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The global threat of terrorism raises questions about preparedness and risk communication in the context of public health and security. Although experts discriminate between chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CNRNE) terrorist events, little is known about how the Canadian public represents these forms of terrorism. A stratified random sample of 1502 Canadians participated in a telephone survey on CBRNE terrorism. A word association technique was used to assess first words or images that came to mind while thinking about different types of terrorist scenarios. Content analysis of this data revealed a number of potential uncertainties and misconceptions regarding different types of terrorism scenarios. Despite most frequently providing agents in response questions surrounding chemical or biological terrorism, respondents frequently confounded agents of biological and chemical nature. Similarly, different aspects of nuclear events were not consistently distinguished. Most notably, however, a sizable proportion of respondents had difficulty providing word associations to the different types of terrorist events or only provided vague responses that closely mirrored the scenario in question. Finally, images regarding the potential impacts of scenarios were infrequent. Implications for risk communication and preparedness are discussed; in particular, the need to provide the public with more detailed information regarding the nature of different forms of CBRNE terrorism and how to best prepare for a potential event. 相似文献
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Joel G Ray Loralie J Langman Marian J Vermeulen Jovan Evrovski Erik L Yeo David EC Cole 《Trials》2001,2(3):141-9
Background
Women may be at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) as compared with men. We studied the effects of genetic and biochemical markers of thrombophilia in women, in conjunction with other established risk factors for VTE. 相似文献24.
The agricultural sector, and particularly the horticultural production, has a singular importance in agriculture, considering that it ranks second on agricultural products, nationally and worldwide. Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of vegetable loss during storage, reducing their nutritional value, quality and sale price. Vegetables are usually exposed to diverse treatments with chemical products before storage; as a result, fungal populations develop an increased resistance over time becoming more difficult to control. Because of this, research efforts toward finding more suitable chemicals to control fungal diseases are needed. Natural extracts may be an alternative solve this problem. In the present investigation the fungicidal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Agave scabra was evaluated on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp., whose strains were isolated from potato and tomato. To assess their effects, the agar-dilution and agar-well techniques were performed. The ethanol extract was more effective against Botrytis cinerea and Mucor sp. when the agar-well method was used. However, when using the agar-dilution method the ethanol extract of Agave scabra inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp. 相似文献
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Positive selection and sequence rearrangements generate extensive polymorphism in the gamete recognition protein bindin 总被引:27,自引:12,他引:15
Bindin is a gamete recognition protein of sea urchins that mediates
species-specific attachment of sperm to an egg-surface receptor during
fertilization. Sequences of bindin from closely related urchins show fixed
species-specific differences. Within species, highly polymorphic bindin
alleles result from point substitution, insertion/deletion, and
recombination. Since speciation, positive selection favoring allelic
variants has generated diversity in bindin polypeptides. Intraspecific
bindin variation can be tolerated by the egg receptor, which suggests
functional parallels between this system and other flexible recognition
systems, including immune recognition. These results show that polymorphism
in mate recognition loci required for rapid evolution of sexual isolation
can arise within natural populations.
相似文献
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The molecular evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase-related genes in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The DNA sequences of the Adh genes of three members of the Drosophila
melanogaster species subgroup have been determined. This completes the Adh
sequences of the eight species of this subgroup. Two species, D. yakuba and
D. teissieri, possess processed Adh pseudogenes. In all of the species of
the subgroup, a gene of unknown function, Adhr, is located about 300 bp 3'
to Adh. Although this gene is experiencing a higher rate of synonymous
substitution than Adh, it is more constrained at the amino acid level.
Phylogenetic relationships between all eight members of the melanogaster
subgroup have been analyzed using a variety of methods. All analyses
suggested that the D. yakuba and D. teissieri pseudogenes have a single
common ancestor, rather than evolving independently in each species, and
that D. melanogaster is the sister species to D. simulans, D. sechellia,
and D. mauritiana. The evolutionary relationships of the latter three
species remain equivocal.
相似文献
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L Alonso EC Souza MV Oliveira LFE do Nascimento PMS Dantas 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2014,31(4):267-270
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental contribution to variation in aerobic power in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The sample consisted of 20 MZ individuals (12 females and 8 males) and 16 DZ individuals (12 females and 4 males), aged from 8 to 26 years, residents in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The twins were assessed by a multistage fitness test. The rate of heritability found for aerobic power was 77%. Based on the results, the estimated heritability was largely responsible for the differences in aerobic power. This implies that such measures are under strong genetic influence. 相似文献
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Mariel Asbury Marlow Marise da Silva Mattos Maria Ernestina Makowiecky Iriane Eger Andre Luiz Rossetto Edmundo Carlos Grisard Mário Steindel 《PloS one》2013,8(2)
Background
Although known to be highly endemic in the Amazon regions of Brazil, the presence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the subtropical southern part of the country has largely been ignored. This study was conducted to demonstrate CL is emerging in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, as well as to characterize the epidemiological profile and Leishmania species involved.Methodology/Principal Findings
For this cross-sectional study, data from all CL cases from Santa Catarina, Brazil, reported to the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2001 to 2009 were investigated. Amplification of the kDNA minicircle conserved region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was conducted to screen for Leishmania species present in patient biopsy. Overall, 542 CL cases were reported, with majority resulting from autochthonous transmission (n = 401, 73.99%) and occurring in urban zones (n = 422, 77.86%). Age, gender, zone of residence, origin of case, clinical form and case outcome were found to differ significantly by region. Imported cases were over seven times more likely to relapse (95% CI 2.56–21.09). Mapping of cases revealed new endemic areas in northeastern Santa Catarina with two species present. With the exception of three L. (Leishmania) amazonensis cases (1.20%), majority of PCR positive samples were found to be L. (Viannia) braziliensis (n = 248, 98.80%).Conclusions/Significance
CL is now endemic in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, with case profiles varying significantly by region. L. (V.) braziliensis has been identified as the predominant species in the region. 相似文献30.