浑善达克沙地沙地榆种子雨的扩散规律

于2010年采用定点连续观测的方法,研究了浑善达克沙地不同树龄(23年生、40年生、56年生)沙地榆孤立木种子雨的数量、组成及散布过程,分析沙地榆种子雨的扩散规律及其与外界环境干扰因子的关系。结果表明:(1)孤立木种子雨的总量随其年龄增长而增加,其中56年生孤立木>40年生孤立木>23年生孤立木,其种子雨的总量分别为(7744±16.26)粒/m2、(5236±18.87)粒/m2、(2456±12.67)粒/m2;(2)40年生孤立木的种子质量较好,成熟种子的比例最高,未成熟、空粒和虫害种子的比例较低,56年生孤立木次之,23年生孤立木质量最差,56年生沙地榆和40年生沙地榆是自然更新种子的主要来源;(3)榆树种子于当年5月下旬开始成熟并于6月初开始脱落,6月中旬达到降落高峰期,落种持续到6月下旬结束,落种期持续近1个月;(4)种子雨的前扩散过程中种子集中降落在主风向的下风向50 m和树冠周围20 m的范围内;(5)在种子的后扩散过程中,种子沿下风向继续运动,散落在下风向50 m范围或更远处,后扩散对前扩散表现为"削锋"作用。     

Myostatin基因打靶载体的构建及猪胎儿成纤维细胞Myostatin基因的敲除

目的:用缺口修复等技术构建Myostatin(肌肉生长抑制素,MSTN)基因打靶载体,并对大白猪胎儿成纤维体细胞进行转染,获得基因敲除细胞。方法与结果:首先构建用于MSTN基因同源长臂(LA)的抓捕载体,然后在大肠杆菌内利用Red同源重组系统介导的缺口修复,从含大白猪MSTN基因座的细菌人工染色体上亚克隆9.9 kb的LA到抓捕载体上,经过部分序列测定,同源性为100%;通过PCR获得1.4 kb的同源短臂(SA);将LA和SA连入载体pLOXP,构建含有neo和tk正负筛选标记基因的MSTN基因打靶载体pLOXP-MSTN-KO;将线性化的pLOXP-MSTN-KO通过电转染整合到大白猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中,利用G418和丙氧鸟苷进行药物筛选,获得抗性细胞克隆890个,通过PCR和DNA测序鉴定获得基因敲除的细胞克隆4个。结论:构建了有效的MSTN基因打靶载体,通过转染获得基因敲除细胞,为利用体细胞核移植制备MSTN基因敲除猪奠定了基础。     

大豆疫霉菌的EMS化学诱变

以甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethane sulfonate,EMS)为诱变剂,通过其对大豆疫霉菌Phytophthora sojae休止孢萌发的影响,确定化学诱变条件。通过收集单卵孢子,建立了包含640个单卵孢子系的突变体库,其中约有50%的诱变菌系在培养性状和菌落形态方面发生了明显变化,菌落形态多样,表现出较紧密或松散,近圆形或不规则;气生菌丝减少,生长速度较慢或快;在卵孢子产量方面,8.13%的菌系有增加,20.41%的菌系减少,27.82%的菌系极少或者没有卵孢子产生,43.64%的菌系卵孢子产量类似野生型。以质膜氢离子泵蛋白基因PsPMA1(plasma membrane H+-ATPase1)为对象,通过TILLING技术,从320个大豆疫霉菌突变体中获得9个突变体,进一步确认了EMS对大豆疫霉菌的诱变效果,并且估算EMS对大豆疫霉菌的诱变频率至多每115kb发生一个核苷酸变异。新构建的突变体库为开展大豆疫霉病菌的功能基因组研究奠定了遗传材料基础。     

Pleuston communities are buffered from regional flood pulses: the example of ostracods in the Paraná River floodplain, Brazil

1. It is widely acknowledged that sudden, large‐scale flood pulses are drivers of benthic and planktonic biodiversity change in floodplains. The impact of such pulses on pleuston (biotic communities associated with root systems of floating plants) remains to be demonstrated. Here, we investigate the effects of local and regional drivers on seasonal changes in abundance and diversity of ostracod communities in pleuston. 2. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness of ostracods associated with the floating water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, in a lentic environment from the upper Paraná River floodplain, were investigated in relation to local, as well as regional, environmental factors. Ostracods were sampled monthly over an annual cycle (March 2004–February 2005). Twenty‐seven species were found, representing the families Cyprididae, Candonidae, Limnocytheridae and Darwinulidae. Both diversity and abundance of ostracod communities showed seasonal changes, although species turn‐over during the year was limited. 3. We tested two hypotheses concerning the causality of these fluctuations: seasonal recruitment and influx of allochthonous ostracods during the flood pulse. Our results indicate that seasonal recruitment is more likely to be the driver of fluctuations in relation to the flood pulse. We postulate that pleuston communities are buffered against possible detrimental effects of flood pulses.     

The plastidic Arabidopsis protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase gene, with or without the transit sequence, confers resistance to the diphenyl ether herbicide in rice

Agrobacterium‐mediated gene transformation was used to introduce plastidic protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox) genes from Arabidopsis, with and without the transit sequence, into the rice genome. They were placed under the control of the constitutive and ubiquitous maize ubiquitin promoter, and their abilities to confer resistance to the diphenyl ether‐type herbicide, oxyfluorfen were compared. The integration and expression of the transgene in the T₁ generation was examined by Southern, northern and western blot analyses. Surprisingly, as judged by an in vivo seed germination assay and an in vitro cellular leakage assay, both lines were similarly resistant to oxyfluorfen. The tolerance to cellular damage (lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage) was higher in transgenic plants than in wild‐type plants. In transgenic plants, the degree of herbicide resistance varied directly with the absolute amount of Protox protein expression. Both the intact protein and the protein with the transit sequence deleted were accumulated in plastids.     

Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian rain forest: the apomictic species

HA, C. O., SANDS, V. E., SOEPADMO, E. & JONG, K., 1988. Reproductive patterns of selected understorey trees in the Malaysian raia forest: the apomictic species. Garcinia is the predominant representative of the Clusiaceae in the understorey of the lowland rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia. In Pasoh Forest Reserve the dioecious species G. paruifolia was investigated since no male trees, but only trees with structurally hermaphodite flowers which later set fruit, were found there. Pollination and embryological studies indicated a condition of non-pseudogamous agamospermy, with no viable pollen grains being formed in the staminodes, and the unfertilized egg cell giving rise to the embryo. Supportive studies were made of microspore development in G. forbesi , and of embryogenesis and seed development in G. malaccensis and G. scortechinii which also appear to be agamospermous. The role of either facultative or obligate apomixis in gene fixation in these dioecious species is discussed, and the possible adaptive significance of reproductive versatility among certain rain forest trees is examined.     

Regeneration of Asparagus officinalis L. through Callus Cultures Derived from Protoplasts

Undifferentiated callus derived from asparagus protoplast cultureshas been used for studies on organogenesis. Root and shoot formationhas been obtained with different hormonal balances. Adeninehas been found to be effective, together with a cytokinin, inpromoting the formation of somatic embryoids in this tissue.     

The Vertical Structure and Composition of Homegarden Plants in the Horqin Sandy Land of the Mongols——A case study in the Horqin Juun Garon County of Inner Mongolia

Used the random sampling and recommendation, 30 households of Mongolian in Horqin Juun Garon Country were selected to compare with 10 households of Han nationality which lives in the region of nearby. Forty sampling plots of homegardens were investigated. The results indicates that the perpendicular structure of homegarden plants in Mongolian and Han nationality can be classified to 0-1m, 1-2m, 2-5m, 5-10m, and higher than 10m. The perpendicular structure lower than 5m is predominance in both large and small homegardens. Comparing the cultivation pattern in two nationality, Mongolia still stay in the level of vegetable cultivation which relaled to the daily life, the plants for view and admire are very few at present. But Han nationality have started attaching importance to the view and admire homegarden plants. Besides, this research applied the software MVSP to analyze the type of homegardens and indacates that the homegarden of Mongolian in Horqin Juun Garon Country have four categories, and Han nationality have three categories. The results indicate that there are many differences between Mongolian and Han nationality. This is caused by the differences between the two nationalities in traditional farming culture, animal husbandry culture, the area of homegarden, the history of homegarden, the management of homegarden, and the traditional botanical knowledge on plant species utilization.     

医院动物实验工作人员的素质要求和培养

动物实验人员的素质是决定医院动物实验工作质量的重要因素．但通常被忽视。随着动物实验标准化进程的不断推进,提高动物实验工作人员的素质、增强专业技能就显得尤为重要。本文结合我院实践主要阐述综合性医院动物实验工作的特点、对动物实验工作人员基本素质的要求以及培养和提高的途径。     

溴化马来松香的合成、表征及其阻燃性的研究

本文以马来松香与液溴加成,合成了溴化马来松香;研究了反应温度、原料的摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应过程及产物性能的影响.用FT-IR、1H NMR和TG对溴化马来松香进行了表征.结果表明,当反应温度为-2～6℃,反应时间5～6 h,反应物的当量配比约为1.2时,收率可达87.9%.溴化马来松香具有较好的阻燃性,同时也拓宽了松香的应用范围,提高了松香的附加值.