动态神经网络中的同步振荡

目前有一种假设认为同一视觉对象是由一群神经元的同步振荡活动来表征的。这一神经元发放活动的时间特性,是解决视觉信息处理中“结合问题（Ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ）”的可能机制。本文用我们所提出的一种简化现实性神经网络模型［１］所构造的时滞非线性振子网络［２］,模拟生物神经网络的同步振荡活动。并考虑了振子各参数的设置与振荡活动的关系,以及网络振子间耦联对同步活动的影响．     

嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻（Mastigocladus laminosus）藻胆体在解离过程中荧光发射光谱和光能传递的研究

研究了层理鞭枝藻藻胆体在不同浓度磷酸缓冲溶液中解离过程中荧光发射光谱的变化和光能传递。完整藻胆体的７７Ｋ荧光光谱中只有一个峰,位于６８５ｎｍ它是末端发射体（核心－膜连接多肽和别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ）的荧光峰。部分解离藻胆体的荧光光谱的主峰位移至６５２ｎｍ：次峰位于６８５ｎｍ;６６０ｎｍ为一弱荧光发射肩。它们依次为Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白,末端发射体和别藻蓝蛋白的荧光。严重解离藻胆体的荧光主峰移６４４ｎｍ;次峰由６８５ｎｍ移至６８２ｎｍ;６６０ｎｍ荧光发射肩消失。这表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白所捕获的光能已不能传递给别藻蓝蛋白,但可传递给末端发射体洞时又表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白不仅与别藻蓝蛋白相连接而且还与末端发射体相连接。提出该藻胆体光能传递链如下：核心－膜连接多肽藻红蓝蛋白→Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白→别藻蓝蛋白别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ     

榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响

本文观察了榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响。实验结果表明：榄香烯６．２５－２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ,ｉｐ×７ｄ,可使血瘀模型鼠的高低切变率全血粘度和还原粘度、血浆粘度、血沉、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原及红细胞电泳时间等显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示榄香烯有活血化瘀作用     

中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响

 中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响姚明忠,顾文聪,丁卫,韩志芬,杜国光（上海中医药大学生物化学教研室,上海２０００３２）（北京医科大学生物化学与分子生物学系,北京１０００８３）中药固真方（ＶＲＦ）具有补肾益精、延缓衰老的作用［１］．能提高成...     

A gene encoding a truncated large subunit of Rubisco is transcribed and salt-inducible in rice

Using the rice salt-tolerant mutant 20 as material, a cDNA library was constructed and two salt-inducible clones, SIR5.5 and SIR8.1, were isolated by differential screening. Homology analysis revealed that the two clones together constituted a chimeric rbcL which encoded a truncated large subunit of Rubisco with 337 amino-acids, plus 64 amino-acids of unknown origin. The expressions of both the normal and the chimeric locus appeared to be developmentally regulated and salt-inducible in shoots of the salt-tolerant mutant 20 and its original variety 77–170. In roots, their expressions were salt-inducible in the salt-tolerant mutant 20 whereas no, or only premature, forms were present in the salt-treated original variety 77–170. Higher concentrations of salt reduced the expressions of both normal rbcL and the chimeric locus. ABA showed no effect on their expression.     

Effect of human papillomavirus type 16 oncogenes on MAP kinase activity.

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway is an intracellular signaling cascade which mediates cellular responses to growth and differentiation factors. The MAP kinase pathway can be activated by a wide range of stimuli dependent on the cell types, and this is normally a transient response. Oncogenes such as ras, src, raf, and mos have been proposed to transform cells in part by prolonging the activated stage of components within this signaling pathway. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6 and E7 play an essential role in the in vitro transformation of primary human keratinocytes and rodent cells. The HPV type 16 E5 gene has also been shown to have weak transforming activity and may enhance the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated signal transduction to the nucleus. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of the oncogenic HPV type 16 E5, E6, and E7 genes on the induction of the MAP kinase signaling pathway. The E5 gene induced an increase in the MAP kinase activity both in the absence and in the presence of EGF. In comparison, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins do not alter the MAP kinase activity or prolong the MAP kinase activity induced with EGF. These findings suggest that E5 may function, at least in part, to enhance the cell response through the MAP kinase pathway. However, the transforming activity of E6 and E7 is not associated with alterations in the MAP kinase pathway. These findings are consistent with E5 enhancing the response to growth factor stimulation.     

Biochemistry and pharmacology of 7α-substituted androstenediones as aromatase inhibitors

The inhibition of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for converting androgens to estrogens, is therapeutically useful for the endocrine treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Research by our laboratory has focused on developing competitive and irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitors, with an emphasis on synthesis and biochemistry of 7α-substituted androstenediones. Numerous 7α-thiosubstituted androst-4-ene-3,17-diones are potent competitive inhibitors, and several 1,4-diene analogs, such as 7α-(4′-aminophenylthio)-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (7α-APTADD), have demonstrated effective enzyme-activated irreversible inhibition of aromatase in microsomal enzyme assays. One focus of current research is to examine the effectiveness and biochemical pharmacology of 7α-APTADD in vivo. In the hormone-dependent 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinoma model system, 7α-APTADD at a 50 mg/kg/day dose caused an initial decrease in mean tumor volume during the first week, and tumor volume remained unchanged throughout the remaining 5-week treatment period. This agent lowers serum estradiol levels and inhibits ovarian aromatase activity. A second research area has focused on the synthesis of more metabolically stable inhibitors by replacing the thioether linkage at the 7α position with a carbon-carbon linkage. Several 7α-arylaliphatic androst-4-ene-3,17-diones were synthesized by 1,6-conjugate additions of appropriate organocuprates to a protected androst-4,6-diene or by 1,4-conjugate additions to a seco-A-ring steroid intermediate. These compounds were all potent inhibitors of aromatase with apparent K_is ranging between 13 and 19 nM. Extension of the research on these 7α-arylaliphatic androgens includes the introduction of a C₁---C₂ double bond in the A-ring to provide enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors. The desired 7α-arylaliphatic androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-diones were obtained from their corresponding 7α-arylaliphatic androst-4-ene-3,17-diones by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). These inhibitors demonstrated enzyme-mediated inactivation of aromatase with apparent k_inacts ranging from 4.4 × 10⁻⁴ to 1.90 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹. The best inactivator of the series was 7α-phenpropylandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, which exhibited a T_1/2 of 6.08 min. Aromatase inhibition was also observed in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell cultures and in JAr human choriocarcinoma cell cultures, exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 64-328 nM. The 7α-arylaliphatic androgens thus demonstrate potent inhibition of aromatase in both microsomal incubations and in choriocarcinoma cell lines expressing aromatase enzymatic activity. Additionally, the results from these studies provide further evidence for the presence of a hydrophobic binding pocket existing near the 7α-position of the steroid in the active site of aromatase. The size of the 7α-substituent influences optimal binding of steroidal inhibitors to the active site and affects the extent of enzyme-mediated inactivation observed with androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione analogs.     

Efficient pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus particles with chimeric human foamy virus envelope proteins.

Incorporation of human foamy virus (HFV) envelope proteins into murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles was studied in a transient transfection packaging cell system. We report here that wild-type HFV envelope protein can pseudotype MuLV particles, albeit at low efficiency. Complete or partial removal of the HFV cytoplasmic tail resulted in an abolishment or reduction of HFV-mediated infectivity, implicating a role of the HFV envelope cytoplasmic tail in the pseudotyping of MuLV particles. Mutation of the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal present in the HFV envelope cytoplasmic tail did not result in a higher relative infectivity of pseudotyped retroviral vectors. However, a chimeric envelope protein, containing an unprocessed MuLV envelope cytoplasmic domain fused to a truncated HFV envelope protein, showed an enhanced HFV specific infectivity as a result of an increased incorporation of chimeric envelope proteins into MuLV particles.