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91.
Sura Shayna A. Delgadillo Aaron Franco Nancy Gu Kelly Turba Rachel Fong Peggy 《Coral reefs (Online)》2019,38(3):425-429
Coral Reefs - Closely cropped algal turfs are characteristic of healthy coral reefs, but unchecked growth can cause transitions into long sediment-laden turfs, which may be an alternative degraded... 相似文献
92.
J Couderc C Duquenne P Sourbier J L Guénet P Liacopoulos 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1984,299(8):281-284
CBA/N mice bearing a chromosome X linked immunological deficiency (Xid) cannot respond to type 2 thymus independent antigens (TI-2). However, when their spleen cells are in vitro simultaneously stimulated by both a TI-2 (Fluorescein conjugated polyacrylamide, Flu-PAA) antigen and a type 1 thymus independent (Trinitrophenyl conjugated Brucella abortus, TNP-BA) antigen, their capacity to respond to the TI-2 antigen is recovered. On the contrary, thymus dependent (TD) Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigen did not produce any significant increase of the anti-TI-2 response. 相似文献
93.
玉米花粉单倍体植株染色体上异染色质的变异 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
我们用Giemsa BSG C-带技术检查了玉米花药培养获得的花粉单倍体植株根尖细胞染色体上异染色质的变异,观察结果表明,有的植株所显示的C-带数目是与供体植株的相一致,有的植株所显示的C-带数目则发生了显著变化,其中有的增加,有的减少。并讨论了异染色质发生变异的可能原因。还相应地观察到间期核中染色中心的变化是与中期染色体上C-带数目的变化相一致。 相似文献
94.
95.
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) from a newly characterized thermophile Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Analytical gel filtration suggested that the enzyme exist as a homotetramer in solution. The optimal pH for the forward reaction was found to be 8.0 and the optimal temperature 70 degrees C. The steady-state kinetic characteristics suggest that hypoxanthine is the most effective substrate. This enzyme showed a half-life of 75min at 50 degrees C and no apparent loss of activity after 3 months at 4 degrees C. 相似文献
96.
Monitoring and classification of PAH toxicity using an immobilized bioluminescent bacteria 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
An immobilized recombinant bioluminescent Escherichia coli strain, harboring a lac::luxCDABE fused plasmid, which shows lower bioluminescence levels when cellular metabolism is inhibited, was used to monitor the cellular toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs, classified as pericondensed (PCPAHs) or catacondensed (CCPAHs) according to their molecular structures, were differentiable according to the response of this biosensor. Only CCPAHs were found to cause cellular toxicity, resulting in a dose-dependent decrease in the bioluminescent output. The induction of cellular toxicity by CCPAHs and PCPAHs was compared with acute toxicity predictions obtained using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. A good relationship was obtained between the toxicities determined with the bioluminescent response of the immobilized bacterium GC2 and the QSAR model. It was also found that the present study offers a new method of predicting the cellular toxicities of CCPAHs or PCPAHs using this biosensor. 相似文献
97.
Tomoya Isaji Yuya Sato Tomohiko Fukuda Jianguo Gu 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(18):12207-12216
N-Glycosylation of integrin α5β1 plays a crucial role
in cell spreading, cell migration, ligand binding, and dimer formation, but
the detailed mechanisms by which N-glycosylation mediates these
functions remain unclear. In a previous study, we showed that three potential
N-glycosylation sites (α5S3–5) on the β-propeller of
the α5 subunit are essential to the functional expression of the
subunit. In particular, site 5 (α5S5) is the most important for its
expression on the cell surface. In this study, the function of the
N-glycans on the integrin β1 subunit was investigated using
sequential site-directed mutagenesis to remove the combined putative
N-glycosylation sites. Removal of the N-glycosylation sites
on the I-like domain of the β1 subunit (i.e. the Δ4-6
mutant) decreased both the level of expression and heterodimeric formation,
resulting in inhibition of cell spreading. Interestingly, cell spreading was
observed only when the β1 subunit possessed these three
N-glycosylation sites (i.e. the S4-6 mutant). Furthermore,
the S4-6 mutant could form heterodimers with either α5S3-5 or α5S5
mutant of the α5 subunit. Taken together, the results of the present
study reveal for the first time that N-glycosylation of the I-like
domain of the β1 subunit is essential to both the heterodimer formation
and biological function of the subunit. Moreover, because the
α5S3-5/β1S4-6 mutant represents the minimal
N-glycosylation required for functional expression of the β1
subunit, it might also be useful for the study of molecular structures.Integrin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that consists of both an α
and a β subunit (1). The
interaction between integrin and the extracellular matrix is essential to both
physiologic and pathologic events, such as cell migration, development, cell
viability, immune homeostasis, and tumorigenesis
(2,
3). Among the integrin
superfamily, β1 integrin can combine with 12 distinct α subunits
(α1–11, αv) to form heterodimers, thereby acquiring a wide
variety of ligand specificity
(1,
4). Integrins are thought to be
regulated by inside-out signaling mechanisms that provoke conformational
changes, which modulate the affinity of integrin for the ligand
(5). However, an increasing
body of evidence suggests that cell-surface carbohydrates mediate a variety of
interactions between integrin and its extracellular environment, thereby
affecting integrin activity and possibly tumor metastasis as well
(6–8).Guo et al. (9)
reported that an increase in β1–6-GlcNAc sugar chains on the
integrin β1 subunit stimulated cell migration. In addition, elevated
sialylation of the β1 subunit, because of Ras-induced STGal-I transferase
activity, also induced cell migration
(10,
11). Conversely, cell
migration and spreading were reduced by the addition of a bisecting GlcNAc,
which is a product of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III
(GnT-III),2 to the
α5β1 and α3β1 integrins
(12,
13). Alterations of
N-glycans on integrins might also regulate their cis interactions
with membrane-associated proteins, including the epidermal growth factor
receptor, the galectin family, and the tetraspanin family of proteins
(14–19).In addition to the positive and negative regulatory effects of
N-glycan, several research groups have reported that
N-glycans must be present on integrin α5β1 for the
αβ heterodimer formation and proper integrin-matrix interactions.
Consistent with this hypothesis, in the presence of the glycosylation
inhibitor, tunicamycin, normal integrin-substrate binding and transport to the
cell surface are inhibited
(20). Moreover, treatment of
purified integrin with N-glycosidase F blocked both the inherent
association of the subunits and the interaction between integrin and
fibronectin (FN) (21). These
results suggest that N-glycosylation is essential to the functional
expression of α5β1. However, because integrin α5β1
contains 26 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, 14 in the α
subunit and 12 in the β subunit, identification of the sites that are
essential to its biological functions is key to understanding the molecular
mechanisms by which N-glycans alter integrin function. Recently, our
group determined that N-glycosylation of the β-propeller domain
on the α5 subunit is essential to both heterodimerization and biological
functions of the subunit. Furthermore, we determined that sites 3–5 are
the most important sites for α5 subunit-mediated cell spreading and
migration on FN (22). The
purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of N-glycosylation of
the β1 subunit. Therefore, we performed combined substitutions in the
putative N-glycosylation sites by replacement of asparagine residues
with glutamine residues. We subsequently introduced these mutated genes into
β1-deficient epithelial cells (GE11). The results of these mutation
experiments revealed that the N-glycosylation sites on the I-like
domain of the β1 subunit, sites number 4–6 (S4-6), are essential to
both heterodimer formation and biological functions, such as cell
spreading. 相似文献
98.
Karen F Chambers Joanna F Pearson Davide Pellacani Naveed Aziz Miodrag Gužvić Christoph A Klein Shona H Lang 《Journal of biomedical science》2011,18(1):45
Background
Stromal signalling increases the lateral cell adhesions of prostate epithelial cells grown in 3D culture. The aim of this study was to use microarray analysis to identify significant epithelial signalling pathways and genes in this process. 相似文献99.
Yao YW Shi Y Jia ZF Jiang YH Gu Z Wang J Aljofan M Sun ZG 《Histochemistry and cell biology》2011,136(2):205-215
To investigate the biological significance of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) involvement in oocyte maturation,
we screened for proteins that bound to UCH-L1 in mouse ovaries, and we found that the prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1)
protein was able to bind to UCH-L1. PTOV1 is highly expressed in prostate cancers and considered as a potential marker for
carcinogenesis and the progress of prostate cancer. It was reported that PTOV1 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation,
but its role in mammalian oocyte development and meiosis is still unclear. In this paper, it was found that the expression
levels of PTOV1 in mouse ovaries progressively increased from prepubescence to adulthood. And we found by immunohistochemistry
that PTOV1 spreaded in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of oocytes during prepuberty, but in normal adult mouse oocytes, it concentrated
not only in nuclei but also on the plasma membrane, though in some oocytes with abnormal shapes, PTOV1 did not display the
typical distribution patterns. In granulosa cells, however, it was found to locate in the cytoplasm at all the selected ages.
In postnatal mouse ovaries (28 days), estradiol treatment induced the adult-specific distribution pattern of PTOV1 in oocytes.
In addition, UCH-L1 was shown to be associated with CDK1, which participated in the regulation of cell cycle and oocyte maturation.
Therefore, we propose that the distribution changes of PTOV1 are age-dependent, and significant for mouse oocyte development
and maturation. Moreover, the discovery that PTOV1 is associated with UCH-L1 in mouse oocytes supports the explanations for
that UCH-L1 is involved in oocyte development and maturation, especially under the regulation of estrogen. 相似文献
100.
Liang Zhang Zhongyang Ding Peng Xu Yuhong Wang Zhenghua Gu Zhu Qian Guiyang Shi Kechang Zhang 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2011,16(3):457-461
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melanin, and the use of inhibitors against tyrosinase can prevent hyperpigmentation
by inhibiting enzymatic oxidation. However, the current use of tyrosine inhibitors is limited by their low activities and
high toxicities. The aim of the present research was to develop novel whitening agents, or tyrosinase-targeted medicine, from
a submerged culture of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Methyl lucidenate F was isolated from the ethanol-soluble-acidic components (ESACs) of G. lucidum, with the structure of ESACs elucidated via UV, LC-MS, and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured using catechol as a substrate. Methyl lucidenate
F displayed uncompetitive inhibition of the potato tyrosinase activity, for which Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed a maximum
reaction rate (V
max) of 0.4367/min, Michaelis constant (K
m) of 6.765 mM and uncompetitive inhibition constant (K
i) of 19.22 μM. Meanwhile, methyl lucidenate F (tetra cyclic triterpenoid) exhibited high tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with
an IC50 of 32.23 μM. These results suggest that methyl lucidenate F may serve as a potential candidate for skin-whitening agents. 相似文献