林蛙受精卵的表面收缩波和卵裂起动收缩

林蛙受精卵表面的大豆凝集素结合位点没有侧向运动,联在结合位点上的标记物在卵表面位置的改变应该可以反映卵表面运动。本文利用近景摄影测量术和侧向摄影法观测卵表面标记点位置的变化,得到下面的结果:1.卵裂前30—40min,整个卵表面都向预定分裂沟中心移动,表示卵表面在收缩。卵裂前15min左右,沟中心附近的卵表面开始松弛,随之是离沟较远处的卵表面松弛,显示卵表面有一个从预定分裂沟中心向四周传播的收缩波(图2—5)。如果以相邻标记点之间的距离变化作图(图6),则出现两个波,一个是松弛波,一个是收缩波。本文对卵表面究竟出现一个波还是两个波的问题进行了讨论。2.分裂沟中心附近收缩时,高程逐渐下降,基部两侧逐渐加宽(图7和图8);卵松弛时,高程增加,基部收缩。所以卵高程的变化也是从预定分裂沟中心波浪形地向四周传播的。3.卵裂沟出现前3—5 min,预定分裂沟两端开始向沟中心收缩,这是卵裂起动收缩。以后收缩范围逐渐扩大,强度亦增加,但预定分裂沟两侧的卵表面没有向预定分裂沟两端移动。这一结果支持了赤道区收缩的假说。     

利用原生质体融合技术选育防治植物病虫害的基因重组菌株

本试验选用抗菌蛋白产生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis) TG26和晶体蛋白产生菌苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiesis subsp,pacifeus) AS1.904的营养缺陷型衍生株,在聚乙二醇的诱导下进行原生质体种间融合,获得了表现双亲遗传性状的种间融合菌株。融合率为7.52×10~6,融合子经传代10次,稳定率为19.5%。融合菌株的菌落和细胞形态与亲本株明显不同。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,融合菌株表达了亲本的抗菌蛋白和毒素蛋白。抑菌杀虫试验表明,融合重组菌株具有抑制多种植物病原菌和毒杀鳞翅目幼虫的能力。     

Design,Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activities of Indole and Indazole-Based Stilbenes

To develop new highly effective anticancer agents derived from naturally occurring stilbene scaffold, in total of 24 indole and indazole-based stilbenes including 17 new compounds were designed according to molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized via Witting reaction. The cytotoxic screening results against human tumor cell lines (K562 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells) showed that indole and indazole-based stilbenes are of great interest for developing anticancer agents as eight derivatives possessed strong antiproliferative activities with IC₅₀ values less than 10 μM, and those synthetic derivatives displayed more higher cytotoxicities against K562 cells than MDA-MB-231 cells. In particular, indole-based stilbene bearing piperidine exhibited the most potent cytotoxicities against both K562 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC₅₀ values 2.4 μM and 2.18 μM, respectively, along with a remarkable selectivity towards human normal L-02 cells. Together, the results suggested that indole and indazole-based stilbenes are promising anticancer scaffolds worthy of further investigation.     

Insights into circular RNAs: Biogenesis,function and their regulatory roles in cardiovascular disease

As a distinctive member of the noncoding RNA family, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generated from single-stranded, covalently closed structures and are ubiquitous in mammalian cells and tissues. Due to its atypical circular architecture, it was conventionally deemed insignificant dark matter for a prolonged duration. Nevertheless, studies conducted over the last decade have demonstrated that this abundant, structurally stable and tissue-specific RNA has been increasingly relevant in diverse diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, regulatory pathways controlled by circRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and pathological processes of CVDs through their function as miRNA sponges, protein sponges and protein scaffolds. To better understand the role of circRNAs and their complex regulatory networks in CVDs, we summarize current knowledge of their biogenesis and function and the latest research on circRNAs in CVDs, with the hope of paving the way for the identification of promising biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for CVDs.     

Development and validation of robust metabolism-related gene signature in the prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Given metabolic reprogramming in tumours was a crucial hallmark, several studies have demonstrated its value in the diagnostics and surveillance of malignant tumours. The present study aimed to identify a cluster of metabolism-related genes to construct a prediction model for the prognosis of HCC. Multiple cohorts of HCC cases (466 cases) from public datasets were included in the present analysis. (GEO cohort) After identifying a list of metabolism-related genes associated with prognosis, a risk score based on metabolism-related genes was formulated via the LASSO-Cox and LASSO-pcvl algorithms. According to the risk score, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups, and further analysis and validation were accordingly conducted. The results revealed that high-risk patients had a significantly worse 5-year overall survival (OS) than low-risk patients in the GEO cohort. (30.0% vs. 57.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.411; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.302–0.651; p < 0.001) This observation was confirmed in the external TCGA-LIHC cohort. (34.5% vs. 54.4%; HR 0.452; 95% CI, 0.299–0.681; p < 0.001) To promote the predictive ability of the model, risk score, age, gender and tumour stage were integrated into a nomogram. According to the results of receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves analysis, the nomogram score possessed a superior predictive ability than conventional factors, which indicate that the risk score combined with clinicopathological features was able to achieve a robust prediction for OS and improve the individualized clinical decision making of HCC patients. In conclusion, the metabolic genes related to OS were identified and developed a metabolism-based predictive model for HCC. Through a series of bioinformatics and statistical analyses, the predictive ability of the model was approved.     

Dampening HOTAIR sensitizes the gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin through miR-195-5p and ABCG2 pathway

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have an extensive role in the progression and chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC). Deeply study the regulatory role of lncRNAs could provide potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this study is to explore the regulatory role of HOTAIR in the progression and oxaliplatin resistance of GC. The expression of HOTAIR in GC and cell lines were detected by using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed by CCK-8, EdU incorporation and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the interaction between HOTAIR and ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2, ABCG2) via miR-195-5p. The regulatory functions were verified by using molecular biology experiments. HOTAIR was significantly overexpressed in GC and associated with poor prognosis. Knock-down of HOTAIR inhibited the GC cells proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance, while overexpression of HOTAIR showed opposite functions. Further studies found that HOTAIR acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to absorb miR-195-5p and elevated the expression of ABCG2, which leads to resistance of GC cells to oxaliplatin. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates ABCG2 induced resistance of GC to oxaliplatin through miR-195-5p signalling and illustrate the great potential of developing new therapeutic targets for GC patients.     

TTLL11 gene is associated with sustained attention performance and brain networks: A genome-wide association study of a healthy Chinese sample

Genetic studies on attention have mainly focused on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so little systematic research has been conducted on genetic correlates of attention performance and their potential brain mechanisms among healthy individuals. The current study included a genome-wide association study (GWAS, N = 1145 healthy young adults) aimed to identify genes associated with sustained attention and an imaging genetics study (an independent sample of 483 healthy young adults) to examine any identified genes' influences on brain function. The GWAS found that TTLL11 showed genome-wide significant associations with sustained attention, with rs13298112 as the most significant SNP and the GG homozygotes showing more impulsive but also more focused responses than the A allele carriers. A retrospective examination of previously published ADHD GWAS results confirmed an un-reported, small but statistically significant effect of TTLL11 on ADHD. The imaging genetics study replicated this association and showed that the TTLL11 gene was associated with resting state activity and connectivity of the somatomoter network, and can be predicted by dorsal attention network connectivity. Specifically, the GG homozygotes showed lower brain activity, weaker brain network connectivity, and non-significant brain-attention association compared to the A allele carriers. Expression database showed that expression of this gene is enriched in the brain and that the G allele is associated with lower expression level than the A allele. These results suggest that TTLL11 may play a major role in healthy individuals' attention performance and may also contribute to the etiology of ADHD.     

小兴安岭兴安落叶松泥炭藓沼泽植物的主要微量元素

小兴安岭兴安落叶松、泥炭藓沼泽是我国典型贫营养型沼泽。沼泽中树木生长发育不良,泥炭藓和常绿小灌木发育十分良好。这与沼泽水文状况和泥炭中营养元素和微量元素有关。各种植物的主要微量元素硼、铜、钴、锰、锌等含量不同,植物的不同器官中的含量亦不同,而且随季节而变化。狭叶杜香和甸杜的主要微量元素含量特点及其季节变化规律基本相似,两种泥炭藓相似,都与兴安落叶松有明显的区别。 本文重点探讨植物体内主要微量元素及其含量变化规律,为揭示贫营养型森林沼泽生态、为合理利用与改造沼泽提供依据。     

The Ethanol Extract of Syringa oblata Heartwood,a Mongolian Folk Medicine Containing Major Lignans,Exerts Analgesic and Sedative Effects on Mice

The heartwood of Syringa oblata Lindl. (SO) is one of Mongolian folk medicines to treat insomnia and pain, while its pharmacological evaluation and underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the sedative effect of ethanol extract of SO (ESO) was evaluated with the locomotor activity test and the threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test in mice, and the hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and formalin test in mice were used to evaluate its analgesic effect. The underlying mechanism of ESO analgesia was explored by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, which is associated with the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Besides, the main constituents of ESO were characterized by LC/MS data analysis and comparison with isolated pure compounds. The current findings brought evidence for clinical application and further pharmacological and phytochemical studies on SO.