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The reliability and durability of lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are severely hindered by the kinetic imbalance between capacitive and Faradaic electrodes. Efficient charge storage in LICs is still a huge challenge, particularly for thick electrodes with high mass loading, fast charge delivery, and harsh working conditions. Here, a unique thermally durable, stable LIC with high energy density from all‐inorganic hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAP NW)‐enabled electrodes and separators is reported. Namely, the LIC device is designed and constructed with the electron/ion dual highly conductive and fire‐resistant composite Li4Ti5O12‐based anode and activated carbon‐based cathode, together with a thermal‐tolerant HAP NW separator. Despite the thick‐electrode configuration, the as‐fabricated all HAP NW‐enabled LIC exhibits much enhanced electrochemical kinetics and performance, especially at high current rates and temperatures. Long cycling lifetime and state‐of‐the‐art areal energy density (1.58 mWh cm?2) at a high mass loading of 30 mg cm?2 are achieved. Benefiting from the excellent fire resistance of HAP NWs, such an unusual LIC exhibits high thermal durability and can work over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to 150 °C. Taking full advantage of synergistic configuration design, this work sets the stage for designing advanced LICs beyond the research of active materials. 相似文献
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Yang Liu Jing Cai Wenfeng Liu Yuan Lin Li Guo Xincheng Liu Zhen Qin Cuiying Xu Yanming Zhang Xingwen Su Kai Deng Guangmei Yan Jiankai Liang 《Cell death & disease》2020,11(12)
Reversing the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to achieve long-term efficacy with cancer immunotherapy. Despite the impressive clinical response to checkpoint blockade in multiple types of cancer, only a minority of patients benefit from this approach. Here, we report that the oncolytic virus M1 induces immunogenic tumor cell death and subsequently restores the ability of dendritic cells to prime antitumor T cells. Intravenous injection of M1 disrupts immune tolerance in the privileged TME, reprogramming immune-silent (cold) tumors into immune-inflamed (hot) tumors. M1 elicits potent CD8+ T cell-dependent therapeutic effects and establishes long-term antitumor immune memory in poorly immunogenic tumor models. Pretreatment with M1 sensitizes refractory tumors to subsequent checkpoint blockade by boosting T-cell recruitment and upregulating the expression of PD-L1. These findings reveal the antitumor immunological mechanism of the M1 virus and indicated that oncolytic viruses are ideal cotreatments for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.Subject terms: Cancer microenvironment, Targeted therapies 相似文献
157.
Pectinase was immobilized on a sodium alginate support using glutaraldehyde and retained 66% activity. The optimal pH for
activity shifted from 3.0 to 3.5 after immobilization; however, the optimum temperature remained unchanged at 40°C. The immobilized
enzyme also had a higher thermal stability and reusability than the free enzyme, and retained 80% of initial activity after
11 batch reactions. 相似文献
158.
According to the ultrastructural characteristic observation of the developing male germ cells, spermatogenesis of the crustacean
shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, is classified into spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocyte, four stages of spermatids, and mature sperm.
The basic protein transition during its spermatogenesis is studied by transmission electron microscopy of ammoniacal silver
reaction and immunoelectron microscopical distribution of acetylated histone H4. The results show that basic protein synthesized
in cytoplasm of spermatogonia is transferred into the nucleus with deposition on new duplicated DNA. In the spermatocyte stage,
some nuclear basic protein combined with RNP is transferred into the cytoplasm and is involved in forming the cytoplasmic
vesicle clumps. In the early spermatid, most of the basic protein synthesized in the new spermatid cytoplasm is transferred
into the nucleus, and the chromatin condensed gradually, and the rest is shifted into the pre-acrosomal vacuole. In the middle
spermatid, the nuclear basic protein linked with DNA is acetylated and transferred into the proacrosomal vacuole and assembled
into the acrosomal blastema. At the late spermatid, almost all of the basic protein in the nucleus has been removed into the
acrosome. During the stage from late spermatid to mature sperm, some de novo basic proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm belt
transfer into the nucleus without a membrane and almost all deposit in the periphery to form a supercoating. The remnant histone
H4 accompanied by chromatin fibers is acetylated in the center of the nucleus, leading to relaxed DNA and activated genes
making the nucleus non-condensed. 相似文献
159.
An orthologue of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene, AmNHX2, was isolated from a desert plant, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, by RACE-PCR. It has a total length of 1,986 bp, with an open reading frame of 1,632 bp, encoding a predicted polypeptide
of 543 amino acids. Sequence similarity and exon constituent analysis clearly suggested that AmNHX2 encoded an AtNHX2 (an antiporter from Arabidopsis) like vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter. AmNHX2 could be strongly induced by both drought and salt stress. Heterologous expression in the yeast mutant nhx1 indicated that AmNHX2 was the orthologue of ScNHX1, and the complementation effect was almost the same as AtNHX1. Over-expressing AmNHX2 resulted in enhanced tolerances to both drought and salt stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The transgenic plants
accumulated lower Na+ content in their leaves, showing healthier root system after salt stress, and retained more water during the drought stress.
Our work suggested that AmNHX2 was a salt tolerance determinant in A. mongolicus, but might not be a contributor to the difference in salt sensitivity between A. thaliana and A. mongolicus. 相似文献
160.
Yingrui Liu Brent A. Bell Ying Song Hye J. Kim Jacob K. Sterling Benjamin J. Kim Maura Poli Michelle Guo Kevin Zhang Aditya Rao Janet R. Sparrow Guanfang Su Joshua L. Dunaief 《Aging cell》2021,20(11)
Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age‐related retinal diseases, including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Previous work showed that intravitreal (IVT) injection of iron induces acute photoreceptor death, lipid peroxidation, and autofluorescence (AF). Herein, we extend this work, finding surprising chronic features of the model: geographic atrophy and sympathetic ophthalmia. We provide new mechanistic insights derived from focal AF in the photoreceptors, quantification of bisretinoids, and localization of carboxyethyl pyrrole, an oxidized adduct of docosahexaenoic acid associated with AMD. In mice given IVT ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), RPE died in patches that slowly expanded at their borders, like human geographic atrophy. There was green AF in the photoreceptor ellipsoid, a mitochondria‐rich region, 4 h after injection, followed later by gold AF in rod outer segments, RPE and subretinal myeloid cells. The green AF signature is consistent with flavin adenine dinucleotide, while measured increases in the bisretinoid all‐trans‐retinal dimer are consistent with the gold AF. FAC induced formation carboxyethyl pyrrole accumulation first in photoreceptors, then in RPE and myeloid cells. Quantitative PCR on neural retina and RPE indicated antioxidant upregulation and inflammation. Unexpectedly, reminiscent of sympathetic ophthalmia, autofluorescent myeloid cells containing abundant iron infiltrated the saline‐injected fellow eyes only if the contralateral eye had received IVT FAC. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the potential toxicity caused by AMD‐associated retinal iron accumulation. The mouse model will be useful for testing antioxidants, iron chelators, ferroptosis inhibitors, anti‐inflammatory medications, and choroidal neovascularization inhibitors. 相似文献