全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6549篇 |
免费 | 474篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 126篇 |
2020年 | 76篇 |
2019年 | 105篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 120篇 |
2016年 | 168篇 |
2015年 | 258篇 |
2014年 | 297篇 |
2013年 | 412篇 |
2012年 | 494篇 |
2011年 | 471篇 |
2010年 | 305篇 |
2009年 | 265篇 |
2008年 | 331篇 |
2007年 | 357篇 |
2006年 | 276篇 |
2005年 | 257篇 |
2004年 | 288篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 234篇 |
2001年 | 153篇 |
2000年 | 107篇 |
1999年 | 120篇 |
1998年 | 65篇 |
1997年 | 68篇 |
1996年 | 48篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 76篇 |
1991年 | 84篇 |
1990年 | 74篇 |
1989年 | 57篇 |
1988年 | 49篇 |
1987年 | 52篇 |
1986年 | 50篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 49篇 |
1983年 | 46篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 24篇 |
1973年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有7027条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
21.
22.
G Del Boccio C Di Ilio E Casalone A Pennelli A Aceto P Sacchetta G Federici 《The Italian journal of biochemistry》1987,36(1):8-17
An anionic (pI 4.6) isoenzyme of glutathione transferase was purified to homogeneity from human thyroid by affinity chromatography followed by isoelectric focusing. The content of enzyme was calculated to constitute about 0.2% of soluble proteins. The enzyme is formed by two identical subunits of 23,000 daltons approximately. The thyroid transferase did not catalyze the reduction of peroxides. Physical, catalytic and immunological analyses demonstrated extensive similarities between the thyroid transferase and the transferase from placenta, erythrocytes and breast. On the other hand, the thyroid transferase appears catalytically different from transferase 7-7, even if both cross-react with the antibodies raised against human placenta transferase. 相似文献
23.
G Del Bino R Silvestrini A Costa G Mazzini P Giordano 《Basic and applied histochemistry》1987,31(2):183-190
A flow cytometric study of DNA and protein contents was performed on cell suspensions obtained from 73 adult patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Bivariate analysis identified a second subpopulation, not revealed by DNA determination, in 25% of the tumors. Protein heterogeneity was more frequently observed in diffuse than in nodular histology according the Rappaport classification and in high-grade than in low-grade malignancy tumors by the Kiel classification and the Working Formulation, but it was not related to ploidy or cell proliferative rate. The presence of an additional subpopulation, detected by protein analysis, defined as monoclonal by DNA analysis, could adversely affect clinical outcome in terms of response to treatment and overall survival. 相似文献
24.
Abstract. This study was designed to define some biological aspects of cell suspensions, obtained by mechanical or enzymatic disaggregations, and to verify whether single cell suspensions are representative of original solid tumours. The study was performed on a series of 25 human solid tumours including breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and malignant melanoma. A higher cell viability and a loss of aneuploid subpopulations, or a lower fraction of aneuploid cells, were observed in enzymatically-released samples than in samples obtained by the mechanical procedure. Moreover, the proliferative activity, which was generally similar for the cell suspensions obtained by the two disaggregation procedures, was always markedly lower in the cell suspensions than in solid samples from the same tumour. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that many changes, such as selective release of cell populations from the tumour matrix, damage and destruction of aneuploid and proliferating cells can be induced to various extents by different disaggregation procedures. 相似文献
25.
26.
J. L. Campo T. Velasco 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,77(4):561-567
Summary Effects of errors in estimates of the genetic correlation on the accuracy of unrestricted, optimum, and desired gains selection indices were examined experimentally in Tribolium castaneum. Three lines were selected for three generations for pupal weight at 21 days and adult weight at 31 days, using unrestricted (I9), optimum (O9), and desired gains (G9) index selection methods. The genetic correlation between pupal and adult weights in the base population was 0.95. The optimum index was designed to set the response of pupal weight by a fixed amount, while in the desired gains index the responses of pupal and adult weights were specified as being equal to 31. Three other indices were constructed using a deliberately incorrect genetic correlation (0.25), i.e., unrestricted (I2), optimum (O2), and desired gains (G2). Responses observed in unrestricted index lines (I9 versus I2) and optimum index lines (O9 versus O2) did not differ significantly, even though lines I9 and I2 differed in a practical sense. Responses in desired gains index lines (G9 versus G2) differed significantly. Responses obtained for aggregate genotype (pupal weight + adult weight) and for the component traits were greater in line I9 than those obtained in line I2. Responses obtained in the O9 and O2 lines for pupal and adult weights were similar, while those obtained in the G9 and G2 lines were similar for pupal weight but not (P<0.05) for adult weight. Therefore, underestimation of the genetic correlation seems to affect the efficiency of a desired gains index more than that of unrestricted or optimum indices. 相似文献
27.
M Fidanza M Dentini V Crescenzi P Del Vecchio 《International journal of biological macromolecules》1989,11(6):372-376
Viscosity, optical activity, and differential scanning calorimetry data clearly point out that partial and/or total removal of charged substituent groups, i.e. succinate and pyruvyl residues, from succinoglycan lead to water soluble derivatives exhibiting a higher stability order → disorder conformational changes with respect to the native polysaccharide. The new succinoglycan derivatives also exhibit very little, if any, hysteresis upon ‘renaturation’ (cooling) as opposed to the case of the parent polymer. The absence of ionized groups is thus beneficial, thermodynamically and kinetically, to the attainment in dilute aqueous solution of an ordered conformation by the uncharged succinoglycan backbone, as allowed by the regular enchainment of its constituent sugar residues. 相似文献
28.
C Fabris D Basso L Benini T Meggiato G Del Favero G Cavallini M P Panozzo P Fogar C Angonese I Vantini 《Enzyme》1989,42(2):80-86
Serum and urine elastase 1, its renal output and clearance and urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase and ribonuclease excretions were measured in 16 patients with pancreatic cancer, 23 with chronic pancreatitis and in 22 healthy controls in order to evaluate elastase 1 plasma-urine transfer in chronic pancreatic disease and to investigate any factors that might influence the clearance of this enzyme. In an additional group of 17 patients with different pancreatic diseases the serum molecular size distribution of elastase 1 after chromatography was ascertained. An increased urinary elastase 1 output was found in 4/16 patients with pancreatic cancer and in 6/23 with chronic pancreatitis. No correlation was found between circulating elastase 1 and its urinary output; a negative correlation was detected between the serum levels of this enzyme and its clearance. The excretion of ribonuclease and gamma-glutamyltransferase was correlated with elastase 1 output and clearance. While the majority of elastase 1 in serum was accounted for by high molecular forms, probably the expression of complexes with serum inhibitors, free circulating enzyme was present in all patients with high serum elastase 1. Our findings suggest that elastase 1 urinary excretion increases in some patients with chronic pancreatic disease regardless of the neoplastic or inflammatory nature of the illness. Although the availability of different amounts of ultrafiltrable enzyme may play a role in influencing elastase 1 plasma-urine transfer, renal tubular damage appears to be the most important factor influencing the increase in the urinary output of elastase 1. 相似文献
29.
A Del Corso D Barsacchi M Camici D Garland U Mura 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1989,270(2):604-610
Two structurally different forms of bovine lens aldose reductase have been identified. Freshly prepared lens extracts contain an unactivated "b form" (ARb) which is sensitive to inhibition by Sorbinil. Upon incubation of the extracts with oxygen radical generating systems, ARb is converted to a more active "a form" (ARa), which is not inhibited by Sorbinil. ARa and ARb were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. 相似文献
30.
Expression of bovine and mouse endothelial cell antioxidant enzymes following TNF-alpha exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Endothelial cells are primary targets for injury by reactive oxygen species. Endothelial catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) provide potential antioxidant enzymatic defenses against oxidant-induced cellular damage. Previous studies in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated that in certain cell types exposure to oxidants may increase the expression of one or more of these antioxidant enzymes, thus providing greater intracellular potential to withstand oxidant-induced cell stress. To test whether endothelial antioxidant enzyme expression is influenced by similar oxidant-induced stresses in vitro, we have exposed endothelial cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and have measured levels of catalase, CuZnSOD and MnSOD mRNA, and protein. Our results demonstrate a selective increase of MnSOD mRNA, with coordinate increases of both MnSOD protein and enzyme activity in endothelial cells treated for 24/h with TNF-alpha. In contrast, levels of catalase and CuZnSOD mRNA and protein remained unchanged in these cells after TNF-alpha treatment. These observations were made in microvessel endothelial cells derived from murine and bovine sources. Our results indicate that TNF-alpha can act specifically to increase enzymatic antioxidant potential in endothelial cells by induction of a particular antioxidant enzyme encoding mRNA species. These data demonstrate the capacity of endothelial cells to mount an antioxidant defense in response to exposure to an inducer of oxidative damage. 相似文献