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101.
Coral Reefs - Both natural and anthropogenic factors are changing coral-reef structure and function worldwide. Long-term monitoring has revealed declines in the local composition and species... 相似文献
102.
I-Hsin SUNG Sôichi YAMANE Kai-Kuang HO Wen-Jer WU Yue-Wen CHEN 《Entomological Science》2004,7(3):263-269
To examine morphological differences among queens, workers and males, 14 external body characters were measured in two colonies of the Taiwanese stingless bee Trigona ventralis hoozana. Queens were largest in all of the body parts measured except eye width and mesoscutum length, and values for most variables in queens did not overlap with those of workers and males. In contrast, the worker : male size ratios for 11 variables were close to 1.0, showing that overall body size and shape of workers resembled that of males rather than of queens. Males had the largest eyes and their mesoscutum length was comparable to that of queens. ancova between 14 morphometric variables and mesoscutum width chosen as standard body size showed that allometric growth in most variables was not linear. Plotting of some variables on mesoscutum width showed that queens had a proportionally wider first metasomal tergum and longer antennal scape, but a proportionally narrower head and eye than workers and males. These tests suggest that the morphological caste differences in this species belong to a category of complete dimorphism. 相似文献
103.
Mary H Torres Luz M Salazar Magnolia Vanegas Fanny Guzman Raul Rodriguez Yolanda Silva Jaiver Rosas Manuel E Patarroyo 《European journal of biochemistry》2003,270(19):3946-3952
The merozoite surface protein-1 represents a prime candidate for development of a malaria vaccine. Merozoite surface protein-1 has been shown to demonstrate high-activity peptide binding to human red blood cells. One of the high-activity binding peptides, named 5501, located in the N-terminus (amino acid sequence MLNISQHQCVKKQCPQNS) of the 19-kDa molecular mass fragment of merozoite surface protein-1, is conserved, nonimmunogenic and nonprotective. Its critical binding residues were identified and replaced with amino acids of similar mass but different charge, in order to modify their immunogenic and protective characteristics. Three analogues with positive or negative immunological results were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance to correlate their three-dimensional structure with their biological functions. The studied peptides presented alpha-helical fragments, but in different peptide regions and extensions, except for randomly structured 5501. We show that altering a few amino acids induced immunogenicity and protectivity against experimental malaria and changed the peptide three-dimensional structure, suggesting a better fit with immune-system molecules. 相似文献
104.
Govindan Velu Ravi P. Singh Maria Elena Cardenas Bihua Wu Carlos Guzman Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2017,39(9):212
At least two billion people around the world suffer from micronutrient deficiency, or hidden hunger, which is characterized by iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin A and zinc deficiency. As a key staple food crop, wheat provides 20% of the world’s dietary energy and protein, therefore wheat is an ideal vehicle for biofortification. Developing biofortified wheat varieties with genetically enhanced levels of grain zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations, and protein content provides a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the resource-poor wheat consumers. Large genetic variation for Fe and Zn were found in the primitive and wild relatives of wheat, the potential high Zn and Fe containing genetic resources were used as progenitors to breed high-yielding biofortified wheat varieties with 30–40% higher Zn content. Grain protein content (GPC) determines processing and end-use quality of wheat for making diverse food products. The GPC-B1 allele from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides have been well characterized for the increase in GPC and the associated pleiotropic effect on grain Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat. In this study effect of GPC-B1 allele on grain Zn and Fe concentrations in wheat were measured in different genetic backgrounds and two different agronomic management practices (with- and without foliar Zn fertilization). Six pairs of near-isogenic lines differing for GPC-B1 gene evaluated at CIMMYT, Mexico showed that GPC-B1 influenced marginal increase for grain Zn, Fe concentrations, grain protein content and slight reduction in kernel weight and grain yield. However, the magnitude of GPC and grain Zn and Fe reductions varied depending on the genetic background. Introgression of GPC-B1 functional allele in combination with normal or delayed maturity alleles in the CIMMYT elite wheat germplasm has the potential to improve GPC and grain Zn and Fe concentrations without the negative effect on grain yield due to early senescence and accelerated maturity. 相似文献
105.
Aims: The species identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for enterococci isolated from Southern California surface and ocean waters. Methods and Results: Species identification was determined for 1413 presumptive Enterococcus isolates from urban runoff, bay, ocean and sewage water samples. The most frequently isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus mundtii. All five of these species were isolated from ocean and bay water with a frequency ranging from 7% to 36%. Enterococcus casseliflavus was the most frequently isolated species in urban runoff making up 36–65% of isolates while E. faecium was the most frequently isolated species in sewage making up 53–78% of isolates. The similar distribution of species in urban runoff and receiving water suggests that urban runoff may be the source of Enterococcus. No vancomycin or high level gentamycin resistance was detected in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. Conclusions: Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. mundtii are the most commonly isolated Enterococcus species from urban runoff and receiving waters in Southern California. Significance and Impact of the Study: Determination of the Enterococcus species isolated from receiving waters and potential pollution sources may assist in determining the sources of pollution. 相似文献
106.
Agrobacterium‐produced and exogenous cytokinin‐modulated Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation
HAU‐HSUAN HWANG MING‐HSUAN WANG YING‐LING LEE YUN‐LONG TSAI YI‐HO LI FONG‐JHIH YANG YU‐CHEN LIAO SHAO‐KAI LIN ERH‐MIN LAI 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2010,11(5):677-690
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes neoplastic growths, called ‘crown gall’, via the transfer and integration of transferred DNA (T‐DNA) from the bacterium into the plant genome. We characterized an acetosyringone (AS)‐induced tumour‐inducing (Ti) plasmid gene, tzs (trans‐zeatin synthesizing), that is responsible for the synthesis of the plant hormone cytokinin in nopaline‐type A. tumefaciens strains. The loss of Tzs protein expression and trans‐zeatin secretions by the tzs frameshift (tzs‐fs) mutant is associated with reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on white radish stems and reduced transformation efficiencies on Arabidopsis roots. Complementation of the tzs‐fs mutant with a wild‐type tzs gene restored wild‐type levels of trans‐zeatin secretions and transformation efficiencies. Exogenous application of cytokinin during infection increased the transient transformation efficiency of Arabidopsis roots infected by strains lacking Tzs, which suggests that the lower transformation efficiency resulted from the lack of Agrobacterium‐produced cytokinin. Interestingly, although the tzs‐fs mutant displayed reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on several tested plants, the loss of Tzs enhanced tumorigenesis efficiencies on green pepper and cowpea. These data strongly suggest that Tzs, by synthesizing trans‐zeatin at early stage(s) of the infection process, modulates plant transformation efficiency by A. tumefaciens. 相似文献
107.
Reiter LA Freeman-Cook KD Jones CS Martinelli GJ Antipas AS Berliner MA Datta K Downs JT Eskra JD Forman MD Greer EM Guzman R Hardink JR Janat F Keene NF Laird ER Liras JL Lopresti-Morrow LL Mitchell PG Pandit J Robertson D Sperger D Vaughn-Bowser ML Waller DM Yocum SA 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2006,16(22):5822-5826
Using SAR from two related series of pyrimidinetrione-based inhibitors, compounds with potent MMP-13 inhibition and >100-fold selectivity against other MMPs have been identified. Despite high molecular weights, clogPs, and polar surface areas, the compounds are generally well absorbed and have excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties when dosed as sodium salts. In a rat fibrosis model, a compound from the series displayed no fibrosis at exposures many fold greater than its MMP-13 IC50. 相似文献
108.
109.
Beatty ME Stone A Fitzsimons DW Hanna JN Lam SK Vong S Guzman MG Mendez-Galvan JF Halstead SB Letson GW Kuritsky J Mahoney R Margolis HS;Asia-Pacific Americas Dengue Prevention Boards Surveillance Working Group 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2010,4(11):e890
Background
Dengue fever is a virus infection that is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and can cause severe disease especially in children. Dengue fever is a major problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.Methodology/Principal Findings
We invited dengue experts from around the world to attend meetings to discuss dengue surveillance. We reviewed literature, heard detailed reports on surveillance programs, and shared expert opinions.Results
Presentations by 22 countries were heard during the 2.5 day meetings. We describe the best methods of surveillance in general, the stakeholders in dengue surveillance, and the steps from mosquito bite to reporting of a dengue case to explore how best to carry out dengue surveillance. We also provide details and a comparison of the dengue surveillance programs by the presenting countries.Conclusions/Significance
The experts provided recommendations for achieving the best possible data from dengue surveillance accepting the realities of the real world (e.g., limited funding and staff). Their recommendations included: (1) Every dengue endemic country should make reporting of dengue cases to the government mandatory; (2) electronic reporting systems should be developed and used; (3) at minimum dengue surveillance data should include incidence, hospitalization rates, deaths by age group; (4) additional studies should be completed to check the sensitivity of the system; (5) laboratories should share expertise and data; (6) tests that identify dengue virus should be used in patients with fever for four days or less and antibody tests should be used after day 4 to diagnose dengue; and (7) early detection and prediction of dengue outbreaks should be goals for national surveillance systems. 相似文献110.
Maria G. Guzman Thomas Jaenisch Roger Gaczkowski Vo Thi Ty Hang Shamala Devi Sekaran Axel Kroeger Susana Vazquez Didye Ruiz Eric Martinez Juan C. Mercado Angel Balmaseda Eva Harris Efren Dimano Prisca Susan A. Leano Sutee Yoksan Elci Villegas Herminia Benduzu Iris Villalobos Jeremy Farrar Cameron P. Simmons 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2010,4(8)