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21.
H Moreau B Verhelst A Couloux E Derelle S Rombauts N Grimsley M Van Bel J Poulain M Katinka M Hohmann-Marriott G Piganeau P Rouze C Da Silva P Wincker Y Van de Peer K Vandapoele 《Genome biology》2012,13(8):R74-16
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Bathycoccus prasinos is an extremely small cosmopolitan marine green alga whose cells are covered with intricate spider's web patterned scales that develop within the Golgi cisternae before their transport to the cell surface. The objective of this work is to sequence and analyze its genome, and to present a comparative analysis with other known genomes of the green lineage. RESULTS: Its small genome of 15Mb consists of 19 chromosomes and lacks transposons. Although 70% of all B. prasinos genes share similarities with other Viridiplantae genes, up to 428 genes were probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer, mainly from other eukaryotes. Two chromosomes, one big and one small, are atypical, an unusual synapomorphic feature within the Mamiellales. Genes on these atypical outlier chromosomes show lower GC content and a significant fraction of putative horizontal gene transfer genes. Whereas the small outlier chromosome lacks colinearity with other Mamiellales and contains many unknown genes without homologs in other species, the big outlier shows a higher intron content, increased expression levels and a unique clustering pattern of housekeeping functionalities. Four gene families are highly expanded in B. prasinos, including sialyltransferases, sialidases, ankyrin repeats and zinc ion-binding genes, and we hypothesize that these genes are associated with the process of scale biogenesis. CONCLUSION: The minimal genomes of the Mamiellophyceae provide a baseline for evolutionary and functional analyses of metabolic processes in green plants. 相似文献
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P. Ferron 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1971,14(4):457-466
Infection experiments have been carried out in the laboratory by mixing increasing quantities of spores of Beauveria tenella and reduced doses of parathion or trichloronate (organophosphorus insecticides) with the rearing medium of white grubs (Melolontha melolontha) to verify whether it is possible to favour the development of the muscardine disease. The results are similar to those which were obtained previously with reduced doses of BHC: with low dosage of spores (5×104 per gram of peaf) which does not produce the mycosis after 4 months at 20°C, the addition of small quantities of parathion or trichloronate gives a real increase of muscardine; with an inoculum of 1×106 spores per gram, the mortality by the fungus is approximately the same with or without addition of insecticide, but the development of the disease is more rapid in the case of a simultaneous contamination by the spores and one of the two insecticides. These results give the possibility of carrying out field experiments with low quantities of a non long lasting insecticide so as to favour the development of the muscardine disease in a natural population of white grubs.
Résumé Des expériences d'infection des larves de M. melolontha par le champignon entomopathogène Beauveria tenella, en présence de doses réduites d'insecticides organo-phosphorés (parathion ou trichloronate), ont été réalisées au laboratoire pour vérifier s'il est ainsi possible de favoriser le développement de la mycose. Les résultats confirment ceux obtenus antérieurement avec des doses réduites de HCH: avec de faibles quantités de spores (5×104 conidiospores par gramme de tourbe utilisée comme milieu d'élevage des vers blancs), qui à elles seules ne provoquent pas l'apparition de la maladie après 4 mois d'observation à 20°, l'addition de faibles doses de parathion ou de trichloronate assure une réelle augmentation des cas de muscardine; avec un inoculum de 1×106 conidiospores par gramme, la mortalité par mycose est approximativement la même avec ou sans addition d'insecticide, mais le développement de l'infection est nettement plus rapide lorsque la tourbe est contaminée simultanément par le champignon et l'un des deux insecticides.相似文献
24.
A human TATA binding protein-related protein with altered DNA binding specificity inhibits transcription from multiple promoters and activators.
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Layec G Haseler LJ Hoff J Richardson RS 《American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology》2011,300(5):R1142-R1147
Impaired metabolism in peripheral skeletal muscles potentially contributes to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We used (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) to examine the energy cost and skeletal muscle energetics in six patients with COPD during dynamic plantar flexion exercise compared with six well-matched healthy control subjects. Patients with COPD displayed a higher energy cost of muscle contraction compared with the controls (control: 6.1 ± 3.1% of rest·min(-1)·W(-1), COPD: 13.6 ± 8.3% of rest·min(-1)·W(-1), P = 0.01). Although, the initial phosphocreatine resynthesis rate was also significantly attenuated in patients with COPD compared with controls (control: 74 ± 17% of rest/min, COPD: 52 ± 13% of rest/min, P = 0.04), when scaled to power output, oxidative ATP synthesis was similar between groups (6.5 ± 2.3% of rest·min(-1)·W(-1) in control and 7.8 ± 3.9% of rest·min(-1)·W(-1) in COPD, P = 0.52). Therefore, our results reveal, for the first time that in a small subset of patients with COPD a higher ATP cost of muscle contraction may substantially contribute to the lower mechanical efficiency previously reported in this population. In addition, it appears that some patients with COPD have preserved mitochondrial function and normal energy supply in lower limb skeletal muscle. 相似文献
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Rioux V Galat A Jan G Vinci F D'Andrea S Legrand P 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2002,13(2):66-74
Fatty acid acylation is a functionally important modification of proteins. In the liver, however, acylated proteins remain largely unknown. This work was aimed at investigating fatty acid acylation of proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. Incubation of these cells with [9,10-3H] myristic acid followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis separation of the delipidated cellular proteins and autoradiography evidenced the reproducible and selective incorporation of radioactivity from the precursor into 18 well-resolved proteins in the 10--120 kDa range and the 4--7 pH range. Radiolabeling of these proteins resulted from covalent linkage to the precursor [9,10-3H] myristic acid or to its elongation product, palmitic acid. The majority of the covalent linkages between the proteins and the fatty acids were broken by base hydrolysis, which indicated that the linkage was of thioester or ester-type. Only one of the studied proteins was attached to myristic acid via an amide linkage which resisted the basic treatment but was broken by acid hydrolysis. After incubation with [9,10-3H] palmitic acid, only two proteins previously detected with myristic acid were radiolabeled. Finally, the identified acylated proteins may be grouped into two classes: proteins involved in signal transduction (the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein and several small G proteins) and cytoskeletal proteins (cytokeratins, actin). 相似文献
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Lara Zafrani Virginie Lemiale Nathanael Lapidus Gwenael Lorillon Beno?t Schlemmer Elie Azoulay 《PloS one》2014,9(8)