不同管理模式对茶树碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量比的影响

植物不同器官的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物内部的养分分配与平衡关系。该研究以福建安溪3种不同管理模式的铁观音茶园为研究对象, 设置了常规管理模式下的茶园(M1)、间作套种模式下的茶园(M2)和现代技术管理模式下的茶园(M3) 3种样地, 分析茶树根、茎、叶器官的C、N、P含量及其化学计量学特征, 养分的变异特征与异速生长关系。结果表明: M2和M3管理模式下茶树根、茎、叶N、P含量均显著高于M1管理模式, C含量差异不明显; 茶树根、茎、叶C:N、C:P、N:P均表现为M1 > M2 > M3。茶树不同器官C、N、P含量差异较大, 根据变异来源分析, 管理模式因素对C、N、P含量变异的影响均达到显著水平。根茎叶N-P的异速生长关系表明茶树不同器官的养分需求存在相似性; 土壤pH和容重是影响C:N、C:P、N:P的重要因素, 而土壤含水量和盐度对茶树根和叶C含量的影响较大。总体来讲, 间作套种以及现代化滴灌、水肥等管理模式可以改善茶树对养分的吸收效率, 对解决土壤养分不均衡问题具有正面效应。     

不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法在根除幽门螺杆菌失败补救治疗中的应用

目的探讨不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法在首次根除幽门螺杆菌(H. pylori)失败患者补救治疗中的作用。方法选择西安市第一医院消化内科90例经标准四联疗法根除H. pylori失败的患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组A(A组)、研究组B(B组)与对照组(C组),各30例。A组患者使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合补救四联疗法治疗。B组患者在补救四联疗法结束后序贯使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片2周。C组患者单独采用补救四联疗法治疗。比较3组患者临床症状、不良反应发生率及H. pylori根除率。结果A组、B组、C组患者总有效率分别为93.33%(28/30),90.00%(27/30),66.67%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.120,P=0.010)。A组、B组、C组患者总不良反应发生率分别为13.33%(4/30)、16.67%(5/30)、66.67%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.522,P<0.001)。A组、B组、C组患者H. pylori根除率分别为60.00%(18/30)、63.33%(19/30)、33.33%(10/30),差异有统计学意义(χ² =6.502,P=0.039)。A组与B组患者H. pylori根除率相比差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.071,P=0.791)。结论复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合四联疗法可提高首次四联疗法根除H. pylori失败患者H. pylori根除率,改善患者临床症状,降低总体不良反应发生率,但不同干预时机下复方嗜酸乳杆菌片对H. pylori根除率无明显影响。     

丁酸梭菌抑制Cdk2表达经Wnt/βcatenin 信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞迁移

目的研究丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum,C. butyricum)与细胞周期蛋白激酶2(Cdk2)对结直肠癌细胞迁移的作用,探讨其作用机制。方法以结直肠癌细胞DLD1作为研究载体,运用蛋白印迹法(Western blot)、MTT、定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)、Transwell和划痕实验等研究C. butyricum和Cdk2对结直肠癌形成的影响。结果Western blot和qPCR结果显示,癌组织Cdk2阳性表达率明显高于癌旁组织(t=8.271,P<0.01)。qPCR结果表明C. butyricum在结直肠癌患者粪便中的丰度明显低于正常人群(t=6.903,P<0.05)。MTT、Transwell和划痕实验表明,C. butyricum培养上清作用的结直肠癌细胞生长速度明显低于对照组(MTT:96 h t=4.356,P<0.05; 120 h t=6.025,P<0.05。Transwell:C. butyricum t=3.794,P<0.05; Cdk2 knockdown t=5.086,P<0.01;丁酸梭菌+Cdk2 knockdown t=4.815,P<0.01。划痕:24 h t=4.356,P<0.01; 48 h t=6.025,P<0.01),且C. butyricum通过Cdk2抑制了结直肠癌细胞增殖与迁移能力。Western blot结果显示C. butyricum抑制Cdk2的表达,且与Cdk2协同作用调控Wnt/βcatenin信号通路。结论C. butyricum通过抑制Cdk2经Wnt/βcatenin信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞的增殖和迁移。     

基于新型冠状病毒S蛋白结构及入胞机制的抗体与药物研发

新型冠状病毒肺炎,世界卫生组织命名为“2019冠状病毒病”（corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19）,是一种由2019新型冠状病毒（2019 nCov）感染导致的肺炎。目前新冠肺炎在全球广泛流行,且疫情尚未得到全部控制。由于新型冠状病毒表面的刺突蛋白（spike protein,S）介导病毒与细胞膜受体结合并参与入胞过程,S蛋白在病毒的传播过程中发挥着重要作用。针对S蛋白的研究不仅可以解析病毒相关蛋白质结构与功能,阐释其入胞机制,同时也为新冠肺炎的预防、诊断与治疗提供相关信息,有着重要的应用价值。S蛋白与特异性受体--血管紧张素酶II（angiotensin converting enzyme II, ACE2）结合,相较于SARS病毒,新型冠状病毒S蛋白的RBD区域（receptor binding domain）与ACE2亲和力更高,但其S蛋白与ACE2结合能力整体上弱于SARS病毒。S蛋白结合ACE2受体 介导的新型冠状病毒入胞机制包括胞吞和非胞吞途径。丝氨酸蛋白酶2（transmembrane protease serine 2, TMPRSS2）、溶酶体组织蛋白酶（lysosomal cathepsin）和Furin蛋白酶可切割S蛋白S1和S2亚基间的酶切位点,促进病毒和靶膜的融合。基于S蛋白的结构,本文从抗体的结合位点、来源与类型等方面对靶向新型冠状病毒S蛋白的抗体进行了比较分析,对相关药物作用机制与进展进行了综述。虽然靶向冠状病毒S蛋白的抗体和药物特异性高,治疗效果较好,但部分试剂的作用机制、安全性、适用性和稳定性等性质仍未研究透彻,需要严格评估,因此其研发与应用也存在着一定挑战。     

Heterogeneous interactome between Litopenaeus vannamei plasma proteins and Vibrio parahaemolyticus outer membrane proteins

A great loss has been suffered by microbial infectious diseases under intensive shrimp farming in recent years. In this background, the understanding of shrimp innate immunity becomes an importantly scientific issue, but little is known about the heterogeneous protein–protein interaction between pathogenic cells and hosts, which is a key step for the invading microbes to infect internet organs through bloodstream. In the present study, bacterial outer membrane (OM) protein array and pull-down approaches are used to isolate both Vibrio parahaemolyticus OM proteins that bind to shrimp serum proteins and the shrimp serum proteins that interact with bacterial cells, respectively. Three interacting shrimp serum proteins, hemocyanin, β-1,3-glucan binding protein and LV_HP_RA36F08r and thirty interacting OM proteins were determined. They form 63 heterogeneous protein–protein interactions. Nine out of the 30 OM proteins were randomly demonstrated to be up-regulated or down-regulated when bacterial cells were cultured with shrimp sera, indicating the biological significance of the network. The interesting findings uncover the complexity of struggle between host immunity and bacterial infection. Compared with our previous report on heterogeneous interactome between fish grill and bacterial OM proteins, the present study further extends the investigation from lower vertebrates to invertebrates and develops a bacterial OM protein array to identify the OM proteins bound with shrimp serum proteins, which elevates the frequencies of the bound OM proteins. Our results highlight the way to determine and understand the heterogeneous interaction between hosts and microbes.     

竹叶菜的组织培养研究

竹叶菜为百合科鹿药属一种多年生草本植物,因做菜口感好,且营养丰富、药用价值高而成为深受人们喜爱的一种野生蔬菜.有关竹叶菜及其同属的组织培养研究均未见报道.本文以竹叶菜的顶芽为外植体,通过器官发生途径,初步探索了竹叶菜的组织培养技术,结果表明:芽诱导的合适培养基为:MS +6-BA 1.5 +NAA 0.05+0.6％琼脂+3％蔗糖;芽继代培养的合适培养基为:MS+6-BA 1.2 +NAA 0.05 +0.6％琼脂+3％蔗糖;无菌小苗生根的合适培养基为:MS+ IAA 1.5+ NAA 0.2+ 0.6％琼脂+3％蔗糖.为竹叶菜今后较大规模地栽培或生产提供种苗及技术贮备,为实现竹叶菜资源的可持续性开发利用奠定了基础.     

Effect of Arborvitae Seed on Cognitive Function and α7nAChR Protein Expression of Hippocampus in Model Rats with Alzheimer’s Disease

The aim was to investigate the effect of the arborvitae seed on cognitive function and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) protein expression of the hippocampus in model rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control, test, and drug groups. A dose of Aβ_1–40 was injected into the rats’ hippocampus in the test and drug groups and the control rats were injected with the same amount of normal saline. After the model was successful, the rats in the control and test groups were gavaged with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (500 mg/kg) and the rats in the drug group were gavaged with arborvitae seed powder (500 mg/kg) for 15 days. The Morris water maze test was used for cognitive function. The effect of arborvitae seed on α7nAChR protein immunoreactivity on the hippocampus neurons was studied by the immunohistochemistry method. Behavioral tests showed that the mean escape latencies and search time of the test group were obviously longer than the control and drug groups. The percentage of the search distance of the test group was shorter than that of the control and drug groups. The immunohistochemistry results are as follows: α7nAChR-positive cells and optical density in the hippocampus of the rats in the test group are less than that of the rats in the control and drug groups (all P < 0.01). Arborvitae seed can treat AD by increased expression of α7nAChR.     

Surface Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Co–Cr Alloy Fabricated with Selective Laser Melting Technique

We sought to study the corrosion behavior and surface properties of a commercial cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloy which was fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM) technique. For this purpose, specimens were fabricated using different techniques, such as SLM system and casting methods. Surface hardness testing, microstructure observation, surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical corrosion test were carried out to evaluate the corrosion properties and surface properties of the specimens. We found that microstructure of SLM specimens was more homogeneous than that of cast specimens. The mean surface hardness values of SLM and cast specimens were 458.3 and 384.8, respectively; SLM specimens showed higher values than cast ones in hardness. Both specimens exhibited no differences in their electrochemical corrosion properties in the artificial saliva through potentiodynamic curves and EIS, and no significant difference via XPS. Therefore, we concluded that within the scope of this study, SLM-fabricated restorations revealed good surface properties, such as proper hardness, homogeneous microstructure, and also showed sufficient corrosion resistance which could meet the needs of dental clinics.