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151.
S. W. Guo 《American journal of human genetics》1994,54(6):1104-1109
I provide a novel approach to computing the mean and variance of the proportion of genetic material shared identical by descent (IBD) by sibling pairs in a specified chromosomal region, conditional on observed marker data. I first show that each chromosome in an offspring can be represented by a two-state Markov chain, with the time parameter being the map distance along the chromosome. On this basis, I show that IBD proportion can be written as a stochastic integral and that the computation of its mean and variance can be reduced to evaluation of an integral of some elementary functions. In addition, I show how Goldgar's model can be extended to include dominance effects. Several examples are provided to illustrate the calculation. 相似文献
152.
Studies of cell pellets: I. Electrical properties and porosity. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Cell pellets formed by centrifugation provided a good system to study the osmotic behavior, electroporation, and interaction between cells. Rabbit erythrocyte pellets were used in this study because they were simpler than nucleated cells to model analytically. Structurally, cell pellets possessed properties of porous solid bodies and gels. Electrically, cell pellets were shown to behave as a parallel set of resistance, Rp, and capacitance, Cp. Information on pellet structures was obtained from electric measurements. The pellet resistance reflected the intercellular conductivity (porosity and gap conductivity), whereas the pellet capacitance depended mostly on membrane capacitance. The pellet resistance was more sensitive to experimental conditions. The intercellular gap distance can be derived from pellet porosity measurements, providing the cell volume and surface area were known. Rp increased and relaxed exponentially with time when centrifugation started and stopped; the cycles were reversible. When supernatants were exchanged with solutions containing hypotonic electrolytes or macromolecules (such as PEG) after the pellets were formed, complicated responses to different colloidal osmotic effects were observed. A transient decrease followed by a large increase of Rp was observed after the application of a porating electric pulse, as expected from a momentary membrane breakdown, followed by a limited colloidal-osmotic swelling of pelleted cells. The equilibrium values of Rp, Cp, pellet porosity, and intercellular distances were measured and calculated as functions of cell number, centrifugation force, and ionic strength of the exchanged supernatant. Thus, the structure and properties of cell pellets can be completely characterized by electrical measurements. 相似文献
153.
Electrically induced fusion of mammalian cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were fused by subjecting cell suspensions to an exponentially decaying electric pulse in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), Dextran or Ficoll. PEG (MW 1,000, 3,350, 8,000, 10,000 and 18,500), Dextran (MW 71,200) and Ficoll (MW 400,000) were added to the pulsing medium. A single exponential electric pulse with peak field strength of 4 kV/cm, and a half-time of 0.72 msec was used. The combination of two techniques, PEG-induced fusion and electrofusion, resulted in highly efficient fusion of CHO cells. Fusion yields (FY) at different concentrations of these polymers were measured using phase-contrast microscopy. FY was highly dependent on the concentration of PEG in media, while the presence of Dextran and Ficoll had no influence on fusion yield. PEG with MW 8,000 was found to be the most effective in causing cell aggregation, and to give the highest FY (40%). An optimal concentration for fusion was found for PEG of each molecular weight. Diluting cells suspended in higher concentrations of PEG to these optimal concentrations after the pulse application regained the optimal FY. It was concluded that PEG-induced prepulse aggregation and moderate cell swelling immediately after the pulse were important factors in achieving high fusion yields.This work is supported by a grant GM-30969 from the National Institutes of Health. Traveling fellowship to N.G.S. was supported from Foundation Cyrill and Methodius and grant N-189 from MCES of Bulgaria. 相似文献
154.
R. R. Sakai P. F. He X. D. Yang L. Y. Ma Y. F. Guo J. J. Reilly C. N. Moga S. J. Fluharty 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,62(5):2053-2056
Abstract: Antisense Oligonucleotides were developed to study the expression and function of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors in cultured cells and brain. In both liver epithelial WB and neuro-blastoma N1E-115 cells AT1 antisense oligomers substantially decreased AT1 receptor density, whereas angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors remained unchanged. Similarly, repeated intracerebroventricular injections of AT1 antisense oligomers in rats decreased AT1 receptor density in hypothalamic-thalamic-septal tissue, and AT2 receptors were unaffected. Intracerebroventricular antisense oligomers also attenuated drinking elicited by intra-cerebroventricular angiotensin II but not the cholinomimetic carbachol. Collectively, these results demonstrate that antisense Oligonucleotides attenuate angiotensin receptor expression and function in behaving animals. 相似文献
155.
Capsid assembly and involved function analysis of twelve core protein mutants of duck hepatitis B virus. 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
The roles of different regions of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core protein on viral capsid assembly and related functions were examined. Twelve deletion and insertion mutations which covered 80% of the DHBV C open reading frame were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The N-terminal region (amino acids 3 to 66) of DHBV core protein was important for its tertiary structure and function in E. coli. The expressed core mutants without this region apparently inhibited E. coli growth. The results of transmission electron microscopy of E. coli thin sections, capsid agarose gel, and sucrose gradient sedimentation demonstrated that a few DHBV core mutants with insertion in the N terminus and deletion in the C terminus retained the ability to form core-like particles in E. coli. However, other mutations in most of N-terminal and central regions strongly inhibited the self-assembly ability of DHBV core protein in E. coli. In addition, the mutant with a C-terminal region deletion (amino acids 181 to 228) lost most of the nucleic acid-binding activity of the DHBV core protein. 相似文献
156.
Summary Heavy metals in electroplating effluent inhibited specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of anaerobic starch-degrading granules. The SMA of granules on the degradation of starch were reduced by 50% when each gram of biomass was in contact individually with 105 mg of zinc, 120 mg of nickel, 180 mg of copper, 310 mg of chromium, or >400 mg of cadmium. Granules had higher toxicity-resistance than flocculent sludge, due to their layered structure. 相似文献
157.
旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原的基因克隆及高效表达 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
作者对编码旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原的部分结构基因进行了克隆、鉴定和表达。用RNA PCR技术直接从旋毛虫肌幼虫总RNA中反转录并扩增出0.7kh的靶DNA,酶切分析后将其克隆到融合表达载体pEx3lC中。SDS—PAGE电泳表明,含重组子的大肠杆菌能够表达出一分子量为37kDa的融合蛋白(P37),后者占菌体总蛋白的22%以上,并以包含体形式存在于菌体中。经对纯化后表达蛋白的ELlSA检测,证明它能被猪旋毛虫病阳性血清和抗旋毛虫单克隆抗体识别。研究结果揭示,重组蛋白P37对于研制旋毛虫病诊断抗原和免疫抗原具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
158.
华中冬青化学成分的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从华中冬青(Ilex centrochinensis S.Y.Hu)的叶片分离到9 种黄酮类化合物:1 种新化合物鉴定为3,5,5,7-四羟基二氢黄酮,命名为华中冬青黄酮(Ⅰ);8 种化合物鉴定为柚皮素(Ⅱ)、橙皮素(Ⅲ)、异樱花素(Ⅳ)、枸柑甙(Ⅴ)、橙皮甙(Ⅵ)、洋芹素(Ⅶ)、紫云英甙(Ⅷ)和野漆树甙(Ⅸ)。它们皆首次从该植物分得 相似文献
159.
水平回转对水稻幼苗叶细胞的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对在模拟微重力装置上回转14 天的水稻幼苗叶细胞进行了亚显微形态、电子探针和细胞酶化学研究。发现叶细胞质膜上Ca2+ -ATP酶活性消失,膜内钙总量上升、膜外钙总量下降,细胞骨架变得疏松,细胞壁变薄并凹凸不平。叶绿体的基粒和线粒体的内嵴亦有部分变化。其变化机制,首先是细胞质膜上Ca2+ -ATP酶活性消失,膜上钙泵停止工作,跨膜钙浓度差减小,膜内钙浓度上升,微管、微丝聚合受阻,细胞骨架疏松,分泌泡移动失去导向,从而导致细胞壁变薄等状态 相似文献
160.
芦苇耐盐变异植株及其细胞学鉴定 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理芦苇(Phragm itescom m unis Trin.)胚性愈伤组织。从处理后的愈伤组织诱导获得芦苇耐盐变异植株R5002-12。变异植株能在含有1% NaCl的MS培养基上生长。细胞学检查变异植株是混倍体,染色体数目变异范围在100至33 之间。分蘖植株具有相似的形态学及染色体变异特性 相似文献