全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16645篇 |
免费 | 1247篇 |
国内免费 | 1251篇 |
专业分类
19143篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 42篇 |
2023年 | 241篇 |
2022年 | 577篇 |
2021年 | 952篇 |
2020年 | 570篇 |
2019年 | 763篇 |
2018年 | 762篇 |
2017年 | 559篇 |
2016年 | 789篇 |
2015年 | 1042篇 |
2014年 | 1300篇 |
2013年 | 1419篇 |
2012年 | 1517篇 |
2011年 | 1386篇 |
2010年 | 838篇 |
2009年 | 747篇 |
2008年 | 845篇 |
2007年 | 706篇 |
2006年 | 564篇 |
2005年 | 510篇 |
2004年 | 432篇 |
2003年 | 367篇 |
2002年 | 271篇 |
2001年 | 250篇 |
2000年 | 233篇 |
1999年 | 231篇 |
1998年 | 160篇 |
1997年 | 137篇 |
1996年 | 129篇 |
1995年 | 112篇 |
1994年 | 104篇 |
1993年 | 88篇 |
1992年 | 110篇 |
1991年 | 102篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Meng Xue Mu Fangfang Zhang Zeyu Wu Xinru Gao Tiantian Zhao Fenglan Xue Jianping Duan Yongbo Zhang Haijun 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2021,146(3):473-482
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. is an important medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds. In vitro tissue culture... 相似文献
162.
目的研究miR-106a-5p对鼻咽癌细胞SUNE2增殖和迁移的影响。
方法将体外培养的鼻咽癌细胞SUNE2分成对照组(细胞未做任何处理)、Anti-NC组(转染阴性对照抑制剂)、Anti-miR-106a-5p组(转染miR-106a-5p抑制剂)、后期实验另设Anti-miR-106a-5p-inhibitor+si-NC组(转染miR-106a-5p抑制剂、siRNA阴性对照)、Anti-miR-106a-5p-inhibitor+si-PTEN组(转染miR-106a-5p抑制剂、PTEN siRNA),采用Realtime PCR测定miR-106a-5p表达,MTT法检测增殖,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力变化,用Western blot方法测定vimentin、E-cadherin蛋白表达。在线靶基因预测软件预测miR-106a-5p的靶基因可能为PTEN,双荧光素酶报告系统鉴定miR-106a-5p和PTEN的靶向关系。两组间比较用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验。
结果与正常鼻咽上皮细胞NP69比较,鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2、HK1、SUNE2中miR-106a-5p水平(1.00±0.11比1.84±0.13、2.19±0.14、2.87±0.25)升高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。与对照组、Anti-NC组比较,Anti-miR-106a-5p组鼻咽癌细胞miR-106a-5p水平(1.00±0.10、0.99±0.12比0.76±0.08)降低,OD值(0.56±0.05、0.57±0.04比0.32±0.02),细胞侵袭数[(128.47±11.65)个、(129.84±10.93)个比(85.12±6.75)个],迁移数[(182.51±14.81)个、(180.68±17.64)个比(122.01±11.62)个],vimentin蛋白表达水平(0.84±0.09、0.82±0.07比0.30±0.05)降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平(0.29±0.04、0.28±0.05比0.76±0.08)升高,差异具有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。与Anti-miR-106a-inhibitor+si-NC组比较,Anti-miR-106a-inhibitor+si-PTEN组细胞OD值(0.33±0.03比0.52±0.05)、侵袭数[(84.16±5.91)个比(105.79±8.63)个]、迁移数[(118.42±10.25)个比(164.28±12.05)个]、vimentin蛋白表达水平(0.34±0.06比0.68±0.05)均升高,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平(0.72±0.06比0.29±0.05)降低,差异具有统计学意义(P均< 0.05)。
结论miR-106a-5p可通过靶向调控PTEN抑制鼻咽癌细胞SUNE2增殖和迁移潜能。 相似文献
163.
Youshuang Zhu Haibo Zhang Mingle Cao Zhenzhen Wei Feng Huang Peiji Gao 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2011,16(5):1027-1035
Production of laccase using a submerged culture of Trametes versicolor sdu-4 was optimized using a central composite design of the Response Surface Methodology. Optimized conditions gave a laccase
yield of 4,213 U/L which was approximately three times of that in basal medium. The laccase was purified to homogeneity using
a three-step process. The overall yield of the purification was 58%, with a purification fold of 11.4 and a specific activity
of 1320.7 U/mg protein. The molecular mass of the laccase was 60 kDa. The optimum pH values of the enzyme were 2.2, 3.7, and
7 for the oxidations of ABTS, DMP, and syringaldazine, respectively. The enzyme had adaptability to a broad pH range and high
temperature and wsa stable at pH 3.0 ∼ 10.0. The half-life of this laccase at 70°C was 2.2 h. Methyl red, 2-bromophenol, and
4-bromophenol were oxidized by the purified laccase in the absence of mediators. Purified laccase was effective in the decolorization
of several dyes and was not inhibited by Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ba2+, and Ca2+ at 5 mM. These excellent characteristics made it a highly attractive candidate for industrial use. 相似文献
164.
165.
The antisense DNA sequence of mature mouse micro RNA, miR341, includes three repeats of the tetranucleotide (GACC). The -GAC- repeat is known to form a parallel duplex, in acidic environments. The thermal melting profile of miR341 DNA, at pH 4, 5, and 6 indicates the formation of a very stable structure, which loses its stability when pH is increased. Thus, the addition of a cytosine at the 3' end of the (GAC) motif preserves the molecule's potential to fold into an unusual structure at low pH. The effect of modifying the nucleotide composition of the GACC sequence on the secondary structures formed by oligomers containing seven tandem repeats of the altered motifs was examined here. UV melting profiles were determined, as a function of pH, for 28-mers of the two series (GAXC)(7) and (GACX)(7) (X= A/C/T/G)(.) The sequence (GACC)(7) was found to be extremely sensitive to pH variations, with a stable structure formed at pH 5 (T(m) ≥ 60°C). NMR spectroscopy established that the low pH structure is not B-DNA. (GACA)(7) and (GACT)(7) also formed stable structures at low pH but the addition of guanine at the 3'end, as seen in the (GACG) series resulted in the loss of this property. Introducing a break in the 5'-GAC-3' motif, explored in the (GAXC) series, also inhibits formation of stable structures under acidic conditions. 相似文献
166.
Hee CS Gao S Loll B Miller MM Uchanska-Ziegler B Daumke O Ziegler A 《PLoS biology》2010,8(12):e1000557
Chicken YF1 genes share a close sequence relationship with classical MHC class I loci but map outside of the core MHC region. To obtain insights into their function, we determined the structure of the YF1*7.1/β2-microgloblin complex by X-ray crystallography at 1.3 Å resolution. It exhibits the architecture typical of classical MHC class I molecules but possesses a hydrophobic binding groove that contains a non-peptidic ligand. This finding prompted us to reconstitute YF1*7.1 also with various self-lipids. Seven additional YF1*7.1 structures were solved, but only polyethyleneglycol molecules could be modeled into the electron density within the binding groove. However, an assessment of YF1*7.1 by native isoelectric focusing indicated that the molecules were also able to bind nonself-lipids. The ability of YF1*7.1 to interact with hydrophobic ligands is unprecedented among classical MHC class I proteins and might aid the chicken immune system to recognize a diverse ligand repertoire with a minimal number of MHC class I molecules. 相似文献
167.
168.
Water dynamics clue to key residues in protein folding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meng Gao Xin-Qiu Yao Zhen-Su She 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2010,392(1):95-10887
A computational method independent of experimental protein structure information is proposed to recognize key residues in protein folding, from the study of hydration water dynamics. Based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, two key residues are recognized with distinct water dynamical behavior in a folding process of the Trp-cage protein. The identified key residues are shown to play an essential role in both 3D structure and hydrophobic-induced collapse. With observations on hydration water dynamics around key residues, a dynamical pathway of folding can be interpreted. 相似文献
169.
170.
A novel reductive compound with molecular weight of about 1000 Da, named Pc reducer, was purified from the liquid culture of a white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. It was likely to have an alkene-ester structure according to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Pc reducer reduced the hydroxyl radical HO and the stable nitroxide radical under certain conditions. It inhibited the repolymerization of the products from the oxidation of phenolic lignin-model compounds by reducing certain intermediate radicals. The activity of manganese peroxidases was promoted by Pc reducer at certain concentrations. Pc reducer could also weaken the repolymerization of fragments from the oxidation of Na-lignosulfonate by lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. It has potential ability to improve the ligninolytic efficiency of peroxidases in P. chrysosporium. 相似文献