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81.
82.
A. Yu. Skorokhodova A. Yu. Gulevich V. G. Debabov 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2016,52(7):679-684
The genes frdAB and sdhAB, which encode components of fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase, have been deleted in a recombinant E. coli strain with the inactivated pathways of mixed-acid fermentation and a modified system of glucose transport and phosphorylation upon the heterological expression of the pyruvate carboxylase gene. Under anaerobic conditions, the parental strain efficiently converted glucose to succinic acid without synthesizing notable amounts of fumaric or malic acid. Upon individual deletion of the frdAB genes, the mutant strain fermented glucose to succinic acid less efficiently secreting notable amounts of malic and fumaric acids. Individual deletion of the sdhAB genes in the parental strain did not significantly affect the formation of the main fermentation end-product. The combined inactivation of fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase in the constructed strain enhanced the anaerobic conversion of glucose to fumaric and malic acids with the activation of the glyoxylate bypass and decrease in the contribution of the reductive branch of the TCA cycle to the formation of the target products. 相似文献
83.
Román González-Prieto Sabine AG Cuijpers Martijn S Luijsterburg Haico van Attikum Alfred CO Vertegaal 《EMBO reports》2015,16(4):512-519
SUMOylation plays important roles in the DNA damage response. However, whether it is important for interstrand crosslink repair remains unknown. We report that the SLX4 nuclease scaffold protein is regulated by SUMOylation. We have identified three SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs) in SLX4, mutating all of which abrogated the binding of SLX4 to SUMO-2 and covalent SLX4 SUMOylation. An SLX4 mutant lacking functional SIMs is not recruited to PML nuclear bodies nor stabilized at laser-induced DNA damage sites. Additionally, we elucidated a novel role for PARylation in the recruitment of SLX4 to sites of DNA damage. Combined, our results uncover how SLX4 is regulated by post-translational modifications. 相似文献
84.
Joel AG van Roon 《Arthritis research & therapy》2007,9(4):106
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) bind the constant Fc region of IgG molecules. IgG/antigen-containing immune complexes elicit a variety
of effector functions in cells that express activating FcγRs. Because activating FcγRs are present on cells from the innate
immune system, such as dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, these IgG receptors form a crucial link between
the innate and the acquired immune systems. Recently, the ability to detect the inhibitory FcγRIIb on cells has indicated
an imbalance between activating and inhibitory FcγRs in rheumatoid arthritis. This progress offers an opportunity to study
modulation of FcγR balance and could stimulate development of FcγR-directed immunotherapy. 相似文献
85.
86.
Conservation of alternative splicing and genomic organization of the myosin alkali light-chain (Mlc1) gene among Drosophila species 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Mlc1 gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes two MLC1 isoforms via
developmentally regulated alternative pre-mRNA splicing. In larval muscle
and tubular and abdominal muscles of adults, all of the six exons are
included in the spliced mRNA, whereas, in the fibrillar indirect flight
muscle of adult, exon 5 is excluded from the mRNA. We show that this
tissue-specific pattern of alternative splicing of the Mlc1 pre-mRNA is
conserved in D. simulans, D. pseudoobscura, and D. virilis. Isolation and
sequencing of the Mlc1 genes from these three other Drosophila species have
revealed that the overall organization of the genes is identical and that
the genes have maintained a very high level of sequence identity within the
coding region. Pairwise amino acid identities are 94%-99%, and there are no
charge changes among the proteins. Total nucleotide divergence within the
coding region of the four genes supports the accepted genealogy of these
species, but the data indicate a significantly higher rate of amino acid
replacement in the branch leading to D. pseudoobscura. A comparison of
nucleotide substitutions in the coding portions of exon 5 and exon 6, which
encode the alternative carboxyl termini of the two MLC1 isoforms, suggests
that exon 5 is subject to greater evolutionary constraints than is exon 6.
In addition to the coding sequences, there is significant sequence
conservation within the 5' and 3' noncoding DNA and two of the introns,
including one that flanks exon 5. These regions are candidates for cis-
regulatory elements. Our results suggest that evolutionary constraints are
acting on both the coding and noncoding sequences of the Mlc1 gene to
maintain proper expression and function of the two MLC1 polypeptides.
相似文献
87.
John E. Casida Alexander G. Gulevich Richmond Sarpong Eric M. Bunnelle 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2010,18(5):1942-1947
We report the first synthesis of 2-thioglycerol and S-arachidonoyl-2-thioglycerol (the thioester analog of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol) in an eight or nine step procedure with a yield of ~25% and establish the use of this substrate for maleimide-based fluorescent and dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-based colorimetric assays of human recombinant monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase (hMAGL) and human brain membrane MAG hydrolase activity. Inhibitor structure–activity relationships observed here for hMAGL and 2-ATG correlate well (r2 = 0.93, n = 9) with earlier findings for mouse brain MAG hydrolase with non-thiol substrates. 相似文献
88.
IL-7 is known foremost for its immunostimulatory capacities, including potent T cell-dependent catabolic effects on bone. In joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, IL-7, via immune activation, can induce joint destruction. Now it has been demonstrated that increased IL-7 levels are produced by human articular chondrocytes of older individuals and osteoarthritis patients. IL-7 stimulates production of proteases by IL-7 receptor-expressing chondrocytes and enhances cartilage matrix degradation. This indicates that IL-7, indirectly via immune activation, but also by a direct action on cartilage, contributes to joint destruction in rheumatic diseases. 相似文献
89.
Shikhevich SG Os'kina IN Gulevich RG 《Rossi?skii fiziologicheski? zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2003,89(1):75-82
Reaction of pituitary-adrenal axis to a 10-day immobilisation stress and a humoral immune response to subsequent injection of sheep red blood cells were investigated in gray rats selected for enhancement of decrease of aggressive behavior towards humans. It was show that pituitary-adrenal axis reaction of aggressive animals to repeated stress did not change during the experiment, while a decrease of stress-induced corticosterone level was observed already on day 5 of stress. Repeated stress led to enhancement of humoral immune response in aggressive rats, whereas it did not bring about any change in tame animals. based on the obtained data, it could be supposed that breeding of gray rats for domesticated behavior led a faster adaptation to repeated stress and the absence of stimulating influence on humoral immune response in tame rats. 相似文献
90.
The substrate specificity of the unlinking enzyme from ascites carcinoma Krebs II cells has been investigated. The enzyme specifically splits the interpolymeric phosphodiester bond between Kp and the 5´-terminal phosphate group of the uridylic acid residue in the Kp–pUpUpGp complex. 相似文献