全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8461篇 |
免费 | 537篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
8999篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 83篇 |
2022年 | 91篇 |
2021年 | 223篇 |
2020年 | 185篇 |
2019年 | 187篇 |
2018年 | 348篇 |
2017年 | 331篇 |
2016年 | 350篇 |
2015年 | 349篇 |
2014年 | 394篇 |
2013年 | 531篇 |
2012年 | 721篇 |
2011年 | 728篇 |
2010年 | 419篇 |
2009年 | 310篇 |
2008年 | 489篇 |
2007年 | 502篇 |
2006年 | 429篇 |
2005年 | 497篇 |
2004年 | 428篇 |
2003年 | 366篇 |
2002年 | 208篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有8999条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
42.
Neuza Domingues André R. A. Marques Rita Diogo Almeida Calado Inês S. Ferreira Cristiano Ramos José Ramalho Maria I. L. Soares Telmo Pereira Luís Oliveira José R. Vicente Louise H. Wong Inês C. M. Simões Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo Andrew Peden Cláudia Guimas Almeida Clare E. Futter Rosa Puertollano Winchil L. C. Vaz Otília V. Vieira 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2023,24(7):284-307
43.
Michael P. Challen Timothy J. Elliott Ursula Kües Lorna A. Casselton 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》1993,241(3-4):474-478
The A mating factor of Coprinus cinereus determines compatibility in mating by regulating part of a developmental sequence that leads to dikaryon formation. The A genes that trigger development encode two different classes of homeodomain proteins, and for a successful mating, a protein of one class, HD 1, must interact with a protein of the other class, HD 2. In this report we show that C. cinereus A genes that encode HD 2 proteins, a2-1 and b2-1, can elicit A-regulated development in the heterologous host C. bilanatus. Transformation rates were very low, suggesting that the genes were poorly transcribed. The fact that the HD 2 genes are functionally expressed implies successful heteromultimeric association of putative DNA-binding proteins coded by the two Coprinus species. This interaction was sufficient to satisfy the need for different A factors in the formation of a fertile C. bilanatus dikaryon, but fertile dikaryons were more readily produced in matings with the a2-1 gene transformants. The C. cinereus A genes, b1-1 and d1-1, which encode HD1 proteins, were either not expressed or their proteins were non-functional in C. bilanatus. These experiments raise some interesting questions regarding HD1–HD2 protein interactions. 相似文献
44.
Summary Explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ailsa Craig) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1Rifr::pGSFR1161 in the presence of 20 (M acetosyringone). Transformed root clones were selected on kanamycin medium and the presence of the nptII gene in the plant DNA confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction. Root clones derived from acetosyringone treatment grew more vigorously in the presence of kanamycin and synthesized a greater amount of NPT-II enzyme. The conclusion is that acetosyringone treatment enhances the transformation process, possibly by stimulating multiple insertions of the T-DNA into the host genome.Abbreviations AS
acetosyringone
- CTAB
hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction 相似文献
45.
Joana Pais De Faria Vitor H. Paiva Sara N. Veríssimo Catarina S. Lopes Rita Soares João Oliveira Ivo dos Santos Ana C. Norte Jaime A. Ramos 《Ibis》2023,165(1):312-321
Gulls, as largely flexible opportunistic individuals, have been increasingly breeding in many cities around the world, but it is still unclear whether urban habitats are of equal or higher quality than traditional natural habitats or represent an ecological trap with immediate reproductive benefits but longer-term detrimental consequences to health. Here we present a study of breeding parameters (nest density, egg dimensions, clutch size, hatching success and adult body condition) and physiological parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, haemoglobin concentration and measurements of oxidative stress) as indicators of the general health condition of Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis adults and chicks from natural and urban colonies. Yellow-legged Gulls in the largest urban area (Porto) laid smaller eggs and clutches, showed a significantly lower occurrence of inflammatory processes in chicks, and showed a slower early chick growth than in the natural colony of Deserta. This suggests that urban gulls might be facing important trade-offs between the advantages of breeding in lower density urban colonies, with fewer intraspecific interactions and a lower disease transmission probability, and the disadvantages of having an anthropogenic diet usually lower in nutritional value. 相似文献
46.
47.
Anuran males emit advertisement calls for the purpose of attracting females and repelling conspecific males. Call transmission is influenced by the acoustics of the propagation environment, including vegetation. Thus, forestry monocultures of non-native trees represent artificial environments that could modify call transmission. These monocultures have substituted large areas of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing a conservation challenge. Considering this context, we hypothesized that anurans have calls that are less attenuated in their native environment than in forest plantations. To test it, we performed sound transmission experiments using calls of three anuran species native to southern Brazil: Boana bischoffi, B. leptolineata, and Hylodes meridionalis. We compared sound attenuation between the native forest and forestry monocultures (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. forests), and included distance from the sound source, air temperature, humidity, and vegetation density as cofactors in linear mixed models. Our results show that the advertisement calls of the two tree frogs (Boana) attenuate less in tree plantations than in native forests, while the third species shows either no differences or less attenuation in native forests. Our results can be understood according to differences in natural history and microhabitat use among the studied species. The two tree frog species vocalize perched from vegetation so their calls become better transmitted in forestry monocultures, which have fewer trees than the native forest. On the other hand, H. meridionalis calls from rocks on streams and the propagation is finely tuned to this peculiar microhabitat. We discuss the conservation implications of our findings for anurans and for the Atlantic Forest. Abstract in Portuguese and Spanish are available with online material. 相似文献
48.
Summary An aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium phosphate was developed for extraction of a cutinase from cell debris of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain. Basic studies to identify the primary factors which affect cutinase partition, namely the influence of polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration and pH were carried out using a purified preparation of the cutinase. The enzyme partition coefficient was enhanced with decreasing PEG molecular weight, increasing tie-line length and pH. 相似文献
49.
Marta Clariano Vanda Marques João Vaz Salma Awam Marta B. Afonso Maria Jesus Perry Cecília MP Rodrigues 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(3):e202300222
Curcumin has a plethora of biological properties, making this compound potentially effective in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. However, curcumin clinical use is compromised by its poor pharmacokinetics, being crucial to find novel analogs with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the stability, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin. A small library of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin 1a–q was synthesized. Lipophilicity and stability in physiological conditions were both assessed by HPLC-UV, while two different methods assessed the electrophilic character of each compound monitored by NMR and by UV-spectroscopy. The potential therapeutic effect of the analogs 1a–q was evaluated in human colon carcinoma cells and toxicity in immortalized hepatocytes. Our results showed that the curcumin analog 1e is a promising agent against colorectal cancer, with improved stability and efficacy/safety profile. 相似文献
50.
João Ricardo Sato Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli Ana Paula Arantes Bueno Arthur Caye Pedro Mario Pan Marcos Santoro Jessica Honorato-Mauer Giovanni Abrahão Salum Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan Andrea Parolin Jackowski Euripedes Constantino Miguel Sintia Belangero Luis Augusto Rohde 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2023,22(2):e12838