首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   775998篇
  免费   88092篇
  国内免费   1008篇
  2016年   8530篇
  2015年   12474篇
  2014年   14659篇
  2013年   20407篇
  2012年   23322篇
  2011年   23933篇
  2010年   15925篇
  2009年   14657篇
  2008年   21182篇
  2007年   22010篇
  2006年   20827篇
  2005年   20023篇
  2004年   19996篇
  2003年   18849篇
  2002年   18559篇
  2001年   33425篇
  2000年   33840篇
  1999年   27079篇
  1998年   9677篇
  1997年   9902篇
  1996年   9321篇
  1995年   8916篇
  1994年   8624篇
  1993年   8647篇
  1992年   22376篇
  1991年   21993篇
  1990年   21464篇
  1989年   20766篇
  1988年   19460篇
  1987年   18478篇
  1986年   17541篇
  1985年   17530篇
  1984年   14506篇
  1983年   12484篇
  1982年   9655篇
  1981年   8947篇
  1980年   8197篇
  1979年   13853篇
  1978年   11256篇
  1977年   10149篇
  1976年   9542篇
  1975年   10923篇
  1974年   11953篇
  1973年   11765篇
  1972年   10755篇
  1971年   9839篇
  1970年   8421篇
  1969年   8292篇
  1968年   7594篇
  1967年   6636篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Although phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibits apoptosis and promotes the growth of some types of cells, it induces apoptosis in other cells. We evaluated the apoptotic effects of PMA on murine fibroblasts (L-929) that had been exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at 312 nm, which promotes tumor cell growth. Exposure to PMA alone did not induce Fas, Fas-L, or apoptosis. Cells exposed to mild UV-B irradiation (80 J/m(2)) alone exhibited a slight expression of Fas and Fas-L 36 to 48 h after the exposure, and exhibited apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation 72 h after exposure. The addition of PMA (0.8 x 10(-5) to 3.2 x 10(-5) M) to the medium 24 h after the UV-B exposure markedly and dose-dependently enhanced these cell responses. Confluent untreated cells, cells cocultured with PMA, and cells cocultured with PMA for 24 h after the UV-B exposure consistently expressed mRNAs for wild-type p53, bcl-2, and ICE. Expression of c-myc mRNA was initially observed, but became undetectable in the cells cocultured for 24 h with a high concentration of PMA (3.2 x 10(-5) M) following UV-B exposure. Such cells subsequently exhibited the maximal apoptotic response. We conclude that mild exposure to UV-B altered murine fibroblast cells in such a way as to facilitate their death by apoptosis upon addition of PMA.  相似文献   
62.
A finite element based method to determine the incremental elastic material properties of planar membranes was developed and evaluated. The method is applicable to tissues that exhibit inhomogeneity, geometric and material nonlinearity, and anisotropy. Markers are placed on the tissue to form a four-node quadrilateral element. The specimen is loaded to an initial reference state, then three incremental loading sets are applied and the nodal displacements recorded. One of these loadings must include shear. These data are used to solve an over-determined system of equations for the tangent stiffness matrix. The method was first verified using analytical data. Next, data obtained from a latex rubber sheet were used to evaluate experimental procedures. Finally, experiments conducted on preconditioned rat skin revealed nonlinear orthotropic behavior. The vector norm comparing the applied and calculated nodal force vectors was used to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions.  相似文献   
63.
The goal of this study was to develop a new implantable transducer for measuring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tension postoperatively in patients who have undergone ACL reconstructive surgery. A unique approach was taken of integrating the transducer into a femoral fixation device. To devise a practical in vivo calibration protocol for the fixation device transducer (FDT), several hypotheses were investigated: (1) The use of a cable versus the actual graft as the means for applying load to the FDT during calibration has no significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT tension measurements; (2) the number of flexion angles at which the device is calibrated has no significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT measurements; (3) the friction between the graft and femoral tunnel has no significant effect on measurement accuracy. To provide data for testing these hypotheses, the FDT was first calibrated with both a cable and a graft over the full range of flexion. Then graft tension was measured simultaneously with both the FDT on the femoral side and load cells, which were connected to the graft on the tibial side, as five cadaver knees were loaded externally. Measurements were made with both standard and overdrilled tunnels. The error in the FDT tension measurements was the difference between the graft tension measured by the FDT and the load cells. Results of the statistical analyses showed that neither the means of applying the calibration load, the number of flexion angles used for calibration, nor the tunnel size had a significant effect on the accuracy of the FDT. Thus a cable may be used instead of the graft to transmit loads to the FDT during calibration, thus simplifying the procedure. Accurate calibration requires data from just three flexion angles of 0, 45, and 90 deg and a curve fit to obtain a calibration curve over a continuous range of flexion within the limits of this angle group. Since friction did not adversely affect the measurement accuracy of the FDT, the femoral tunnel can be drilled to match the diameter of the graft and does not need to be overdrilled. Following these procedures, the error in measuring graft tension with the FDT averages less than 10 percent relative to a full-scale load of 257 N.  相似文献   
64.
Trigger finger is a relatively common clinical entity, most frequently caused by stenosing tenosynovitis. Several other conditions not related to tenosynovitis also have been described as a cause of triggering, and these have been reviewed. We present a rare anomaly of the fourth lumbrical muscle insertion as a cause of triggering of the right little finger. This was completely relieved following excision of the anomalous muscle. This rare anatomic variant should be added to the list of potential causes of trigger finger.  相似文献   
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号