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71.
Gaoqiang Yang Shule Yu Zhenye Kang Yifan Li Guido Bender Bryan S. Pivovar Johney B. Green David A. Cullen Feng‐Yuan Zhang 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(16)
Low electron/proton conductivities of electrochemical catalysts, especially earth‐abundant nonprecious metal catalysts, severely limit their ability to satisfy the triple‐phase boundary (TPB) theory, resulting in extremely low catalyst utilization and insufficient efficiency in energy devices. Here, an innovative electrode design strategy is proposed to build electron/proton transport nanohighways to ensure that the whole electrode meets the TPB, therefore significantly promoting enhance oxygen evolution reactions and catalyst utilizations. It is discovered that easily accessible/tunable mesoporous Au nanolayers (AuNLs) not only increase the electrode conductivity by more than 4000 times but also enable the proton transport through straight mesopores within the Debye length. The catalyst layer design with AuNLs and ultralow catalyst loading (≈0.1 mg cm?2) augments reaction sites from 1D to 2D, resulting in an 18‐fold improvement in mass activities. Furthermore, using microscale visualization and unique coplanar‐electrode electrolyzers, the relationship between the conductivity and the reaction site is revealed, allowing for the discovery of the conductivity‐determining and Debye‐length‐determining regions for water splitting. These findings and strategies provide a novel electrode design (catalyst layer + functional sublayer + ion exchange membrane) with a sufficient electron/proton transport path for high‐efficiency electrochemical energy conversion devices. 相似文献
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Viere Tobias Amor Ben Berger Nicolas Fanous Ruba Dolfing Arduin Rachel Horta Keller Regula Laurent Alexis Loubet Philippe Strothmann Philip Weyand Steffi Wright Laurie Sonnemann Guido 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2021,26(3):511-527
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - Scientific Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) literature provides some examples of LCA teaching in higher education, but not a structured overview of... 相似文献
74.
Schrijvers Dieuwertje L. Loubet Philippe Sonnemann Guido 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2021,26(6):1223-1235
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - How to apply allocation in an life cycle assessment (LCA) is a long-running and controversial debate. Consensus seems to exist on the fact that... 相似文献
75.
Valentin M. Tabakmakher Andrei M. Gigolaev Steve Peigneur Nikolay A. Krylov Jan Tytgat Anton O. Chugunov Alexander A. Vassilevski Roman G. Efremov 《Biophysical journal》2021,120(12):2471-2481
The α-Hairpinins are a family of plant defense peptides with a common fold presenting two short α-helices stabilized by two invariant S–S-bridges. We have shown previously that substitution of just two amino acid residues in a wheat α-hairpinin Tk-AMP-X2 leads to Tk-hefu-2 that features specific affinity to voltage-gated potassium channels KV1.3. Here, we utilize a combined molecular modeling approach based on molecular dynamics simulations and protein surface topography technique to improve the affinity of Tk-hefu-2 to KV1.3 while preserving its specificity. An important advance of this work compared with our previous studies is transition from the analysis of various physicochemical properties of an isolated toxin molecule to its consideration in complex with its target, a membrane-bound ion channel. As a result, a panel of computationally designed Tk-hefu-2 derivatives was synthesized and tested against KV1.3. The most active mutant Tk-hefu-10 showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ~150 nM being >10 times more active than Tk-hefu-2 and >200 times more active than the original Tk-hefu. We conclude that α-hairpinins provide an attractive disulfide-stabilized scaffold for the rational design of ion channel inhibitors. Furthermore, the success rate can be considerably increased by the proposed “target-based” iterative strategy of molecular design. 相似文献
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Tabakmakher V. M. Kuzmenkov A. I. Gigolaev A. M. Pinheiro-Junior E. L. Peigneur S. Efremov R. G. Tytgat J. Vassilevski A. A. 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2021,57(2):386-403
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - In mammals, about 40 isoforms of voltage-gated potassium channels (KVs) have been found. To study such a variety of KVs, substances are needed... 相似文献
78.
Arnaud Huguet Sylvain Bernard Rime El Khatib Martina I. Gocke Guido L. B. Wiesenberg Sylvie Derenne 《Geobiology》2021,19(1):75-86
Rhizoliths, that is, roots fossilized by secondary carbonates, have been known for ages and are increasingly used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, knowledge about their formation mechanisms remains limited. This study reports the mineralogical and chemical characterization of rhizoliths at different stages of mineralization and fossilization in the Late Pleistocene loess–paleosol sequence of Nussloch (SW Germany). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental mapping and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance were used to concomitantly characterize the mineral and organic matter of the rhizoliths. These joint analyses showed for the first time that large rhizoliths are not necessarily remains of single large roots but consist of numerous microrhizoliths as remains of fine roots, formed mainly by calcium carbonates with only low amounts of Mg and Si. They further revealed that the precipitation of secondary carbonates occurs not only around, but also within the plant root and that fossilization leads to the selective preservation of recalcitrant root biopolymers—lignin and suberin. The precipitation of secondary carbonates was observed to occur first around fine roots, the epidermis acting as a first barrier, and then within the root, within the cortex cells, and even sometimes around the phloem and within the xylem. This study suggests that the calcification of plant roots starts during the lifetime of the plant and continues after its death. This has to be systematically investigated to understand the stratigraphic context before using (micro)rhizoliths for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in terrestrial sediments. 相似文献
79.
Edoardo Francini Fang-Shu Ou Stefano Lazzi Roberto Petrioli Andrea G. Multari Guido Pesola Luciana Messuti Elena Colombo Virginia Livellara Serena Bazzurri Sara Cherri Salvatora T. Miano Eric G. Wolfe Steven R. Alberts Joleen M. Hubbard Harry H. Yoon Guido Francini 《Translational oncology》2021,14(2)
BackgroundHigh tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density was previously shown to be associated with favorable prognosis for patients with colon cancer (CC). However, the impact of TILs on overall survival (OS) of stage II CC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ) or not (no-ADJ) is unknown. We assessed the prognostic value of CD3+ TILs in stage II CC patients according to whether they had ADJ or not.MethodsPatients treated with curative surgery for stage II CC (2002–2013) were selected from the Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital registry. TILs at the invasive front, center of tumor, and stroma were determined by immunohistochemistry and manually quantified as the rate of TILs/total tissue areas. High TILs (H-TILs) was defined as >20%. Patients were categorized as high or low TILs (L-TILs) and ADJ or no-ADJ.ResultsOf the 678 patients included, 137 (20%) received ADJ and 541 (80%) did not. The distribution of the 4 groups were: 16% (L-TIL/ADJ), 64% (L-TIL/no-ADJ), 5% (H-TIL/ADJ), 15% (H-TIL/no-ADJ). Compared to H-TILs/no-ADJ, ADJ patients showed a significantly increased OS (P<.01) regardless of the TILs rate whereas L-TILs/no-ADJ had significantly decreased OS and higher risk of death (HR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.88; P<.0001). On multivariable analysis, the unfavorable prognostic value of L-TILs (vs. H-TILs) for no-ADJ patients was confirmed (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.82; P=.0373).ConclusionLow CD3+ TILs rate was associated with shorter OS in those with stage II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Low CD3+ TILs could be considered an additional risk factor for still ADJ-untreated stage II CC patients, which could facilitate clinical decision making. 相似文献
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