350墩/hm2)中,檀皮产量大小顺序为4200>3333>5350>2500.4200墩/hm2(株行距1.4m×1.7m)的林分檀皮产量是2500墩/hm2(株行距2m×2m)林分植皮产量的1.68倍;(5)在密度、墩龄相同条件下,每墩留萌数为10时,单位面积植皮产量最高.从收获经济生物量(檀皮)的角度考虑,青檀人工林密度应在3333～4200墩/hm2之间,轮伐期为3年;在条墩年龄为9年以上的人工林中,留萌数以10条为好.     

瓜实蝇对39种寄主适应度的评估

采用绝对寄主适应度(W)和相对寄主适应度(W_r)模型评估了瓜实蝇对39种寄主的适应性表现。结果发现瓜实蝇可以在所有供试寄主上产卵,但其幼虫不能在苹果、牛油果、佛手瓜以及百香果上完成发育,因此共得到35个有效评估值。研究也发现无论是绝对适应度(W)还是相对适应度(W_r)的评估值,都能使35种寄主显著地聚为两类,其中笋瓜、葫芦瓜、南瓜、黄瓜、香瓜为瓜实蝇嗜好寄主,其他30种为普通寄主。综上,瓜实蝇对不同寄主的适应度存在显著的差异,其寄主生态位可能存在着核心的"嗜好寄主"和周缘的"普通寄主",从而在瓜实蝇的寄主适应及寄主扩展中发挥着重要的作用。此外,可利用瓜实蝇对不同寄主适应度的差异来防治该虫,如可在"普通寄主"园区堆积嗜好寄主诱杀瓜实蝇。     

术中静脉不同剂量右美托咪啶对全髋置换术患者术后患者芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响

目的:观察气管内全身麻醉下行全髋置换术患者,术中静脉应用不同剂量右美托咪定对术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响及相关不良反应发生的情况。方法:选择择期在气管内全麻下行全髋置换术的患者60例,ASA I~Ⅱ级,年龄47~78岁,体重42~79 kg。患者随机分组法分为3组(n=20):C组(盐水对照组)、D1组(右美托咪定0.5μg/kg组)和D2组(右美托咪定1μg/kg组),在手术结束前约1小时按分组分别给予生理盐水和右美托咪啶,术后镇痛使用芬太尼静脉自控镇痛24 h。记录患者术后2h、2~6 h、6~12 h、12~24 h芬太尼的用量;VAS评分法评估患者术前、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h时的疼痛程度;记录镇痛期间恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒及过度镇静等不良反应发生的情况。结果:术后2h和术后2~6 h芬太尼用量D1组和D2组较C组减少(P0.05),但D1组和D2组之间比较无差异(P0.05);而术后6~12和12~24 h三组患者芬太尼用量无差异(P0.05)。术后2 h、2~6 hVAS评分D1组和D2组较C组减少(P0.05),而D1组和D2组之间比较无差异(P0.05);术后6~12、12~24 h三组患者VAS评分无差异(P0.05)。与C组比较,D1组和D2组镇痛期间恶心呕吐发生率降低(P0.05),余不良反应各组之间比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:气管内全身麻醉下行全髋置换术的患者,术中静脉应用右美托咪啶可在术后6 h内增强芬太尼镇痛的效果减少芬太尼的用量,但增大剂量效果并不增加而作用时间也不延长。     

外泌体提取及保存技术研究进展

外泌体是多种活细胞经过内吞-融合-外排等一系列过程主动向胞外分泌的纳米级双层膜结构小囊泡,广泛存在于血液和尿液等生物体液中.因其携带着多种蛋白质、核酸和脂质等生物活性分子,所以外泌体不仅在细胞间物质交换和信息传递中发挥重要作用,而且对疾病诊断、预后预测和治疗管理等均具有提示意义.外泌体的高效提取、分离和完整保存是研...     

Tree mycorrhizal type predicts within‐site variability in the storage and distribution of soil organic matter

Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), yet how predicted shifts in forest composition will impact long‐term C and N persistence remains poorly understood. A recent hypothesis predicts that soils under trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) store less C than soils dominated by trees associated with ectomycorrhizas (ECM), due to slower decomposition in ECM‐dominated forests. However, an incipient hypothesis predicts that systems with rapid decomposition—e.g. most AM‐dominated forests—enhance soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization by accelerating the production of microbial residues. To address these contrasting predictions, we quantified soil C and N to 1 m depth across gradients of ECM‐dominance in three temperate forests. By focusing on sites where AM‐ and ECM‐plants co‐occur, our analysis controls for climatic factors that covary with mycorrhizal dominance across broad scales. We found that while ECM stands contain more SOM in topsoil, AM stands contain more SOM when subsoil to 1 m depth is included. Biomarkers and soil fractionations reveal that these patterns are driven by an accumulation of microbial residues in AM‐dominated soils. Collectively, our results support emerging theory on SOM formation, demonstrate the importance of subsurface soils in mediating plant effects on soil C and N, and indicate that shifts in the mycorrhizal composition of temperate forests may alter the stabilization of SOM.     

茄子microRNAs与其靶基因的生物信息学预测

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类在真核生物中发现的长度为21 nt左右、非编码、内源性的单链小分子RNA,通过与靶基因的互补发挥转录后水平的负调控作用。目前,已在许多物种中报道了miRNAs的存在,然而还未见关于茄子miRNAs的报道。根据miRNAs在植物中的高度保守性及其前体的二级结构特征,文章通过同源预测的方法,将已知植物的miRNAs与茄子EST数据库比对,经过一系列的筛选,最终预测到12个家族的16条茄子miRNAs,其中包括3个miRNA家族的正义/反义miRNAs,而miR390和miR399家族的正义/反义miRNAs属于第一次发现。文章还通过在线软件psRNATarget预测到15条茄子miRNAs的71个靶基因,这些靶基因主要编码与茄子生长发育、新陈代谢以及胁迫响应等过程相关的蛋白。     

体重指数对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的影响及分析

目的:回顾性分析我院同一组医生施行腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,探讨体重指数对于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的影响,评估腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术在肥胖患者中的应用。方法:选择2009年1月至2010年12月因直肠癌在我院行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的患者199例为研究对象,根据患者不同体重指数分为3组,正常体重组:BMI24.0 kg/m2143例、超重组:24.0=BMI     

Elevated amniotic fluid F₂-isoprostane: a potential predictive marker for preeclampsia

In the complex mechanism of preeclampsia, oxidative stress is an important pathogenic factor, and F₂-isoprostane is a marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to identify if the amniotic fluid (AF) levels of F₂-isoprostanes were elevated in women who later developed preeclampsia. In this study, we analyzed AF F₂-isoprostane concentrations with enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the EIA results could be validated by quantitative mass spectrometry. The mean AF concentration of F₂-isoprostanes was significantly higher in pregnancies with subsequent development of preeclampsia (123.1 ± 57.6 pg/ml, n = 85) than in controls (73.8 ± 36.6 pg/ml, n = 85). The AF elevation of F₂-isoprostanes was even higher in the preeclampsia with intrauterine growth restriction group (138.3 ± 65.2 pg/ml, n = 39). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics analysis for AF F₂-isoprostanes assay was 0.81, supporting its potential as a biomarker for preeclampsia. These results indicate that oxidative stress existed before the onset of clinical preeclampsia, further suggesting that the elevation of AF F₂-isoprostanes may be used as a guide for antioxidant supplementation to reduce the risk and/or severity of preeclampsia.