卤虫中编码DM结构域的DNA序列的克隆和初步研究（简报）

性别决定的分子机制复杂多样,但是处于动物性别决定的基因调控网络底部的一些调控基因具有相当高的保守性。doublesex(dsx)基因和male abnomal-3(mab-3)基因分别是果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)性别决定调控途径末端的重要基因,对这两个基因序列的比较导致了DM结构域的发现,它是已知在性别发育过程中最为保守的DNA结合结构域。目前,已     

Effects of forest types on leaf functional traits and their interrelationships of Pinus massoniana coniferous and broad‐leaved mixed forests in the subtropical mountain,Southeastern China

Leaf functional traits are widely used to detect and explain adaptations that enable plants to live under various environmental conditions. This study aims to determine the difference in leaf functional traits among four forest types of Pinus massoniana coniferous and broad‐leaved mixed forests by leaf morphological, nutrients, and stoichiometric traits in the subtropical mountain, Southeastern China. Our study indicated that the evergreen conifer species of P. massoniana had higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf C content, C/N and C/P ratios, while the three deciduous broad‐leaved species of L. formosana, Q. tissima, and P. strobilacea had higher specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N, leaf P nutrient contents, and N/P ratio in the three mixed forest types. The results showed that the species of P. massoniana has adapted to the nutrient‐poor environment by increasing their leaf dry matter for higher construction costs thereby reducing water loss and reflects a resource conservation strategy. In contrast, the three species of L. formosana, Q. tissima, and P. strobilacea exhibited an optimized resource acquisition strategy rather than resource conservation strategy in the subtropical mountain of southeastern China. Regarding the four forest types, the three mixed forest types displayed increased plant leaf nutrient contents when compared to the pure P. massoniana forest, especially the P. massoniana–L. formosana mixed forest type (PLM). Overall, variation in leaf functional traits among different forest types may play an adaptive role in the successful survival of plants under diverse environments because leaf functional traits can lead to significant effects on leaf function, especially for their acquisition of nutrients and use of light. The results of this study are beneficial to reveal the changes in plant leaf functional traits at the regional scale, which will provide a foundation for predicting changes in leaf traits and adaptation in the future environment.     

脱氢紫堇碱对正常和低氧豚鼠心肌细胞内钙的影响

目的 :探讨脱氢紫堇碱 (dehydeocorydaline,DHC)及维拉帕米 (verapamil,Ver)对豚鼠心肌细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2 + ] i)变化的影响。方法 :采用离体豚鼠心脏Langendorff法灌注 ,用荧光指示剂方法 (Fure 2 /AM)标记心肌([Ca2 + ] i)变化。观察低氧后心肌 [Ca2 + ] i 的变化。结果 :①正常氧状态心肌 [Ca2 + ] i 均值为 (1 2 0 .5± 8.3)nmol/L(n =2 0 ) ;②正常氧条件下 ,DHC、Ver均使心肌 [Ca2 + ] i 明显下降。 (3)低氧状态下 ,心肌 [Ca2 + ] i 增加与缺氧时间(程度 )直线相关 (r=0 .98)。④DHC对低氧后心肌 [Ca2 + ] i 增加明显减缓。结论 :DHC在正常氧、低氧条件下阻止心肌细胞内钙超载 ,我们认为DHC可能提高心肌细胞的自我保护作用     

两株水生呼肠孤病毒部分特性的比较

水生呼肠孤病毒为感染水生动物的一类病原体,隶属于呼肠孤病毒科新建水生呼肠孤病毒属。草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)是引起中国南方淡水养殖草鱼暴发性出血病病原,鲅鱼呼肠孤病毒(Threadfin reovirus,TFV)是引起海水养殖鲅鱼病毒病病原。本研究将GCRV与新加坡TFV分离株进行了部分特性比较研究。结果表明,GCRV与TFV均能感染CIK细胞,但对其它鱼类细胞系的敏感性有所差异。此外,凝胶电泳与逆转录聚合酶链式扩增显示,GCRV与TFV核酸属不同的基因型。在多肽特性上,证实了GCRV的5条主要结构多肽具有与。FTV及水生呼肠孤病毒相似的特性。Westem blot检测显示,草鱼呼肠孤病毒与TFV结构蛋白拥有部分相同的抗原决定簇。     

马铃薯StPSKRs基因的克隆及其亚细胞定位分析

该研究采用同源克隆与PCR扩增方法,从马铃薯品种‘Desiree’中克隆植物磺肽素受体基因StPSKR1和StPSKR2的全长cDNA,并对其进行生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位分析,为深入研究StPSKR1和StPSKR2基因在马铃薯生长发育和生物胁迫中的作用提供理论依据。结果发现:(1)通过同源克隆与PCR扩增获得StPSKR1和StPSKR2的全长cDNA片段,并将其克隆到pGWB5-GFP载体;测序结果显示这2个基因编码的蛋白质与数据库给定的蛋白质序列保持一致,表明成功克隆到StPSKR1和StPSKR2基因。(2)StPSKR1位于马铃薯1号染色体上,cDNA全长3 042 bp,编码1 013个氨基酸,预测蛋白相对分子质量为112.16 kD,理论等电点6.27;StPSKR2位于7号染色体,cDNA全长3 135 bp,编码1 044个氨基酸,相对分子量为114.99 kD,理论等电点6.19。(3)生物信息学分析显示,StPSKR1和StPSKR2都属于跨膜蛋白。(4)亚细胞定位结果显示,StPSKR1和StPSKR2均定位于细胞膜上。     

Ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis in vivo requires BAX in the developing mouse brain

A single episode of ethanol intoxication triggers widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant rat or mouse brain. The cell death process occurs over a 6-16 h period following ethanol administration, is accompanied by a robust display of caspase-3 enzyme activation, and meets ultrastructural criteria for apoptosis. Two apoptotic pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) have been described, either of which may culminate in the activation of caspase-3. The intrinsic pathway is regulated by Bax and Bcl-XL and involves Bax-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and release of cytochrome c as antecedent events leading to caspase-3 activation. Activation of caspase-8 is a key event preceding caspase-3 activation in the extrinsic pathway. In the present study, following ethanol administration to infant mice, we found no change in activated caspase-8, which suggests that the extrinsic pathway is not involved in ethanol-induced apoptosis. We also found that ethanol triggers robust caspase-3 activation and apoptotic neurodegeneration in C57BL/6 wildtype mice, but induces neither phenomenon in homozygous Bax-deficient mice. Therefore, it appears that ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis is an intrinsic pathway-mediated phenomenon involving Bax-induced disruption of mitochondrial membranes and cytochrome c release as early events leading to caspase-3 activation.     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌PrfA蛋白转录调控毒力基因表达的分子机制

单核细胞增生李斯特菌 (Listeria monocytogenes LM) 属于典型的细胞内寄生革兰氏阳性菌, 是WHO公布的四大食源性致病菌之一。LM不仅是人畜共患传染病李斯特菌病 (listeriosis) 的主要病原菌, 也是研究胞内感染和细胞介导的免疫应答的模式细菌。绝大多数LM毒力基因的转录表达受到PrfA蛋白的调控。本文简单介绍了LM侵染宿主细胞必需的毒力基因及其产物; 重点对毒力基因调节蛋白PrfA的结构和功能, PrfA调节毒力基因表达的主要方式最新进展进行了综述和讨论。     

Hydrological regulation drives regime shifts: evidence from paleolimnology and ecosystem modeling of a large shallow Chinese lake

Quantitative evidence of sudden shifts in ecological structure and function in large shallow lakes is rare, even though they provide essential benefits to society. Such ‘regime shifts’ can be driven by human activities which degrade ecological stability including water level control (WLC) and nutrient loading. Interactions between WLC and nutrient loading on the long‐term dynamics of shallow lake ecosystems are, however, often overlooked and largely underestimated, which has hampered the effectiveness of lake management. Here, we focus on a large shallow lake (Lake Chaohu) located in one of the most densely populated areas in China, the lower Yangtze River floodplain, which has undergone both WLC and increasing nutrient loading over the last several decades. We applied a novel methodology that combines consistent evidence from both paleolimnological records and ecosystem modeling to overcome the hurdle of data insufficiency and to unravel the drivers and underlying mechanisms in ecosystem dynamics. We identified the occurrence of two regime shifts: one in 1963, characterized by the abrupt disappearance of submerged vegetation, and another around 1980, with strong algal blooms being observed thereafter. Using model scenarios, we further disentangled the roles of WLC and nutrient loading, showing that the 1963 shift was predominantly triggered by WLC, whereas the shift ca. 1980 was attributed to aggravated nutrient loading. Our analysis also shows interactions between these two stressors. Compared to the dynamics driven by nutrient loading alone, WLC reduced the critical P loading and resulted in earlier disappearance of submerged vegetation and emergence of algal blooms by approximately 26 and 10 years, respectively. Overall, our study reveals the significant role of hydrological regulation in driving shallow lake ecosystem dynamics, and it highlights the urgency of using multi‐objective management criteria that includes ecological sustainability perspectives when implementing hydrological regulation for aquatic ecosystems around the globe.     

中国鲎精子发生的研究:Ⅱ.精子形成

应用电技术研究中国鲎精子形成过程和特点,早期精子细胞核圆,染色质呈网状分布,胞质中有许多线粒体和高尔基液泡,精子形成期间,出现合胞体现象,核分裂而胞质不分裂,细胞通过胞质桥相联系,随后出现隔板,逐渐将细胞核分开。细胞随访核向后移动而呈现极化现象。核的顶部出现一个高尔基－线粒体区,顶体由高在液泡演变而。精子形成期间,核中央位置形成贯穿整个的中央通道,并在核中形成植入窝,中心粒位于其中,成熟精子胞质极