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41.
The number of monogenean gill parasite species associated with fish hosts of different sizes is evaluated for 35 host individuals of the West African cyprinid Labeo coubie. The length of host individuals explains 86% of the total variation in monogenean species richness among individuals. Larger hosts harbour more species than smaller ones. The existence of a hierarchical association of parasite species in individuals of L. coubie is demonstrated. Monogenean infracommunities on larger fish hosts consist of all species found on smaller hosts plus those restricted to the larger size categories, suggesting some degree of compositional persistence among host individuals. The findings provide strong support for an interpretation of the relationship between monogenean parasite species richness and host body size in terms of a nested species subset pattern, thus providing a new record of repetitive structure and predictability for parasite infracommunities of hosts.After 15/01/1995, ORSTOM, BP 165 97323 Cayenne cedex Guyane France 相似文献
42.
E. P. O'Brien E. K. Novak S. A. Keller C. Poirier J.-L. Guénet R. T. Swank 《Mammalian genome》1994,5(6):356-360
The mouse ruby eye (ru) and pale ear (ep) pigment dilution genes cause platelet storage pool deficiency (SPD) and prolonged bleeding times. The brachymorphic (bm) gene, in addition to causing skeletal abnormalities, is also associated with prolonged bleeding times. All three hemorrhagic genes are found within 10 cM on Chromosome (Chr) 19. In this study, 15 microsatellite markers and five cDNAs, spanning 21 cM of Chr 19, were mapped in relation to the bm, ep, and ru genes in 457 progeny of an interspecific backcross utilizing the highly inbred strain PWK derived from the Mus musculus musculus species. Several markers were found to be closely linked to the three genes and should be useful as entry points in their eventual molecular identification. 相似文献
43.
发酵活性豆渣饲料的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
活性豆渣饲料是新鲜豆渣经微生物发酵而得到的。本文介绍了发酵菌株的筛选过程,并对发酵的最适条件进行了研究。分析结果表明,这种饲料含有蛋白酶等多种酶类,蛋白质、氨基酸的含量均比未发酵的豆渣有所增加,而且克服了豆渣含水量大、易腐败的缺点,有利于畜禽更充分地消化吸收。经动物喂养实验证明.活性豆渣饲料可代替50%以上的鱼粉,是一种非常理想的蛋白饲料。 相似文献
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Xue-Fan Gu Felix de Rooij J. S. Lee Kor Te Velde Jean Charles Deybach Yves Nordmann Bernard Grandchamp 《Human genetics》1993,91(2):128-130
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). Up to now 14 different mutations have been described. In an effort to investigate the molecular epidemiology of AIP we have undertaken a systematic study of different exons of the PBGD gene from a large number of unrelated patients. Here, exon 8 from 82 unrelated Dutch and French AIP patients was examined using single strand confirmation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. A single base mutation, C to T, at position 346 of the sequence coding for PBGD was observed in 15 Dutch families but in only 1 French family. A simple PCR assay is described to facilitate the diagnosis of this common mutation at the DNA level. 相似文献
46.
Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) affects the allocation of biomass aboveground and belowground and influences terrestrial ecosystem functions. However, how belowground functions respond to elevated O3 concentrations ([O3]) remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we conducted a detailed synthesis of belowground functioning responses to elevated [O3] by performing a meta-analysis of 2395 paired observations from 222 publications. We found that elevated [O3] significantly reduced the primary productivity of roots by 19.8%, 16.3%, and 26.9% for crops, trees and grasses, respectively. Elevated [O3] strongly decreased the root/shoot ratio by 11.3% for crops and by 4.9% for trees, which indicated that roots were highly sensitive to O3. Elevated [O3] impacted carbon and nitrogen cycling in croplands, as evidenced by decreased dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total soil nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, and nitrification rates in association with increased nitrate nitrogen and denitrification rates. Elevated [O3] significantly decreased fungal phospholipid fatty acids in croplands, which suggested that O3 altered the microbial community and composition. The responses of belowground functions to elevated [O3] were modified by experimental methods, root environments, and additional global change factors. Therefore, these factors should be considered to avoid the underestimation or overestimation of the impacts of elevated [O3] on belowground functioning. The significant negative relationships between O3-treated intensity and the multifunctionality index for croplands, forests, and grasslands implied that elevated [O3] decreases belowground ecosystem multifunctionality. 相似文献
47.
Jeffrey D. Wood Lianhong Gu Paul J. Hanson Christian Frankenberg Lawren Sack 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(7):2015-2029
Soil and atmospheric droughts increasingly threaten plant survival and productivity around the world. Yet, conceptual gaps constrain our ability to predict ecosystem-scale drought impacts under climate change. Here, we introduce the ecosystem wilting point (ΨEWP), a property that integrates the drought response of an ecosystem's plant community across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Specifically, ΨEWP defines a threshold below which the capacity of the root system to extract soil water and the ability of the leaves to maintain stomatal function are strongly diminished. We combined ecosystem flux and leaf water potential measurements to derive the ΨEWP of a Quercus-Carya forest from an “ecosystem pressure–volume (PV) curve,” which is analogous to the tissue-level technique. When community predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was above ΨEWP (=−2.0 MPa), the forest was highly responsive to environmental dynamics. When Ψpd fell below ΨEWP, the forest became insensitive to environmental variation and was a net source of carbon dioxide for nearly 2 months. Thus, ΨEWP is a threshold defining marked shifts in ecosystem functional state. Though there was rainfall-induced recovery of ecosystem gas exchange following soaking rains, a legacy of structural and physiological damage inhibited canopy photosynthetic capacity. Although over 16 growing seasons, only 10% of Ψpd observations fell below ΨEWP, the forest is commonly only 2–4 weeks of intense drought away from reaching ΨEWP, and thus highly reliant on frequent rainfall to replenish the soil water supply. We propose, based on a bottom-up analysis of root density profiles and soil moisture characteristic curves, that soil water acquisition capacity is the major determinant of ΨEWP, and species in an ecosystem require compatible leaf-level traits such as turgor loss point so that leaf wilting is coordinated with the inability to extract further water from the soil. 相似文献
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49.
Béatrice Drouet Luis Garcia Dominique Simon-Chazottes Marie Geneviève Mattei Jean-Louis Guénet Arnold Schwartz Gyula Varadi Martine Pinçon-Raymond 《Mammalian genome》1993,4(9):499-503
Using both chromosomal in situ hybridization and molecular techniques, we report the genetic localization of the gene coding for the alpha 1 subunit of the skeletal slow Ca2+ current channel/DHP receptor gene (Cchl1a3) on human Chromosome (Chr) 1 (1q31–1q32 region) and on mouse Chr 1 region (F-G). On the basis of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP-PCR) analysis in an interspecific backcross, we have determined that the Cchl1a3=mdg (muscular dysgenesis) locus is very closely linked to the myogenin (Myog) locus. 相似文献
50.