The preparation and kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase attached to water-insoluble particles and sheets

1. The preparation of lactate dehydrogenase covalently attached to anion-exchange cellulose particles and sheets by use of a dichloro-sym-triazinyl dyestuff, Procion brilliant orange MGS, is described. 2. The stability and kinetic properties of these preparations were investigated. 3. An equation is derived to describe the change in concentration of a substrate when passed through a uniform bed of a substrate-inhibited enzyme. A number of theoretical curves are shown to illustrate the system. 4. A titrimetric assay for lactate dehydrogenase is described, and shown to be stoicheiometric over the range pH5.0-9.2. 5. The results are discussed in relation to previous work, and the effects of charged groups on the support, and of the diffusion film surrounding any particle in suspension, are treated qualitatively.     

The stem and bulb eelworm, Anguillulina dipsaci (Kühn, 1858): the importance of collating evidence on the behaviour of biologic strains

The results of experiments on the infection of many different plants with seven biologic strains of known history of the nematode, Anguillulina dipsaci (Kühn), are given, together with the results obtained by other investigators. The technique by which the nematode was induced to infect other host plants is described in detail. The biologic strain theory in relation to A. dipsaci is discussed, together with the merits of the trinomial system of nomenclature in connexion with unspecialized races. The factors concerned with nematode outbreaks receive consideration. The relationship that exists between flower colour in herbaceous phloxes and the degree of infection by A. dipsaci is presented.     

Antibiotics in surgical treatment of acute abscesses.

A four-way, double-blind, prospective trial of treatment of abscesses by incision, curettage, and primary closure with and without antibiotic cover (clindamycin injection before operation or capsules after operation, or both) was conducted. There was no appreciable difference in mean healing time between the patients given both the antibiotic injection and the antibiotic capsules and those given the injection and placebo capsules, whereas healing times in those given the placebo injection and antibiotic capsules or placebo only were appreciably longer. Four of the patients who were not given the antibiotic injection developed bacteraemia; one patient who was given the antibiotic injection also developed a bacteraemia, but this was caused by clindamycin-resistant bacteria. These results show that a single injection of an effective antibiotic before operation is sufficient to protect the patient against bacteraemia and permit optimum healing.     

Type I Antifreeze Proteins Enhance Ice Nucleation above Certain Concentrations

In this study, we examined the effects that antifreeze proteins have on the supercooling and ice-nucleating abilities of aqueous solutions. Very little information on such nucleation currently exists. Using an automated lag time apparatus and a new analysis, we show several dilution series of Type I antifreeze proteins. Our results indicate that, above a concentration of ∼8 mg/ml, ice nucleation is enhanced rather than hindered. We discuss this unexpected result and present a new hypothesis outlining three components of polar fish blood that we believe affect its solution properties in certain situations.     

Genetic interactions between HNT3/Aprataxin and RAD27/FEN1 suggest parallel pathways for 5′ end processing during base excision repair

Mutations in Aprataxin cause the neurodegenerative syndrome ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 1. Aprataxin catalyzes removal of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from the 5′ end of a DNA strand, which results from an aborted attempt to ligate a strand break containing a damaged end. To gain insight into which DNA lesions are substrates for Aprataxin action in vivo, we deleted the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HNT3 gene, which encodes the Aprataxin homolog, in combination with known DNA repair genes. While hnt3Δ single mutants were not sensitive to DNA damaging agents, loss of HNT3 caused synergistic sensitivity to H₂O₂ in backgrounds that accumulate strand breaks with blocked termini, including apn1Δ apn2Δ tpp1Δ and ntg1Δ ntg2Δ ogg1Δ. Loss of HNT3 in rad27Δ cells, which are deficient in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER), resulted in synergistic sensitivity to H₂O₂ and MMS, indicating that Hnt3 and LP-BER provide parallel pathways for processing 5′ AMPs. Loss of HNT3 also increased the sister chromatid exchange frequency. Surprisingly, HNT3 deletion partially rescued H₂O₂ sensitivity in recombination-deficient rad51Δ and rad52Δ cells, suggesting that Hnt3 promotes formation of a repair intermediate that is resolved by recombination.